Journal of Chemical Health Risks (Islamic Azad University, Iran)
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Formulation and Evaluation of Osmotic Sustained Release Budesonide Tablet for Colon Targeting
Get PDFIn order to improve therapeutic efficacy in the treatment of inflammatory bowel illnesses (IBD), including Crohn\u27s disease and ulcerative colitis, the current study focuses on the formulation and assessment of osmotic sustained release tablets of Budesonide for targeted drug delivery to the colon. Budesonide, a glucocorticoid with strong anti-inflammatory effects, needs to be delivered locally to minimise systemic adverse effects and enhance site-specific impact because it has a high first-pass metabolism.
Budesonide was released gradually and under control using osmotic pump technology. The bilayer core of the tablets, which had an osmotic push layer and a medication layer, was coated with a cellulose acetate semipermeable membrane that included pore formers such as polyethylene glycol (PEG 400). By assessing factors like hardness, friability, homogeneity of drug content, in vitro drug release, and swelling index, several formulations were created and improved. Additionally, the effects of membrane thickness and orifice size on drug release were investigated.
To mimic gastrointestinal transit, in vitro dissolution experiments were carried out in successive pH media. Successful targeting was shown by the optimised formulation\u27s limited drug release in intestinal and gastric pH settings and its considerable release that started at colonic pH. A zero-order release profile that is mostly controlled by osmotic pressure and membrane properties was proposed using kinetic modelling.
The findings highlight the potential of osmotic pump tablets as a dependable method for delivering Budesonide specifically to the colon, providing a viable treatment option for colonic inflammatory diseases with increased patient adherence and fewer doses.
DOI:https://doi.org/10.52783/jchr.v15.i3.870
Assessment of Left Ventricular Function in OPCABG Patient (DVD vs TVD)
Get PDFBackground: Off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCABG) is increasingly utilized to minimize the adverse effects of cardiopulmonary bypass, particularly in patients with multivessel coronary artery disease. However, the influence of coronary disease burden on postoperative left ventricular (LV) functional recovery remains underexplored.
Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted at the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Bangladesh Medical University and Al Helal Specialized Hospital, Mirpur, Dhaka, from January 1 to December 31, 2024. A total of 100 patients undergoing elective OPCABG were enrolled and categorized into two groups based on coronary angiography: 50 with double vessel disease (DVD) and 50 with triple vessel disease (TVD). Echocardiographic and clinical outcomes were assessed preoperatively, on postoperative day 7, and at 3 months.
Results: Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics were comparable between the groups. Postoperative LVEF improved significantly in both groups, with a greater increase in the DVD group (+6.4% vs. +4.5%, p = 0.001). At 3 months, LVEF, LVEDD, and LVESD were significantly better in the DVD group (p < 0.05). RWMA improvement was more frequent in DVD patients (68% vs. 54%, p = 0.093). Functionally, 90% of DVD patients achieved NYHA Class I/II status compared to 76% in the TVD group. Rehospitalization, postoperative atrial fibrillation, and in-hospital mortality were numerically lower in the DVD group, though not statistically significant. Conclusion: Patients with double vessel disease demonstrated superior early recovery of left ventricular function and more favorable clinical outcomes following OPCABG compared to those with triple vessel disease
Synthesis, Anticancer Activity and Molecular Docking of Quinazolinedione derivatives
Get PDFA new series of quinazolinidione–amide derivatives (B1–B5) was synthesized through a two-step procedure involving palladium-catalyzed cyclization followed by amide coupling with substituted anilines. The structures of the synthesized compounds were confirmed using spectroscopic techniques such as ¹H NMR and LCMS, and their purity was validated through elemental analysis. The anticancer activity of the compounds was evaluated in vitro against the MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line using the Sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay. Among the tested derivatives, B3 and B5 exhibited significant cytotoxicity, with IC₅₀ values of 9.1 µg/mL and 10.2 µg/mL, respectively, compared to standard drugs Doxorubicin and Erlotinib. Molecular docking studies were conducted using AutoDock Vina to predict protein–ligand interactions with the target receptor (PDB ID: 1M17). The results revealed strong binding affinities for all synthesized compounds, with B5 displaying the highest docking score (–9.9 kcal/mol). Consistent hydrophobic and hydrogen-bonding interactions were observed across the series. Overall, the integrated synthetic, biological, and computational findings suggest that compounds B3 and B5 are promising candidates for further development as anticancer agents
Public Health Implications of Escherichia coli Contamination in Powdered Soybean
Get PDFIn Nnewi South, Anambra State, a concerning health issue arises from the consumption of powdered soybean, a staple food in the region, which may be contaminated with Escherichia coli (E. coli). This bacterium can cause a spectrum of health problems, ranging from mild gastrointestinal symptoms to severe life-threatening conditions. This study focused on the health impact of ES isolated from powdered soybean in Nnewi South. In Nnewi South, Anambra State, powdered soybean, a staple food, poses a health risk due to potential E. coli contamination, which can cause mild gastrointestinal symptoms to life-threatening conditions, prompting this study on its health impact. This study investigated the presence and pathogenic potential of E. coli in soybean samples. Two hundred soybean samples were collected and screened for E. coli using microbiological techniques. Five E. coli strains (SEC470, V266, SUS9EC, O157:H7 SS52, and O157:H7 Sakai) were isolated and identified to the molecular level. The pathogenic potential of each strain was assessed in mice, which were orally administered 0.5 mL of inoculum (10⁸ cells/mL). The study revealed significant pathological signs, gross lesions, and decreased organ-body weight ratio in infected mice, particularly those infected with ECOHSS52 (E. coli O157:H7 strain SS52). The isolated E. coli strains exhibited reasonable pathogenic features, with ECOHSS52 being the most pathogenic. The findings highlight the potential health risk associated with consuming contaminated soybean products and emphasize the need for proper food handling and safety measures to prevent E. coli infections
Challenges Faced among Immunocompromised Patients of Hematological Cancers with Invasive Fungal Infection
Get PDFObjectives: Many acute hematological malignancies, including ALL and AML, have the Invasive Fungal Infection(IFI) as a side effect. The IFI raises hospital stays, treatment expenses, and the morbidity and mortality rate of primary diseases. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to determine the challenges faced by acute leukemia cases with Invasive fungal infection among hospitalized patients using clinical and laboratory records.
Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional observational hospital-based prospective study was conducted in our hospital for 6 months. The study included 50 patients with acute hematological malignancies who were admitted to the hospital. The data was entered into an Excel spreadsheet and analyzed using SPSS 29.0. The p-values were obtained using the Chi-square test when applicable.
Results:
Twenty-Two Invasive Fungal Infections (IFI) cases were reported among the 50 patients of our study. This correlate with 42% of IFI prevalence. Six (27.27%) of the overall IFI instances were patients with proven IFI, fourteen (63.3%) had probable IFI, and two (9.09%) had possible IFI. There were differences in IFI by sex and age. Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) had a greater prevalence of IFI (47.86 %) than those with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) (37.03%).
Conclusion:
It is evident from the current study that IFI affected AML patients more than it did ALL patients. Invasive non-Albicans candidiasis exacerbated both types, but the AML group experienced more cases. The lungs of both groups were affected followed by bloodstream
A Prospective Observational and Comparative Study on Social Determinants and Fetomaternal Outcome between Teenage Primigravida and Adult Primigravida at Government Headquarters Hospital Cuddalore
Get PDFOBJECTIVES: Pregnancy complications and unsafe abortions are the leading causes of death among the adolescent girls. Teenage pregnancies are strongly impacted by factors such as low socioeconomic level, poor education and family type. In order to compare the mother and fetal outcomes of teenage primigravida with those of adult primigravida, our study aims to identify the societal factors that contribute to teenage pregnancy.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was a Prospective observational and comparative study conducted among the Antenatal mothers who attended the outpatient and inpatient in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Government District Head Quarters Hospital, Cuddalore who satisfied the inclusion and exclusion criteria were enrolled. The maternal and fetal outcomes, education level, and socioeconomic variables were collected and analyzed.
RESULTS: This study was carried out among 360 antenatal women, categorized as Teenage and Adult Primigravida based on the age group(p<0.001). The education status of the antenatal mothers in the Teenage Primigravida group was comparatively less when compared to the Adult Primigravida group(p=0.005). The married teenage primigravida group had more frequent antenatal visits than married adult primigravida group(p<0.007). The Antenatal complications were 1.75 times more common in Teenage Primigravida group than Adult Primigravida group. Teenage Primigravida group had 1.625 times higher prevalence of LBW compared to Adult Primigravida group(p<0.001).
CONCLUSION: According to our study, the major factors that contribute to teenage pregnancy include consanguinity, joint family structure, low socioeconomic position, early age at marriage, inadequate education, and ignorance about contraception. Teenage primigravida had a greater rate of vaginal delivery than adult primigravida and the major maternal problems were maternal anemia, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, and premature labor
Assessment of Serum Vitamin B12 and Folate Deficiencies Among Anaemic and Non-Anaemic Postpartum Mothers in North India: A Cross-Sectional Study
Get PDFBackground: Postpartum Anemia is a significant public health issue in India. Vitamin B12 and folate deficiencies are prevalent among vegetarian populations and contribute to maternal Anemia and neonatal neural tube defects.
Objective: To assess and compare serum vitamin B12 and folate levels in Anaemic and non-anaemic postpartum mothers.
Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 420 postpartum mothers (210 Anaemic, 210 non-anaemic) at UPUMS, Saifai. Serum vitamin B12 and folate levels were measured and analyzed.
Results: Mean serum vitamin B12 and folate levels were significantly lower in Anaemic women compared to non-anaemic ones (p<0.05). A strong association was observed between low serum vitamin levels and clinical symptoms, including fatigue, paresthesia, and pallor.
Conclusion: Deficiencies of vitamin B12 and folate are significantly associated with postpartum Anemia and related symptoms. Routine screening and supplementation should be considered to mitigate complications in mothers and neonates.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.52783/jchr.v15.4.894
Perception of Dental Healthcare Professionals towards Sterilization and Disinfection Protocol for Intraoral Scanners
Get PDFIntraoral Scanners are now used in many areas of dentistry like any other intra oral digital instruments example- apex locators, intraoral cameras. Their use is expecting to increase further in the next decade. However, the Center for disease control and prevention (CDC) consider these as semi-critical complex instruments, these devices must be treated with heat or if, they are heat sensitive, they must be subjected to high level disinfectant. Their correct procedure thus remains questionable.
Through this article, we present a survey to assess the awareness among the dental health professionals towards intraoral scanners.
Aim- The aim of this study was to evaluate the awareness among dentists and dental laboratories towards the sterilization and disinfection of intraoral scanners.
Methodology- we prepared a close ended questionnaire having 13 questions using “Google Forms” and distributed it among the participants across the country. The data collected was analyzed by using SPSS (statistical package for social services) version 21.0 software.
Result- out of 620, total of 86 responses were received. Nearly 70% of the participants stated that they were aware of the sterilization process of intraoral scanners and stated that they use disposable sleeves along with the scanners. 67% of the participants advice their patients to use mouthwash before the scan. 48.2% of the participants think that using alcohol based disinfectant is sufficient in meeting the minimum basic standards for sterilization.
Conclusion- The risk of cross contamination do exist with the intraoral scanners as they come in contact with the skin, saliva, mucous membrane. Proper sterilization method recommended by the manufacturer must be considered while using these instruments. Single use disposable sleeve must be used wherever possible
A Case Series Exploring the Paradox of Teeth as Both a Vital Tool and a Potential Harm
Get PDFBackground
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a major public health burden, especially in the Indian subcontinent, where it ranks as the second most common cancer. While tobacco and alcohol use remain dominant risk factors, a growing number of cases in habit-free individuals point toward other overlooked etiologies—most notably, chronic mucosal trauma from sharp teeth or defective prostheses.
Objective
This case series aims to explore the underrecognized link between persistent dental trauma and the development of OSCC in patients without conventional risk factors, emphasizing the role of routine dental examination in early detection and prevention.
Methods
Three female patients, aged between 34 and 53 years, presented with lesions on the lateral border of the tongue. None had a history of tobacco or alcohol use. All reported a history of chronic irritation from sharp teeth or dental restorations near the lesion site. Clinical evaluation, imaging, and histopathological examination confirmed OSCC in each case.
Results
The lesions ranged from 2 × 1 cm to 2 × 2 cm, all localized to the lateral tongue—an area particularly susceptible to trauma. Two patients are undergoing multimodal treatment including surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Importantly, all cases lacked habit-related risk factors, strengthening the hypothesis of trauma-induced carcinogenesis.
Conclusion
These cases underscore the importance of considering chronic dental trauma as a significant co-factor in OSCC pathogenesis, particularly among non-smokers. A routine check for sharp cusps and mucosal trauma should be integral to every dental examination. As this series demonstrates, early recognition of seemingly minor injuries can prevent life-threatening outcomes reaffirming that the most advanced form of treatment remains prevention
Assessment of Neck Circumference and Lipid Profile in Subjects with Polycystic Ovary Syndromes
Get PDFBackground: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common hormonal disorder in women of reproductive age, often linked to obesity and abnormal lipid levels. Neck circumference (NC) has become a straightforward, non-invasive anthropometric indicator of upper-body fat and metabolic risk. This research sought to evaluate changes in NC and lipid profiles in women with PCOS and investigate their relationship.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was executed with 40 women diagnosed with PCOS and 40 age-matched controls without PCOS. Anthropometric measurements, such as body mass index (BMI), neck circumference (NC), waist circumference (WC), and hip circumference (HC), were documented. Lipid profiles after fasting-including total cholesterol (CHOL), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) were assessed.
Results: Although age was not significantly differ across groups (p-value = 0.54), women with PCOS displayed notably higher BMI (p-value = 0.03), NC (p = 0.00), WC (p-value =0.00), and HC (p-value = 0.00). Analysis of lipid profiles showed markedly increased levels of CHOL, TG, LDL, and VLDL (all p-value = 0.00) and decreased HDL (p-value = 0.00) in women with PCOS compared to controls. In the PCOS group, NC exhibited a notable positive correlation with TG (r = 0.38, p-value = 0.02) and VLDL (r = 0.38, p-value = 0.02), but did not show any correlation with CHOL, HDL, or LDL.
Conclusion: Women with PCOS show greater neck circumference and a poorer lipid profile than those without PCOS. The positive relationship between NC and TG and VLDL indicates that NC could act as a potential screening method for dyslipidemia in PCOS, necessitating additional research in larger groups.