Journal of Chemical Health Risks (Islamic Azad University, Iran)
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A Prospective Observational Study on the Quality of Life in Patients with Chronic Liver Disease
Get PDFBackground: Chronic liver disease can have a profound negative impact on patients’ health related quality of life and well-being. The QOL of CLD patients was assessed using the World Health Organization quality of life-BREF questionnaire (WHOQOL-BREF) and short form (SF-36) questionnaire. The severity of the disease was assessed using Child-Pugh score and Model for End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score. Chronic liver disease significantly impacts patients\u27 quality of life, affecting physical, psychological, and social well-being. Understanding these impacts is crucial for developing effective management strategies to improve patient outcomes.
Aim: The aim of this study is to assess the quality of life of the patients with chronic liver disease.
Method: A prospective observational study was carried out in a 450 bedded tertiary care hospital by collecting data from patient case sheet and patient medication interview. The study subject involves 120 patients in general medicine, surgery departments with chronic liver disease.
Result: The quality of life in the patients with CLD were studied in 120 participants and found that 79% were males and 21% were females. Among the participants, 28% fell into the age group of 41-50. Notably, 60% of the population had a history of alcoholism. In SF-36 questionnaire, physical role (37.7%) was the lowest domain and physical health (39.6%) was found to lowest in WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire. The severity and prognosis of CLD and cirrhosis were evaluated using the Child Pugh score, with 8.3% classified as class C (high mortality) and 49.1% as class A (low mortality). Based on MELD scores, 3.3% of patients had scores between 30-39, indicating a higher need for liver transplantation, while 32.5% had scores of 9 or less, suggesting a lower need for transplantation. In addition to this a comparison study of different domains of SF-36 with Child Pugh score and MELD score revealed significant associations in domains such as physical functioning, pain, vitality, emotional role, and general health. Demographic variables showed a positive association with Child Pugh score and MELD score.
Conclusion: Chronic Liver Disease (CLD) is a progressive decline in liver function that significantly impacts an individual\u27s quality of life. CLD has a profound effect on the overall well-being of patients, resulting in a lower quality of life compared to those without the disease. Chronic liver disease profoundly affects patients\u27 quality of life, with disease severity, psychological well-being, and social support being pivotal factors. Multidisciplinary approaches that address both the medical and psychosocial aspects of CLD are essential for improving QoL in these patients. Further research should focus on developing and implementing targeted interventions to enhance the overall well-being of individuals with chronic liver disease
Compassionate Use of Drugs and India’s Status Viz Global Status During Pandemic COVID 19
Get PDFThe pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) continues to progress, with more than 103 million global cases and more than 2.2 million deaths as of February 2, 2021. While the world awaits the distribution of effective vaccines, a number of pharmacologic agents have been studied for treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the syndrome caused by SARS-CoV-2. favipiravir, tocilizumab, Remdesivir, a nucleotide analogue prodrug with in vitro effects against a broad array of RNA viruses,2-4 has received considerable attention. Clinical trials assessing the effectiveness of remdesivir have yielded conflicting results; have not included a sufficient number of patients from groups most affected by COVID-19, such as Black or Latinx individuals; and have not examined the coadministration of remdesivir with other drugs. Within a few months over a thousand clinical trials of potential treatments were launched By 29 April 2020, data from two completed trials and interim data from a third large trial were made available to regulators, in support of the use of remdesivir in patients with COVID-19
Serum Albumin and C-Reactive Protein Ratio as Predictors of Mortality in Critically Ill Children: A Prospective Observational Study at a Tertiary Care Centre
Get PDFIntroduction: Critically ill children admitted to Pediatric Intensive Care Units (PICU) have a high risk of mortality.Various prognostic scoring systems have been devised and validated in PICU. However, their applicability is precluded by the lack of resources, expensive laboratory parameters and unavailability of real time test results. There is a need to identify a simple, rapid, and readily accessible biomarker to predict prognosis of critically ill children at admission to the PICU.
Methods: We aimed to predict mortality in critically ill children using ratio of C-reactive protein [CRP] and serum albumin levels.
Prospective observational study was conducted in children [aged 1month to 12 years, of either sex], admitted to PICU.Serum albumin, CRP were measured to calculate the ratio and mortality was predicted using Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves.
Result: Among 116 study subjects, 41(35.34%) had respiratory system disorders, 23(19.83%) had CNS disorders, followed by 19 (16.38%) of sepsis. We observed a mortality of 18.1% among children studied, while 81.9% of children survived.
Conclusion: The CRP/Albumin ratio among non survivors was significantly greater as compared to survivors (15.3 vs 5.3, p-0.000)
A Study of Life Satisfaction, Quality of Life, Social Support of Transgender in Dividual in Tertiary Health Care Center in Eastern India.
Get PDFBackground: -Transgender is an umbrella term for persons whose gender identity, gender expression or behavior does not conform to that typically associated with the sex to which they were assigned at birth.
Aim of the study: The aim of the study was to evaluate the Life satisfaction, Quality of Life (QOL) & Social Support of Transgender individuals.
Objectives: To determine the relationship between life satisfaction and quality of life in transgender individuals.
To determine the relationship between quality of life and social support in transgender individuals.
To determine the relationships between life satisfaction and social support in transgender individuals.
Design: The present study is a cross-sectional community-based study of the transgender individuals.
Sample: For the present study, Snowball sampling was used. The sample was taken from community of Cuttack and nearby Cuttack, Odisha, India. A total no of 60 transgender participants were selected following inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Inclusion criteria: Person who has declared himself/herself as a transgenderAge range between 18 to 60 years, At least educated up to primary levelReady to give consent for being a part of the study
Exclusion criteria: Transgender with any chronic illness (neurology/physical/mental retardation/psychiatric illness)Not ready to give consent
Result: -The result of the present study concludes that there exists a significant positive correlation between life satisfaction and quality of life. It was also found that there is significant positive correlation between life satisfaction and all the domains of quality of life i.e., physical, psychological, environmental and social. Which means life satisfaction is directly proportional to changes in quality of life.
Conclusion: The present study concludes that there is a statistically significant positive correlation between life satisfaction and quality of life in transgender individuals. Similarly, life satisfaction is also significantly correlated with social support, and quality of life is positively correlated with social support. This means that higher social support can improve both the life satisfaction and quality of life of transgender individuals. The study highlights the urgent need for awareness, education, and policy-level changes to improve the lives of transgender people and reduce the discrimination they face. Social and psychological interventions are essential for the well-being of this marginalized community. Mental health professionals, social workers, and policymakers should collaborate to design inclusive programs and support services tailored to the needs of transgender individuals, promoting their overall well-being and dignity in society
Unlocking Cognitive Potential: Validating Multiple-Choice Assessments for Higher-Order Cognitive Skills in Medical Education
Get PDFBackground: Designing reliable and valid written assessments to test higher-order cognitive skills—especially clinical problem-solving—remains a challenge in medical education. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of multiple-choice questions (MCQs) in assessing different levels of cognitive learning by applying statistical validation methods.
Methodology: Conducted in 2025 at the Department of Biochemistry, Burdwan Medical College, Burdwan, the study involved second-semester undergraduate medical students. MCQs were developed based on clearly defined educational objectives and categorized according to the level of cognitive skill they intended to assess: recall, data interpretation, and problem-solving. All questions underwent peer review to ensure quality. A total of 50 MCQs were used, 25 targeting recall, 15 on data interpretation, and 10 designed to test problem-solving.
Results: Each item was analyzed for difficulty, discrimination, and distractor effectiveness. The average percentage of correct responses was 80 % for recall, 52.9% for data interpretation, and 39.6 % for problem-solving questions. Statistical analysis using the Chi-square test revealed no significant difference between these scores, indicating that the MCQs were effective across different cognitive levels, including higher-order thinking.
Conclusion: Properly designed and peer-reviewed MCQs can serve as reliable tools for evaluating not just factual knowledge but also higher-level cognitive skills like interpretation and problem-solving in medical students
Development of Women Entrepreneurship in Urban Areas of Delhi NCR Region: Opportunities and Challenges
Get PDFThe development of women entrepreneurship in urban areas, particularly within the Delhi-NCR region, represents a critical dimension of economic growth and social empowerment. This study aims to explore the opportunities and challenges faced by women entrepreneurs in this densely populated and dynamic metropolitan area. Utilizing a structured sampling method, the research gathered data from 250 women entrepreneurs across various sectors, including technology, retail, and service industries within Delhi’s urban landscape. The findings reveal a multifaceted environment that encapsulates both encouraging prospects and significant obstacles.
Key opportunities identified include the increasing access to financial support through micro-finance institutions and government initiatives aimed at promoting women-led businesses. The rise of digital platforms has also opened new avenues for women entrepreneurs to reach broader markets and create scalable businesses. Additionally, a supportive network of women’s associations and mentorship programs has been instrumental in facilitating knowledge sharing and skill development.
However, the study also uncovers substantial challenges, including societal norms and familial pressures that often hinder women\u27s entrepreneurial ambitions. Issues such as limited access to venture capital, lack of business training, and inadequate infrastructure further complicate the entrepreneurial landscape for women in urban Delhi-NCR. The research highlights the necessity for targeted policies that address these barriers while fostering the entrepreneurial spirit among women.
This paper concludes by offering a framework for stakeholders, including policymakers, educational institutions, and non-governmental organizations, to enhance the ecosystem for women entrepreneurs in the region. Promoting gender-inclusive practices in entrepreneurship can lead to a more sustainable and diversified economic landscape. This research underscores the importance of recognizing and addressing the unique needs of women entrepreneurs, thereby contributing to the broader discourse on gender and economic development. 
Comparing the Removal of Intracanal Medicament from Root Canal System using Four Different Irrigation Techniques: A Systematic Review
Get PDFIntroduction: To eliminate intracanal calcium hydroxide (Ca[OH]2) medication from root canal, this systematic review compared the results of in vitro experiments using needle irrigation, ultrasonic irrigation, sonic irrigation, and laser activated irrigation techniques.
Methods: The population, intervention, comparison, and outcome strategies were taken into consideration when developing the research question. Cochrane, PubMed, Google Scholar, Ebsco, and Embase were searched for relevant material using a computer. To find pertinent articles, a random search of the identified papers\u27 reference lists was done. The studies that meeting the inclusion criteria were evaluated critically by two reviewers. Both reviewers conducted separate assessments of the studies\u27 risk of bias. A manual search using online resources was also carried out. To find further publications that satisfied the study\u27s eligibility requirements, cross-reference lists of the selected studies were examined.
Results: Following study selection, 4093 publications were found using a database search; 161 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility. After fulfilling the inclusion requirements, eight of them were added to the systematic review. Because of the significant variation in the methods, a meta-analysis was not practical. The screening process was conducted by two reviewers. The first step was evaluating the publications based on their titles and abstracts. After that, full-text papers were obtained for further assessment to ensure they met the study\u27s specifications.
Conclusions: We came to the conclusion that it did not have any statistically significant difference between the root canal and the removal of the CH based on the available data (P>0.05). The capacity to remove intracanal medicines was highest with SWEEPS and lowest with syringe-needle irrigation (P<0.05). The intracanal medicament could not be entirely removed using any method. SWEEPS technology fared better than the sonic and ultrasonic systems in terms of removing intracanal medicines. Due to the limitations, small number of studies, and sample sizes, findings are needed additionally
Traditional Knowledge and Ethnobotany of Teucrium polium L. and Salvia officinalis L. in Tiaret Province (Western Algeria)
Get PDFOur ethnobotanical study, conducted in Tiaret province, highlights the importance of traditional phytotherapy and describes the medicinal virtues of Teucrium polium L. and Salvia officinalis L. An ethnobotanical survey has been conducted by questioning the local population.
The results of our survey revealed that 53% of the study population originate from the the village of Chehaima and they have used the two species as medicinal plants 71% of the respondents were women, and 37% were aged between 35 and 50 years. The two studied plants were more commonly used byilliterates (55%). 82% of the questioned people had not a stable profession at the survey time. professions of the surveyed population are the most used of germander and sage with a percentage of.
Germander (Teucrium polium L.) is made as an herbal tea by infusion of a spoonful of the whole dried plant, and administred orally for numerous digestive diseases treatment e.g. On the other hand, the most common traditional method to the sage (Salvia officinalis L.) preparation is herbal tea made up by the infusion of a spoon or a handle of the dried leaves or the whole plant and administered orally also for digestive diseases treatment. Our Plants have very significant medicinal properties especially for digestive diseases
Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio, Monocyte to Lymphocyte Ratio, Platelet to Lymphocyte Ratio as Predictors of Outcome in Children with Lower Respiratory Tract Infection
Get PDFBackground: Lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) are a leading cause of emergency admissions in pediatric patients. Timely diagnosis and intervention is crucial in reducing the associated morbidity and mortality. This study evaluates the diagnostic and prognostic value of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), monocyte to lymphocyte ratio (MLR), and platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR) in pediatric LRTI cases.
Objectives: To determine whether NLR, MLR, and PLR serves as reliable early biomarker for lower respiratory infections and to evaluate their correlation with microbiological findings.
Methods: A Retrospective observational study was conducted in the pediatric in-patient/Out-patient department. A total of 194 episodes from 175 patients with LRTI were compared against 50 control cases. Hematological parameters and sputum cultures were analyzed. Statistical analyses included chi-square, Mann-Whitney U, and ROC curve evaluations.
Results: Significantly elevated NLR, MLR, and PLR values were observed in the study group compared to controls (p<0.001). Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Haemophilus influenzae were the most frequently isolated pathogens. Elevated ratios correlated with microbiological findings, reinforcing their diagnostic utility.
Conclusion: NLR, MLR, and PLR are effective early markers for LRTI diagnosis and severity assessment. These parameters may guide antibiotic decision-making, particularly when sputum samples are unavailable
A Study on Quality of Life, Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Status Associated with Clinical and Biochemical Parameters in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients on Hemodialysis
Get PDFBackground: Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is an emerging non-communicable disease of publi health importance. Oxidative stress (OS) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular deat and CKD patients are at increased risk of both OS and cardiovascular death. Among the many chroni diseases that affect the population, CKD is considered a pathology without expectation of the cure, wit rapidly and progressive evolution, triggering diverse reactions for patients and compromise the quality o life (QOL).
Methods: This cross sectional study consisted of 98 patients with CKD undergoing dialysis treatment i and CKD patients are at increased risk of both OS and cardiovascular death. Among the many chroni diseases that affect the population, CKD is considered a pathology without expectation of the cure, wit rapidly and progressive evolution, triggering diverse reactions for patients and compromise the quality o life (QOL).biochemical, clinical, anthropometric parameters and duration of dialysis collected from medic and CKD patients are at increased risk of both OS and cardiovascular death. Among the many chroni diseases that affect the population, CKD is considered a pathology without expectation of the cure, wit rapidly and progressive evolution, triggering diverse reactions for patients and compromise the quality o life (QOL).
Results: Age grouped a and CKD patients are at increased risk of both OS and cardiovascular death. Among the many chroni diseases that affect the population, CKD is considered a pathology without expectation of the cure, wit rapidly and progressive evolution, triggering diverse reactions for patients and compromise the quality o life (QOL).with TBA and CKD patients are at increased risk of both OS and cardiovascular death. Among the many chroni diseases that affect the population, CKD is considered a pathology without expectation of the cure, wit rapidly and progressive evolution, triggering diverse reactions for patients and compromise the quality o life (QOL).RS,SOD and similarly SBP lipid parameters at 0.01 and 0.05 levels by Pearson correlation (2-tailed).
Conclusions: Oxidative stress and CKD patients are at increased risk of both OS and cardiovascular death. Among the many chroni diseases that affect the population, CKD is considered a pathology without expectation of the cure, wit rapidly and progressive evolution, triggering diverse reactions for patients and compromise the quality o life (QOL).patients