Journal of Chemical Health Risks (Islamic Azad University, Iran)
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Design and Optimization of Green-Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles Functionalized with Folic Acid and Curcumin-HC for Targeted Breast Cancer Treatment
Get PDFIntroduction: Breast cancer remains a leading global health concern, with rising incidence and mortality rates. Conventional treatments face challenges like systemic toxicity and drug resistance, necessitating novel therapeutic strategies. This study explores a green-synthesized, folic acid-functionalized curcumin-silver nanoparticle system for targeted breast cancer therapy, enhancing drug bioavailability, therapeutic efficacy, and minimizing adverse effects.
Objectives: Developing green-synthesized, folic acid-functionalized curcumin-silver nanoparticles for targeted breast cancer therapy, enhancing bioavailability, efficacy, and reducing toxicity.
Methods: Houttuynia cordata roots were extracted using hydroalcoholic maceration. Green-synthesized AgNPs were prepared by mixing AgNO₃ with H. cordata extract. PEGylation was achieved via ligand exchange, followed by curcumin conjugation. Folic acid functionalization was conducted using EDC/NHS activation. Nanoparticles were characterized using UV-Vis, FT-IR, TEM, SEM, and zeta potential analysis. Drug loading, entrapment efficiency, and in-vitro curcumin release were evaluated. Cytotoxicity studies on MCF-7 cells included MTT assays and AO-EtBr dual staining for apoptosis detection.
Results: The study synthesized folic acid- and curcumin-functionalized silver nanoparticles (FA-Cur-Hc-AgNPs) using Houttuynia cordata extract. Characterization confirmed stability, efficient drug loading (72–94.12%), and pH-responsive curcumin release (73.32% at pH 5.5). FA-Cur-Hc-AgNPs exhibited cytotoxicity against MCF-7 cells, inducing apoptosis. These findings highlight their potential as a targeted nanotherapeutic for breast cancer treatment.
Conclusions: FA-Cur-Hc-AgNPs were successfully synthesized and functionalized, demonstrating stability, targeted delivery, and pH-responsive drug release. They exhibited potent cytotoxicity against MCF-7 cells, inducing apoptosis. These findings highlight their potential as a promising nanotherapeutic for breast cancer, suggesting further in-vivo studies.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.52783/jchr.v15.i2.788
Management of Large Periapical Lesions through Surgical And Non-Surgical Endodontic Treatment: A Case Series
Get PDFBackground: Periapical lesions are a common consequence of pulpal necrosis and microbial invasion, leading to chronic inflammation in the periapical tissues. While non-surgical root canal treatment (NSRCT) remains the primary approach, large periapical lesions or treatment failures often necessitate surgical intervention. Advances in periapical surgery, including apicoectomy and biocompatible root-end filling materials, have improved success rates. The choice between non-surgical and surgical endodontic management depends on lesion size, anatomical factors, and systemic conditions such as diabetes mellitus.
Aim: This case series aims to evaluate the clinical and radiographic outcomes of non-surgical and surgical management of large periapical lesions in different patient scenarios, including failed NSRCT and cases with systemic considerations.
Methods This study was conducted at the Postgraduate Institute of Dental Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, between November 2022 and August 2024. Four cases were included based on the presence of large periapical lesions diagnosed via (Cone beam computed tomography) CBCT and periapical radiographs. The cases were managed using NSRCT or periapical surgery, depending on clinical indications. Surgical interventions involved flap elevation, apicoectomy, curettage, and root-end filling with Mineral Aggregate Trioxide (MTA). All patients were followed up at 3, 6, and 12 months, with clinical and radiographic assessments of periapical healing and symptom resolution.
Results
Case 1 (NSRCT): Complete periapical healing was observed at 12 months.
Case 2 (Failed NSRCT with sinus tract): Periapical surgery led to successful healing, with sinus closure by 3 months.
Case 3 (Diabetic patient with multiple periapical lesions): Surgical intervention showed gradual bone regeneration, with healing at 12 months.
Case 4 (Previously treated tooth with a non-negotiable apical third): Surgical management resulted in resolution of symptoms and periapical healing.
Conclusion: Both non-surgical and surgical endodontic approaches were effective in managing large periapical lesions. NSRCT successfully resolved periapical pathology in one case, while surgical intervention was necessary in three cases with persistent infection or anatomical challenges. Systemic factors like diabetes must be considered when planning treatment.
Recommendations: Early CBCT evaluation improves diagnosis and treatment planning for large periapical lesions. While NSRCT should be the first-line approach, surgical intervention is necessary for persistent infections or anatomical challenges. Biocompatible root-end filling materials such as hydraulic calcium silicate cements (HCSC) enhance surgical success. Systemic conditions like diabetes must be considered, as they impact healing. Regular follow-ups are essential to monitor recovery and prevent recurrence. Future research should explore advanced biomaterials and surgical techniques for improved outcomes, especially in medically compromised patients
Study of Prevalence Iron Deficiency Anemia among Young Adults Age between 15-45 Years in Urban Area
Get PDFIron deficiency anemia (IDA) remains a critical public health concern, particularly in urban areas where lifestyle and dietary factors contribute significantly to its prevalence. This study aims to assess the overall prevalence of iron deficiency anemia among individuals aged 15 to 45 in an urban setting, focusing on various age subgroups within this young adult population. By analyzing data from a representative sample of urban residents, the research identifies the distribution and frequency of IDA, examines demographic and socioeconomic factors influencing its prevalence, and highlights any significant variations across different age brackets within the 15-45 age range. The findings are expected to provide valuable insights into the burden of IDA in urban environments and inform targeted interventions and public health strategies to mitigate its impact. The study employs a combination of clinical assessments, laboratory tests, and demographic surveys to ensure a comprehensive evaluation of the condition. Preliminary results indicate a notable prevalence of IDA, with variations that underscore the need for tailored preventive measures and public health policies addressing the specific needs of different age groups within the urban populatio
Comparison between Intramedullary and Extramedullary Fixation in Subtrochanteric Fractures
Get PDFBackground: Subtrochanteric femur fractures occur below the lesser trochanter, involving high stress and rotational forces, leading to healing challenges. Treatment often requires internal fixation devices, either intramedullary (e.g., Y-nail, TFN) or extra-medullary (e.g., Dynamic Hip Screw). Intramedullary fixation offers faster surgery, less blood loss, and better early mobilization outcomes.
Materials and methods: A longitudinal study was conducted in 52 patients with non- pathological subtrochanteric femur fractures, excluding open and peri-prosthetic fractures. Patients were divided into intramedullary (27) and extramedullary (25) implant groups. Surgical procedures, including reaming and fixation, were followed by post-operative care, physiotherapy, and functional assessments using Harris Hip Score. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS.
Results: The study involved 52 patients aged 20-82 years, with a mean age of 48.42 years. Most patients (44.23%) were between 40-60 years. Of the 52, 51.92% were male, and 46.15% had fractures due to RTAs. Intramedullary fixation showed significantly shorter surgery times and less blood loss compared to extramedullary fixation.
Discussion: Subtrochanteric femur fractures are challenging due to deforming forces and prolonged healing times. This study compared outcomes of intramedullary and extramedullary implant fixation. Of 52 patients, 51.92% were male, 53.85% had RTAs, and 44.22% had fractures classified as 3A or 2C. Intramedullary implants (PFN) had shorter surgery times, less blood loss, and a higher union rate (88.9%) compared to extramedullary implants (80%). Non-union occurred in 8 cases, with revision surgery recommended. Harris Hip Scores improved over time, with no significant differences between groups after 12 weeks.
Conclusion: The intramedullary implant group had shorter surgery duration, and less blood loss compared to the extramedullary group, which had a higher incidence of implant failure. Both fixation methods are effective for subtrochanteric femur fractures, with choice depending on fracture type and surgeon preference
A Prospective Study on the Functional Outcome of Mini Open Tenorrhaphy in Acute Achilles Tendon Ruptures
Get PDFBackground: Achilles tendon rupture is a common injury, particularly among athletes and physically active individuals. Various treatment options exist, with surgical intervention often preferred for better functional outcomes. Mini open tenorrhaphy is a technique that balances effective tendon repair with minimal surgical trauma.
Objective: To evaluate the functional outcomes of mini open tenorrhaphy in patients with acute Achilles tendon ruptures.
Methods: This prospective study assessed patients undergoing mini open tenorrhaphy for acute Achilles tendon rupture. Clinical evaluations included range of motion, strength, pain levels, and patient-reported outcomes using validated scoring systems. Postoperative rehabilitation protocols were followed, and complications, if any, were documented.
Results: The study demonstrated favorable functional outcomes in patients undergoing mini open tenorrhaphy, with lower complication rates and faster recovery compared to traditional open repair techniques. Most patients regained near-normal strength and mobility within six months postoperatively.
Conclusion: Mini open tenorrhaphy is an effective surgical approach for Achilles tendon ruptures, offering improved functional outcomes, reduced complications, and shorter rehabilitation periods. Further comparative studies are recommended to establish long-term efficacy
Cigarette Smoking Outcome Expectancies: A Study of University Students in India
Get PDFGlobally smoking is increasing among younger age groups and also among women. Younger the person starts smoking, severe are the consequences. Young adults who have high smoking outcome expectancies (SOE) can be potential smokers who need to be identified. The present research attempts to measure SOE in the university students in India and analyse the gender differences. A SOE scale was created with only positive expected outcomes of smoking cigarette and administered to college and university students. The reason to include only positive expected outcomes of smoking was to see the level of inclination towards smoking without being offset by the negative outcomes. The psychometric properties of the SOE scale were studied. Exploratory Factor Analysis was conducted along with correlation analysis. The sample of scholars studied had low SOE score indicating low outcome expectancy from smoking. There was no significant gender difference in SOE score. 
Comparative Evaluation of Effectiveness of Xylene and Acetate Containing Solvent in Dissolving Two Different Bioceramic Sealers: An In-Vitro Study
Get PDFIntroduction: Due to rising popularity of bioceramic sealers, there is an increasing demand for a solvent that is both efficient and safe for use in endodontic retreatment. However, there is limited information in the literature regarding the effectiveness of xylene and acetate-containing solvents in dissolving endodontic sealers.
Objectives: The study was aimed to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of xylene and acetate containing solvent in dissolving two different bioceramic sealers.
Methods: Standardized stainless steel molds were used to prepared the sixty samples (30 from each endodontic sealer). All samples were classified into Group I (CeraSeal) and Group II (MTA-Fillapex), with each group subsequently split into three subgroups according to immersion solution utilized. Ten samples from each group were immersed in a specific organic solvent for 2 minutes. Sample weight was recorded before and after immersion using a digital analytical scale.
Results: Amongst all groups, Group IIB (mta fillapex immersed in endosolv) shows the highest dissolution with (mean=0.065±0.0163) followed by Group IIA (mta fillapex immersed in xylen, mean=0,0426±0.024), Group IB (ceraseal immersed in endosolv, mean= 0.0074±0.009), Group IA (ceraseal immersed in xylene, mean=0.0038±0.009). Group IC (ceraseal immersed in distilled water, mean=0.0001±0.0001) and IIC (mta fillapex immersed in distilled water, mean=0.0002±0,0003) shows least dissolution with no significant difference between them.
Conclusions: Within the limitations of this study, an acetate-based solvent, demonstrated more effectiveness and they can use as an alternative to traditional solvents such as xylene
Assessing the Efficacy of Manual Versus Powered Toothbrushes with Modified Bass Technique in Visually Impaired Children using Audio-Tactile Performance (Atp) Technique
Get PDFBackground: To compare the effectiveness of Manual and Powered tooth brushes using the Modified Bass method in visually impaired children using the Audio Tactile Performance (ATP) technique.
Settings and design: Eighty children, aged 4 to 15, with visual disabilities and residing in institution, were selected randomly.
Methods: Baseline plaque scores were recorded using Silness & Loe plaque index. The subjects were randomly allocated into two groups: 40 participants were provided with manual soft-bristled toothbrushes and trained in the Modified Bass technique, while the other 40 used powered toothbrushes with the same method, incorporating the ATP technique. Plaque scores were re-evaluated after a 2-month period. The effectiveness of oral hygiene maintenance in these children were analysed and evaluated statistically.
Statistical analysis: To compare mean values between groups independent samples t-test is applied. To compare mean values between two time points paired t-test is applied. To compare proportions between groups Chi-Square test is applied.
Results: The difference in the plaque score before and after health education was statistically significant with a p value of <0.001 showing that both powered tooth brush and manual toothbrushes when used for toothbrushing using the Modified Bass method of toothbrushing was very effective in plaque removal in visually impaired children.
Conclusion: The Modified Bass method of tooth brushing, when performed with both powered and manual toothbrushes, proved highly effective in improving the oral hygiene of visually impaired children when taught using the ATP technique, an effective communication tool
Reconciling the Green Route for Amalgamation of Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles using Syzygium Cumini and Identifying their Potential Biomedical Application
Get PDFIntroduction: Nanotechnology has gained a lot of attention in biomedical and environmental applications due to its potential to enhance antimicrobial and antioxidative properties. Cerium Oxide nanoparticles have emerged as a promising candidate for their redox and ROS scavenging properties. The green synthesis of nanoparticles using plant extracts is an environmentally friendly and sustainable approach that reduces the use of toxic chemicals. Syzygium cumini, commonly known as Jamun, is rich in bioactive compounds with potent antioxidative and antimicrobial properties. Our study focuses on the synthesis of composite of Syzygium cumini seed extract and Cerium oxide nanoparticles (SC-CNP) and evaluates their properties.
Objectives: The primary objective is to synthesize and characterize the SC-CNP conjugate and then evaluate the free radical scavenging activity of the synthesized SC-CNP conjugate through SOD and H2O2 Scavanging assays and then assess the antimicrobial properties.
Methods: The SC-CNP conjugate synthesized by Soxhlet extraction of S. cumini seed extract conjugate with cerium oxide nanoparticles through continuous stirring. The physiochemical characterization of synthesized nanomaterial was done by UV-spectroscopy and Diffraction Light Scattering (DLS). The antioxidant activity was determined by Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) and Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2) scavenging assays. The antimicrobial efficacy of SC-CNP conjugates was evaluated using the broth dilution method against Escherichia coli (E. coli), with optical density (OD) measurements recorded at 600 nm.
Results. UV-VIS spectroscopy revealed the effective synthesis of SC-CNP conjugates, with an absorbance peak at 320 nm, suggesting the presence of Ce⁴⁺. The DLS research demonstrated an increase in hydrodynamic radius from 110 nm to 165 nm, indicating surface conjugation.SC-CNP conjugates outperformed bare CNPs (34.2%) and crude extract (16.57%) in terms of ROS scavenging activity, achieving 51.4% H₂O₂ degradation. Similarly, SC-CNP conjugates exhibited the greatest SOD mimetic activity (38.88%) when compared to bare CNPs (22.22%) and pure extract (7.4%). The antimicrobial assay showed that SC-CNP conjugates have higher antibacterial activity.
Conclusions: Through this study, we were successfully synthesized SC-CNP conjugates by using an eco-friendly green synthesis approach the synergistic enhancement of antimicrobial and antioxidative properties ensure the potential application of conjugates in biomedical and antimicrobial properties
Extracts of Lantana Camara Induced Toxicity and Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition Against Rice Pest Leptocorisa Oratorius.
Get PDFThe present study aims to find the toxicity of different extracts of Lantana camara against the rice pest, Leptocorisa oratorius. It also intends to evaluate the acetylcholinesterase inhibitory property of the most active extract under study. Contact toxicity studies showed that 15% of the ethanol extract showed a high mortality rate of 92%, followed by methanol and aqueous extracts. Toxicity increased in a dose-dependent manner.Likewise, the plant ethanol extract causes 87.25% inhibition of acetylcholine esterase activity in insect physiology. It was determined that the L.camara plant extract has substantial insecticidal properties and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory effect against L.oratorius