Journal of Chemical Health Risks (Islamic Azad University, Iran)
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“Study on the Occurence of Elevated CPK Levels and Its Association with Cardiovascular Risk in Newly Diagnosed Hypothyroid Patients”
Get PDFBackground: Hypothyroidism, a prevalent endocrine disorder, has been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Elevated creatine phosphokinase (CPK) levels, commonly seen in hypothyroid patients, may serve as an early marker for cardiovascular risk. This study aims to investigate the occurrence of elevated CPK levels and its association with cardiovascular risk in newly diagnosed hypothyroid patients.
Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Aarupadai Veedu Medical College and Hospital, Puducherry, involving 100 newly diagnosed hypothyroid patients. Patients with prior thyroid treatment, history of cardiovascular disease, pregnancy, or use of medications affecting CPK levels were excluded. Demographic details, thyroid function tests (TSH, FT3, FT4), lipid profiles, and CPK levels were assessed. Cardiovascular risk was evaluated using the PROCAM score, and statistical analysis was performed using SPSS v23.0, with p<0.05 considered significant.
Results: The study included 100 patients (32% male, 68% female) with a mean age of 43.2±14.7 years. Among them, 26% were smokers and 35% had diabetes. The mean CPK level was 88.8, with a median of 46.0. Cardiovascular risk assessment showed that 36% had <1% risk, while 5% had >40% risk. A significant positive correlation was found between CPK levels and cardiovascular risk (r=0.768, p<0.01) as well as with the PROCAM score (r=0.742, p<0.01), suggesting that elevated CPK levels could indicate higher cardiovascular risk.
Conclusion: The study highlights a significant association between elevated CPK levels and increased cardiovascular risk in newly diagnosed hypothyroid patients. Routine monitoring of CPK levels may aid in the early identification of patients at higher risk for cardiovascular complications, allowing for timely intervention and better management of hypothyroidism-related cardiovascular risks
Role of Simarouba glauca (DC). in Restoring Intestinal Integrity during Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli-Induced Diarrhea
Get PDFBackground: Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) infection leads to gastrointestinal disturbances by impairing digestive enzyme activity, contributing to diarrheal pathology. Simarouba glauca (DC). aqueous leaf extract (SGALp) has been proposed as potential therapeutics due to its antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties.
Objective: To evaluate the modulatory effect of S. glauca (DC). aqueous lyophilized powder (SGALp) on activities of intestinal enzymes such as disaccharidases, aminopeptidase N, and Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase in ETEC-induced diarrheal BALB/c mice.
Methods: Female BALB/c mice were divided into five groups: control, ETEC-infected, ETEC + SGALp (250 mg/kg b.w), ETEC + SGALp (500 mg/kg b.w), and ETEC + Co-Trimazole (5 mg/kg b.w). Diarrhea was induced via oral ETEC H10407 inoculation (1×10⁹ CFU/mL). SGALp and standard treatments were administered orally for 7 days. The disaccharidases enzyme activities in the jejunum and ileum were assayed on 1, 3, 5, and 7 days by Dahlqvist’s method. The aminopeptidase N activity was measured by ELISA and the Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase activity was measured by spectrophotometric assay.
Results: The ETEC infection significantly reduced sucrase, maltase, aminopeptidase N, and Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase activities (P < 0.001). The SGALp treatment led to dose-dependent restoration of these enzyme activities. The SGALp at a concentration of 500 mg/kg b.w, restored enzyme activity nearly to control by day 7. Co-Trimazole showed similar but slightly less pronounced effects. The restoration of activity was statistically significant across most of the time points, especially in the higher dose group.
Conclusions: The SGALp effectively mitigated ETEC-induced reductions in key intestinal enzymes, indicating its protective and restorative potential. The aqueous extract of S. glauca demonstrated promising therapeutic efficacy in managing ETEC-associated diarrheal disorders by preserving digestive and absorptive functions of intestinal mucosa
Colour Stability of Non-Cavitated Labial Enamel Lesion Treated by Resin Infiltration Technique with and Without Remineralization in Permanent Anterior Teeth- A Clinical Study
Get PDFBackground: White spot lesions (WSLs) from fluorosis, enamel hypoplasia, or early caries are common esthetic concerns in children. Resin infiltration is a minimally invasive option, but color stability may vary by lesion type. The adjunctive use of casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) could enhance outcomes, though evidence is limited.
Aim: To assess the 12-month color stability of non-cavitated WSLs of different etiologies treated with resin infiltration alone or with CPP-ACP.
Methods: A prospective randomized clinical trial was conducted on 90 anterior teeth from 25 children (7–13 years) with non-cavitated WSLs. Teeth were grouped by etiology (fluorosis, hypoplasia, caries) and subdivided into two subgroups (n=15 each): resin infiltration alone or resin infiltration with CPP-ACP. Spectrophotometric color change (ΔE) was recorded at baseline, immediately post-treatment, and at 1, 2, 6, and 12 months. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey’s post hoc test.
Results: Only the hypoplastic group treated with resin infiltration alone showed significant color change over time (p=0.007). At six months, intergroup differences were significant (p=0.049), though post hoc analysis revealed no pairwise significance. Carious lesions treated with combination therapy demonstrated the most stable ΔE over 12 months. Fluorosed and hypoplastic lesions showed variable and less predictable outcomes.
Conclusion: Resin infiltration provides varying color stability across lesion types. Adjunctive CPP-ACP enhances outcomes in carious WSLs but has limited benefit for fluorosed and hypoplastic lesions. Lesion structure and resin penetration dynamics may influence long-term esthetic succes
A Randomized, Double Blind, Placebo Controlled, Single Centric, 2 Arm Clinical Trial to Assess the Efficacy and Safety of Amrith Noni D Plus in Patients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus who are on OHA.
Get PDFThe number of people with Diabetes Mellitus is rapidly increasing in the current generation. There are several medications researched and manufactured by the pharmaceutical industry but almost all of them have been reported to have some side effects or the other. Many researchers and doctors are trying to find natural alternatives that can keep the sugar levels under control. One such medicinally important plant is Morinda citrifolia L., commonly known as Noni. The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of Amrith Noni D Plus in patients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus who are on Oral Hypoglycaemic Agent with that of a placebo. Apart from that the safety, tolerability of the same was also assessed. The study’s results show that there was no adverse effect after 24 weeks and there was a significant change in the laboratory tests conducted
The Effectiveness of Implementing Bundle Surgical Site in Reducing Surgical Site Infections in Hospitals
Get PDFIntroduction: Surgical Site Infection (SSI) is a prevalent postoperative complication that contributes significantly to hospital-acquired infections, increased healthcare costs, and prolonged patient recovery. The implementation of evidence-based infection prevention protocols such as the Bundle Surgical Site (BSS) has been proven effective in reducing the incidence of SSI across various surgical procedures.
Objective: This study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of the Bundle Surgical Site (BSS) training in improving bundle adherence and reducing SSI risks among surgical healthcare personnel at hospital.
Methods: This quasi-experimental study involved 48 healthcare workers divided into two groups: an intervention group that received structured BSS training and a control group that only received routine education. Data were collected before and after the intervention to assess adherence to BSS protocols. The Wilcoxon test was used for statistical analysis with a significance level of p < 0.05.
Results Before training, only 29.2% of the intervention group fully implemented BSS protocols, compared to 4.2% in the control group. Post-training, the intervention group\u27s adherence significantly increased to 91.7%, while the control group improved modestly to 25.0%. The mean score of BSS implementation increased from 2.50 to 3.69 (p = 0.000), indicating a statistically significant improvement following the training.
Conclusions: Structured training on BSS protocols significantly enhances compliance among surgical healthcare workers. Incorporating regular BSS training into hospital quality improvement programs is recommended to improve surgical safety and reduce infection rates
A Comprehensive Review on Role of Magnesium Spinel Ferrite in Photo-catalysis
Get PDFThis review explores the effectiveness of magnesium ferrite-based materials as photocatalysts for breaking down organic pollutants, such as antibiotics and synthetic dyes, in wastewater. It focuses on how various synthesis approaches, doping techniques, and composite formations influence their degradation performance. Due to its narrow band gap and magnetic nature, magnesium ferrite is capable of utilizing a wider range of light while also allowing for easy recovery after treatment. The review also sheds light on the underlying photocatalytic mechanisms, presenting magnesium ferrite as a promising candidate for developing affordable and reusable catalysts. Overall, this concise summary highlights recent progress and underscores the significant potential of magnesium ferrite in addressing the environmental challenges posed by organic wastewater contaminants.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.52783/jchr.v15.4.942
Recent Advances in Local Drug Delivery
Get PDFPeriodontitis is characterized by destruction of periodontal ligaments by inflammatory process leading to development of periodontal pockets, loss of attachment and the resorption of the alveolar bone that results in breakdown of the teeth\u27s supporting structures. The development of various microorganisms, especially anaerobes, in the pockets leads to periodontitis by triggering the immune system and producing toxins and enzymes. To effectively treat periodontitis, a variety of local and systemic strategies have been employed. Reducing or removing pockets, bleeding on probing (BOP), and bacterial biofilm are all necessary for a successful course of treatment. Nowadays, a promising approach to treating periodontitis is the use of local drug delivery systems (LDDSs) as an adjuvant therapy to scaling and root planing (SRP). By regulating medication release, LDDSs increase efficacy and reduce side effects. The key to a successful periodontitis treatment strategy is choosing the right bioactive agent and administration method. In order to identify present issues and potential avenues for future study, this review concentrates on the use of various LDDSs and its recent advances with different properties in the treatment of periodontitis, whether or not systemic diseases are present
Comparative Evaluation of Microbial Adhesion on Commercially Available Provisional Fixed Prosthodontic Materials - An in Vitro Study
Get PDFIntroduction: Provisional restorative materials are fabricated immediately after tooth preparation and play a crucial role in maintaining gingival and periodontal health. They help prevent secondary caries, plaque accumulation, and ensure both intra- and inter-arch stability. However, microbial adhesion, particularly on long-term provisional restorations, may lead to oral complications and compromise the longevity of the final prosthesis.
Objectives: This in vitro study aims to compare two commercially available provisional fixed prosthodontic materials, polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) and bisacrylate composite resin, regarding their susceptibility to adhesion by Streptococcus mutans and Staphylococcus aureus, and to evaluate the influence of surface roughness further.
Methods: A total of 20 disc-shaped specimens (10 PMMA and 10 bisacrylate composite resin) were fabricated, each with a diameter of 10.0 mm and a height of 2.0 mm. Surface roughness was measured using a surface profilometer. The specimens were incubated with Streptococcus mutans and Staphylococcus aureus at 37°C for 24 hours. Bacterial adhesion was assessed by measuring the zone of inhibition. The data were statistically analyzed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, with significance set at p ≤ 0.05
Results: Surface roughness showed a statistically significant difference between PMMA and bisacrylate composite resin (p ≤ 0.05). Bisacrylate composite resin exhibited significantly lower bacterial adhesion by Streptococcus mutans compared to PMMA. However, there was no significant difference in adhesion by Staphylococcus aureus between the two materials.
Conclusions: Bacterial adhesion to provisional restorative materials varies significantly between PMMA and bisacrylate composite resin. While bisacrylate composite resin demonstrated lower adhesion by Streptococcus mutans, no correlation was found between surface roughness and bacterial adhesion in this strain
A Paradigm Shift in U.S. FDA Cosmetic Regulations: Modernization of Cosmetics Regulation Act (MoCRA)
Get PDFThe Modernization of Cosmetics Regulation Act of 2022 (MoCRA) signifies the most significant reform in U.S. cosmetic regulation since 1938. Previously governed under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FD&C Act), cosmetic oversight in the U.S. largely relied on voluntary measures. MoCRA establishes a mandatory, structured, and enforceable regulatory framework. This article reviews the key features of MoCRA and compares them to the former voluntary registration system, highlighting implications for domestic and international cosmetic manufacturers
Does Age Impact Clinical Recovery Following EVLA? A Prospective Analysis of 60 Patients
Get PDFIntroduction: Endovenous Laser Ablation (EVLA) is an established treatment for primary varicose veins, offering rapid recovery and excellent occlusion rates. While its efficacy across all age groups is well-documented, limited data exist on the influence of age on the trajectory of clinical recovery. This study aimed to evaluate whether patient age impacts postoperative symptom resolution following EVLA using the Venous Clinical Severity Score (VCSS).
Objective: to assess the impact of age on clinical recovery following EVLA, as measured by parameter-wise VCSS improvement over a 6-month follow-up.
Methods: This prospective observational study included 60 patients undergoing EVLA for symptomatic primary varicose veins between May 2023 and December 2024. Patients were stratified into two groups: <50 years (n=33) and ≥50 years (n=27). All patients were followed for 6 months. Clinical recovery was assessed using total and parameter-wise VCSS at baseline, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months post-procedure. Statistical analyses included Pearson’s and Spearman’s correlation to assess the relationship between age and VCSS improvement.
Results: Both age groups showed significant reductions in total VCSS over 6 months (mean improvement: 5.1 ± 1.3). Younger patients had slightly faster improvement in pain, edema, and activity limitation at 1 month; however, the differences between groups were not statistically significant at 6 months (p > 0.05). Correlation analysis revealed a weak negative association between age and VCSS improvement (Pearson’s r = –0.164, p = 0.21; Spearman’s ρ = –0.153, p = 0.24). No major complications occurred; minor complications included ecchymosis (13.3%), transient paresthesia (5.0%), and mild skin pigmentation (3.3%).
Conclusions: EVLA leads to substantial symptomatic relief irrespective of patient age. While younger patients may experience faster early recovery, age does not significantly impact long-term clinical outcomes. EVLA proves to be a consistently safe and effective treatment for varicose veins across all age groups