Journal of Chemical Health Risks (Islamic Azad University, Iran)
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Role of Platelet Concentrates in Periodontal Regeneration: A review
Get PDFPlatelet concentrates, including Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP), Platelet-Rich Fibrin (PRF), and Concentrated Growth Factor (CGF), have emerged as promising adjuncts in periodontal regeneration due to their ability to enhance tissue healing and regeneration. These autologous biomaterials, derived from a patient’s own blood, are rich in growth factors, cytokines, and platelets that play a crucial role in wound healing, tissue repair, and cellular regeneration. In periodontal therapy, platelet concentrates are used to promote regeneration of both soft and hard tissues, offering significant benefits in treating periodontal defects, bone loss, and gingival recession.
The role of platelet concentrates in periodontal regeneration is attributed to their ability to stimulate cellular activities such as proliferation, differentiation, and angiogenesis, which are essential for tissue repair and regeneration. PRP and PRF have been widely utilized in periodontal surgeries, including guided tissue regeneration (GTR), bone grafting, and soft tissue augmentation. These concentrates enhance the healing of periodontal defects, improve bone regeneration, and reduce inflammation, leading to faster recovery and better clinical outcomes.
Research has shown that platelet concentrates contribute to increased bone volume, improved attachment levels, and enhanced gingival tissue regeneration in periodontal treatments. Their minimal invasiveness, autologous nature, and ease of preparation make them a cost-effective and safe alternative to synthetic regenerative materials. The application of platelet concentrates represents a significant advancement in regenerative periodontal therapy, offering promising results for long-term improvements in periodontal health and patient outcomes
Tri-Immune Phasic Periodontal Therapy: A Regenerative, Non-Invasive Strategy for Periodontal Treatment
Get PDFIntroduction: Periodontal diseases result from a complex interaction between pathogenic bacteria and the host immune system, leading to inflammation and destruction of supporting tooth structures. Conventional treatments often involve surgical interventions, which can be invasive and may not promote optimal tissue regeneration.
Objective: This review highlights the concept and clinical application of Tri-Immune Phasic Periodontal Therapy (TIP), a novel, non-surgical approach designed to stimulate natural healing and regeneration through immune modulation.
Methods: TIP therapy follows a structured protocol comprising three key phases: immune readiness, defense, and regeneration. Key components of the therapy include bacterial DNA testing to identify pathogens, a single-session bone treatment (BOST) using a stretch flap technique to access deep pockets without incisions, occlusal force correction, and reinforcement of oral hygiene through aerobic cleaning techniques. Nutritional support and lifestyle modification are also integral to the therapy.
Results: TIP therapy promotes healing by minimizing trauma and enhancing the body\u27s natural repair mechanisms. The BOST method improves access to affected areas without tissue incision, supporting a stronger attachment and reduced recurrence. Immune modulation and host-supportive measures help shift the body from a defensive to a regenerative state, resulting in improved clinical outcomes.
Conclusion: TIP offers a promising alternative to traditional periodontal therapies by combining minimally invasive techniques with biological healing principles. Further clinical research is needed to establish its long-term effectiveness, but early evidence suggests TIP may enhance patient comfort, recovery, and periodontal stability
Bibliometric Visualisation Analysis of 20 Years of Research on Rehabilitation in Osteoarthritis Based on the Pubmed Database
Get PDFIntroduction: Osteoarthritis (OA) is quite a prevalent musculoskeletal condition in which rehabilitation is often considered as the first line of treatment. With the advancement of healthcare and enhanced life span as well as the prevalence of obesity, the burden of OA as a public health concern is increasing, necessitating a thorough research in the field. Despite its widespread occurrence, rehabilitation in OA is still a contentious subject.
Objectives: The objective of the present study is to quantitatively analyze trends in OA rehabilitation publications over the past 20 years.
Methods: Relevant literature on rehabilitation in OA from the PubMed database was searched and bibliometric and visualization analyses using biblioshiny in R-Studio and VOSviewer (version 1.6.20) was conducted. A total of 998 documents were retrieved from the Pub Med database from 2005 to 2025, to highlight the current state, key focuses, and trends in rehabilitation in OA.
Results: The most relevant journals were found to be “Osteoarthritis and Cartilage” and the “BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders”. Australia and the United were the most influential countries, and the most active institute was the University of Sydney and Royal North Shore Hospital. Author analysis revealed that Benell K L, Hinman R S, made the highest contributions. Clustering analysis of the keywords found that important research priorities were “exercise,” “knee osteoarthritis,” and “rehabilitation” reflecting the basis of research in the field. Research related to rehabilitation in OA has grown markedly in the past two decades. While pain was a consistently dominant research focus, other topics that gained more attention during this time period were OA in females and knee osteoarthritis.
Conclusions: The findings of this study provides a context for analyzing strengths and gaps in the current state of research in this field, and for informing a comprehensive strategy for further advancing the field
Prevalence and Clinical Profile of Urinary Tract Infection among Patients in Tertiary Care Hospital
Get PDFBACKGROUND: UTI is a condition in which one or more than one part of the urinary system becomes infected. UTI is the most common of the bacterial infections. It is mainly caused by gram negative bacteria like E. Coli, Klebsiella and pseudomonas aeruginosa. The risk factors of UTI includes diabetes, menopause, use of SGLT-2 inhibitors, renal stone, etc. and the recurrence of UTI can be controlled by assessing these risk factors. Diabetes mellitus is a clinical syndrome characterized by hyperglycaemia caused by absolute or relative deficiency of insulin. Diabetic patients have a higher incidence of UTI than non-diabetic patients, with a higher severity UTI which can be a cause of complications ranging from dysuria to organ damage and sometimes even can cause complicated UTI. The severity of UTI among patients was also compared using RUTISS, which helps in detecting the quality of life.
AIM AND OBJECTIVES: To compare the prevalence of UTI in diabetes mellitus and non-diabetes mellitus patients. The Objectives is to compare the prevalence of UTI, to describe the prescription pattern for UTI, to assess the risk factors of UTI, to detect the effect of hypoglycaemia agents in UTI, to evaluate the quality of life in UTI patients and to assess the effect of UTI in DM and non-DM patients.
METHOD: A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted in general medicine, gynaecology, paediatrics, surgery and MOS departments of a 450 bedded tertiary care hospital and the study was carried out for a period of 6 months. 110 patients were included in the study. We took around 1300 of total patient for the calculation of prevalence of UTI among them. The data were collected using the data entry form, informed consent form and survey form (RUTISS). The documented data were analysed by graphical and statistical methods.
RESULT: A total of 110 patients with UTI were included in the study. The study patients were comprised of 40 males and 70 females. The prevalence of UTI were analysed among diabetic and non-diabetic patients and the diabetic patients shown more prevalent among them. The quality of life was also assessed using RUTISS and it showed that the severity of UTI were negatively associated with diabetes mellitus. The study also shows that the diabetes is the main risk factor for UTI and the hypoglycemic agent SGLT-2 Inhibitors play an important role in developing it. Piperacillin/tazobactam and cefperazone/sulbactam are the most commonly prescribed antibiotics in the study.
CONCLUSION: The study provides a baseline data on the UTI among diabetic and non-diabetic patients. UTI has a higher prevalence in patients with DM. With increasing incidence of DM and the complications such as UTI; our health care system requires appropriate screening and treatment options. Diabetes is seen to be the main risk factors in UTI. So, the recurrence of UTI was higher among diabetic patients
Role of Hyperbilirubinemia as a New Diagnostic Tool to Predict Gangrenous, Perforated Appendicitis, and Appendicular Abscess an Observational Study
Get PDFAppendicitis remains one of the most prevalent surgical emergencies globally, with a lifetime risk estimated at 8.6% in males and 6.7% in females. Although the diagnosis of appendicitis primarily relies on clinical evaluation, imaging studies, and laboratory tests, its accurate and timely identification, particularly in complicated forms like gangrenous, perforated appendicitis, or appendicular abscess, continues to present a clinical challenge. The identification of reliable biomarkers capable of aiding early recognition of severe forms of appendicitis is an ongoing pursuit in the field of surgical medicine. Hyperbilirubinemia, characterized by elevated levels of bilirubin in the blood, has been established as a potential marker in various pathological conditions. Recent studies have suggested its potential utility as a diagnostic tool in differentiating various intra-abdominal pathologies, including acute appendiciti
The Value of Routine Ultrasound in the First and Second Trimester of Pregnancy
Get PDFBackground: Routine obstetric ultrasound during early pregnancy has transformed prenatal care by improving gestational dating accuracy, identifying fetal and maternal abnormalities, and enhancing perinatal outcomes. Early assessment is critical for optimal management, particularly in high-risk pregnancies. This study evaluated the clinical utility of routine ultrasonography at initial antenatal visits during the first and second trimesters.
Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted at the Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh, from December 2005 to June 2006. A total of 203 pregnant women in their first or second trimester attending their initial antenatal clinic visit were enrolled. Examinations included obstetric history, physical examination, and ultrasound scan. Gestational age, fetal viability, number of fetuses, anatomical abnormalities, and clinical findings were recorded. Data were analyzed using SPSS.
Results: Of 203 participants, 194 (95.57%) had viable pregnancies. Significant findings were detected by ultrasound in 130 cases (64.04%), including missed abortion (2.96%), molar pregnancy (0.98%), ectopic pregnancy (0.49%), and multiple gestations (4.43%). Discrepancies between menstrual and ultrasound dating occurred in 47.78% of cases. 72.22% of women with certain LMPs had ultrasound dates earlier than the reported LMP. Physical examination detected only 29.23% of abnormalities confirmed by ultrasound.
Conclusion: Routine ultrasound at first antenatal visit provides critical diagnostic information, improves gestational dating accuracy, and identifies potentially life-threatening conditions early. Integrating early ultrasonography into routine prenatal care can enhance maternal and fetal outcomes.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.52783/jchr.v15.i3.853
Occurrence and Biodegradation of Pharmaceutical Compound by Using Bacterial Consortium in Urban Lake of Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
Get PDFPharmaceutical contaminants are emerging concern, as they are detected in many aquatic systems throughout the world because of their effects on biota and water quality criteria. The main source of contamination includes raw and treated pharmaceutical effluents, hospital waste, and excretion by livestock treated with antibiotics. The continuous exposure to pharmaceuticals increases the emergence of resistant bacterial strains which in turn cause unpredictable effects on human and animal. Hence, the present study evaluates the concentration of pharmaceutical compounds in the urban lake of Madurai city, Tamil Nadu, India and its biodegradation using bacterial consortium. The presence of pharmaceutical compounds were detected from water, sediment and fish samples by solid phase extraction cartridge (strata C18/X) and HPLC techniques. Three different drugs such as ciprofloxacin, ranitidine and sulfamethazole were detected in the samples and high levels of these compounds (43µg/L, 900 µg/L and 30 µg/L) were observed in fish, Channa punctata when compared to other samples. Two isolates, Bacillus sp., and Clostridium sp., were obtained from the sediment samples. Inhibition method was adopted to assess efficacy of the two isolates, as consortium, in degrading the pharmaceutical compounds. The consortium showed a maximum dégradationsof 43.57% after 28th day of incubation
First trimester Serum Uric Acid levels in predicting Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A hospital based longitudinal follow-up study
Get PDFBackground: Elevated serum uric acid levels have been associated with insulin resistance, hypertension, and metabolic syndrome, conditions that share common pathophysiological mechanisms with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).
Objectives: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of first trimester serum uric acid levels in predicting Gestational Diabetes Mellitus.
Methods: This was a longitudinal follow-up study conducted in the Department of Biochemistry and Obstetrics & Gynaecology, of a tertiary teaching healthcare facility in South India.
Results: The study enrolled 400 women with single live intrauterine pregnancy up to 14 weeks of gestation; 74.5% were between 21 and 30 years of age. Nearly two third patients were multigravida (62.5%); 36.7% were overweight, and 14.5% were obese. The mean (SD) levels of uric acid was 3.3 (0.9); 47.7% had serum uric acid levels >3.2 mg/dl. Serum uric acid levels were significantly (p<0.05) elevated among overweight and obese women. Of the 400 women, 149 women (37.3%) had GDM on follow-up. Patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) had significantly higher mean uric acid levels (3.8 mg/dl) compared to those without GDM (2.9 mg/dl). 65.8% of GDM patients had uric acid levels ≥3.2 mg/dl, versus 37.1% without GDM, a statistically significant difference. Serum uric acid levels showed a mild to moderate positive correlation with fasting, one-hour, and two-hour postprandial blood glucose in both first and second OGTT. First-trimester serum uric acid levels predicted GDM with 68.4% sensitivity, 74.2% specificity, 53.5% positive predictive value, 84.4% negative predictive value, and 72.4% overall diagnostic accuracy at a cutoff of ≥3.2 mg/dl.
Conclusion: Early pregnancy serum uric acid levels could potentially serve as a valuable biomarker for identifying women at higher risk for GDM, thereby allowing for earlier interventions and improved management of pregnancy outcomes
Periodontal Plastic Surgery of Multiple Recession Defect Sites Using “Novel Non Cross Linked Porcine Dermal Matrix” - By Coronal Advancement- A Case Report.
Get PDFBackground:
Palatal tissue grafts are contemplated to be the benchmarks. However, it is associated with many complications like need for the donor-site surgical procedure, technical difficulty and bleeding from the palate along with anatomical limitations, to overcome these, this article reports the coverage of multiple recession defects using “Non Cross Linked Porcine Native Dermal Matrix” (Collprotect® membrane).
Methods:
A 35year old patient named Mr. Narendra reported to the out patient Department of Periodontology, Government Dental College, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, with multiple recessions on the left maxillary quadrant. The recession sites were treated with porcine dermal matrix (Collprotect® membrane) by coronally advanced flap technique.
Results:
The surgery was well tolerated by the patient. At the final follow up, (after I year from baseline), a significant gain in attachment levels with complete root coverage was achieved. The membrane showed positive results and healed without any complications, providing excellent colour matching. Thus, the patient was highly satisfied.
Conclusion:
This porcine dermal matrix (Collprotect® membrane), provided good compatibility and healed by minimal morbidity. It is highly advantageous to those patients who are contraindicated for harvesting connective tissue grafts from the palate like narrow palate and cleft patients.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.52783/jchr.v15.i3.865
Lifestyle Influences on Total Body Composition in Overweight Children from South India
Get PDFBackground:
India is witnessing a dual burden of malnutrition, with rising childhood obesity coexisting with undernutrition. Conventional measures like BMI are limited in accurately assessing adiposity, especially in growing children. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) offers a more precise evaluation of fat distribution and body composition. This study assessed DEXA-derived adiposity metrics and their associations with behavioral factors in overweight South Indian children aged 5–12 years.
Methods:
A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary care center in South India over 12 months. Forty-three overweight children were recruited based on Indian Academy of Paediatrics BMI percentiles. DEXA scans measured Total Body Fat Percentage (TBFP), Fat-Free Mass Index (FFMI), and Android:Gynoid (A:G) fat ratio. Behavioral data on screen time, physical activity, and processed food intake were collected using structured questionnaires. Statistical analyses included chi-square tests and Pearson’s correlations.
Results:
Mean TBFP was 23.3% (SD = 3.6), with a mean A:G ratio of 1.06, indicating central adiposity. Screen time and processed food intake were significantly associated with higher TBFP (p = 0.006 and p = 0.007, respectively), while physical activity showed no significant association. Moderate positive correlation was found between processed food frequency and TBFP (r = 0.339, p = 0.050).
Conclusion:
DEXA-based evaluation revealed elevated central adiposity in overweight children, which may be underestimated by BMI. Dietary behaviors and screen time were stronger predictors of adiposity than physical activity. These findings underscore the need for targeted behavioral interventions and the integration of advanced body composition assessments in pediatric obesity screening