Journal of Chemical Health Risks (Islamic Azad University, Iran)
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Correlation of Serum Magnesium with Clinical Markers of Nephropathy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
No full textIntroduction: The type 2 diabetes mellitus clinical disease is typified by hyperglycemia, or elevated blood glucose levels, brought on by insufficient or ineffective (incompetent) insulin. The magnesium is the fourth most prevalent cation and has numerous essential biological functions, such as DNA synthesis and metabolism.
Objectives: The present study aimed to correlate the Serum Magnesium and Clinical Markers of Nephropathy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
Methods: The present study included 150 T2DM patients and 75 age, gender matched healthy controls, the T2DM cases classified into two groups based on their microalbumin levels. For all the patients routine biochemical, clinical and serum magnesium was analysed.
Results: The serum magnesium had shown significant reduced levels in patients with T2DM when compared to controls. These levels significantly negatively correlated with blood sugars, glycated haemoglobin, dyslipidaemia, urinary ACR and these levels positively correlated with HDL and GFR. The ROC curve analysis also shown the serum magnesium has significant at area under the curve, also has highest sensitivity and specificity than urinary ACR and eGFR.
Conclusions: This study suggests to monitor serum magnesium might be useful for to detect early onset of nephropathy in patients with T2DM and controls. 
Development of PMMA Monolith Impregnation with Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles for Bone Regeneration
No full textIntroduction: Bone regeneration in maxillofacial and orthopedic applications often requires biomaterials that mimic the structural and functional properties of natural bone. Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) is widely used in dentistry and orthopedics due to its biocompatibility and mechanical stability, while hydroxyapatite (HAp) offers excellent osteoconductive properties. However, HAp alone is brittle, limiting its use as a scaffold material. Incorporating HAp nanoparticles into a PMMA monolith may overcome these limitations and provide an effective scaffold for hard tissue regeneration.
Objectives: The study aimed to develop and characterize hydroxyapatite-infused PMMA monoliths and evaluate their morphology, elemental composition, and mechanical properties to determine their potential for bone regeneration applications..
Methods: PMMA (Mw 15,000) was dissolved in an ethanol–water mixture and combined with hydroxyapatite solution prepared via precipitation. The mixture was subjected to phase separation and freeze-drying to form monoliths. Morphological features were analyzed using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), elemental composition was confirmed by energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and elemental mapping, and compressive strength was measured using a universal testing machine following ASTM standards.
Results: FE-SEM analysis revealed highly porous structures with visible impregnation of hydroxyapatite particles within the PMMA matrix. EDS confirmed the presence of calcium and phosphorus, validating the successful infusion of HAp. Elemental mapping further demonstrated the distribution of these bioactive elements. Mechanical testing showed that the PMMA–HAp monoliths exhibited compressive strength up to 3 kN, indicating adequate stability for biomedical applications.
Conclusion: Hydroxyapatite-infused PMMA monoliths demonstrated favorable porosity, bioactive elemental composition, and sufficient compressive strength. These findings suggest that the fabricated composite scaffolds overcome the brittleness of HAp while retaining osteoconductive potential, making them a promising candidate for hard tissue regeneration in dental and orthopedic applications.
An Assesment of the Efficacy of Clotrimazole 1% In the Treatment of Fungal Infections in a Government Hospital in South India
No full textBackground: This study was carried out in order to assess the efficacy of Clotrimazole 1% cream ,a commonly used drug for the treatment of fungal infections, in a government hospital in South India.A total of 96 patients were included in the study,clotrimazole cream 1% was prescribed to all patients along with advice on cleanliness and clothing.A complete cure was seen in only 20% of the patient
Review on Scientific and Therapeutic Significance of Traditional Formulations in hair Cosmetics
No full textBackground: Traditional hair care formulations, rooted in cultural heritage, utilize natural ingredients known for promoting hair health, growth, and protection. Remedies from regions like China, India, Egypt, and Africa are recognized for their effectiveness, safety, and environmental sustainability.
Introduction: This review explores the scientific and therapeutic significance of traditional hair care formulas, highlighting their potential in improving hair quality and meeting the rising demand for natural, eco-friendly cosmetics.
Objectives: Lacinia at quis risus sed vulputate odio ut enim. Orci porta non pulvinar neque laoreet suspendisse interdum. Consequat mauris nunc congue nisi vitae suscipit. Morbi quis commodo odio aenean.
Methods: A comprehensive analysis of literature on ingredients such as coconut oil, amla, henna, aloe vera, bhringraj, shea butter, and argan oil was conducted. Their benefits for scalp nourishment, hair strengthening, and protection against damage are discussed alongside challenges like standardization, intellectual property rights, and regulatory barriers.
Results: Studies show traditional formulations enhance hair texture, promote growth, and offer reduced irritation compared to synthetic alternatives. Their biodegradable nature and local sourcing support environmental sustainability.
Conclusions: Traditional hair care products provide an effective, sustainable, and culturally valuable option in modern cosmetology. Ensuring quality control, ethical sourcing, and scientific validation will be key to their broader acceptance and integration into global markets
Biological And Immunological Effects of Ammi Visnaga Seeds on Diabetic Rats
No full textAmmi visnaga seeds have potential immune-modulating effects, where they increase white blood cell counts and enhance antibody production. The seeds also exhibit antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, which are key to a healthy immune response.
Aim: This study aimed to determine the biological and immune
logical effects of Ammi visnaga seeds on diabetic rats.
Materials and Methods: Thirty-six male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into normal (n=6) and diabetic (n=30). The second group was injected with streptozotocin (at a dose of 75 mg/ kg intraperitoneally), and those with blood glucose concentrations more than 250 mg/dL were classified as diabetic. Rats were divided into six groups, (1) non-diabetic group (n=6) received distilled water (2 mL/ day); (2) diabetic control group (n=6) received distilled water (2 mL/ day); (3) diabetic group (n=6) received basal diet +5% Ammi visnaga; (4) diabetic group (n=6) received basal diet +10% Ammi visnaga; (5) diabetic group (n=6) received basal diet +15% Ammi visnaga.(6) diabetic group (n=6) received a basal diet +20% Ammi visnaga. After 28 days, blood was collected, and serum was extracted to determine Blood Parameters ( RBC, Hgb, MCV, RDW, HCT, MCH , MCHC ,WBC, LYM)
Results: At the end of the experiment, the best group for WBC, LYM, PLT, MID & GRAN was that of the group 6 ( 20% Ammi visnaga).
Conclusion: Ammi visnaga seeds hold significant potential as a natural aid in boosting immune health and promoting overall well-being. These findings suggest that Ammi visnaga seeds may hold promise for developing new treatments for human diabetes
Distribution of High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Genotypes Among Histopathologically Diagnosed Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia
No full textBackground: Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) is a precursor of cervical carcinoma, predominantly caused by high-risk human papillomavirus (hr-HPV) infection. Genotype-specific data are essential for optimizing screening and vaccination strategies in resource-limited settings. This study aimed to determine the distribution of hr-HPV genotypes in histopathologically diagnosed CIN cases in Bangladeshi women.
Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Gynecological Oncology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, from April 2022 to March 2023. A total of 100 women aged 30–60 years with histopathologically confirmed CIN were enrolled. Cervical specimens were collected and analyzed using the Cobas 4800 PCR system to detect HPV 16, 18, and other hr-HPV types. Associations between HPV genotype, age group, and CIN grade were analyzed using the chi-square test.
Results: The mean age of the participants was 39.9 ± 7.2 years. HPV 16 was detected in 17%, HPV 18 in 3%, and other hr-HPV in 3% of women; two participants had mixed infections. Among the 76 CIN I cases, only one (1.3%) was hr-HPV-positive, whereas all CIN II (n = 11) and CIN III (n = 13) cases were hr-HPV-positive. The association between genotype and histopathological grade was statistically significant (P < 0.001).
Conclusion: HPV 16 is the most prevalent genotype in cervical precancerous lesions, particularly in high-grade CIN. Incorporating HPV genotyping into routine screening can enhance risk stratification and inform targeted vaccination policies for Bangladesh.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.52783/jchr.v15.i5.1053
“Comparison of the Efficacy, Safety, And Hemodynamic Effect of Iv Carbetocin Versus Iv Oxytocin for the Prevention of Primary Postpartum Hemorrhage (PPH); A Leading Cause of Maternal Mortality During Cesarean Section”
No full textBACKGROUND: - Postpartum hemorrhage is defined as blood loss above 500 mL after a vaginal birth or 1000 mL after a cesarean delivery according to the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10). Postpartum depression (PPD) is a mood condition that can affect women after giving birth. Although PPH and PPD are separate disorders, there may be a relationship between them. Major depressive symptoms appear after giving birth, which affects many women globally, with prevalence rates of between 10% and 25%.
AIM: The study aims to compare the efficacy, safety, and hemodynamic effects of IV Carbetocin over IV oxytocin to prevent primary postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) during cesarean section.
METHOD: A total of N=126 Patients were divided into two groups. Group 1(n=63) patients were administered Oxytocin 10 IU STAT, and group 2 (n=63) patients were administered Carbetocin 100 mcg. The drugs\u27 safety and efficacy were evaluated, and postpartum depression levels were studied using the EPDS scale.
RESULT:- The study was carried out over 6 months on 126 patients. The patients were evaluated, and a significant difference was seen in terms of (<0.001**), BP (0.014**), and postpartum depressive symptoms.
CONCLUSION: In conclusion, we found that carbetocin is more effective and safer than oxytocin, suggesting that it may be the better choice for avoiding blood loss. Fewer postpartum depressive symptoms were observed in the carbetocin group compared to the oxytocin group
Impact of High Charcoalization Temperature on Textural and Physiochemical Properties of Orange Peel Derived Biochars
No full textThis study delved into the impact of high charcoalization temperature on textural and physiochemical properties of biochars extracted from Orange Peel (OP) and Orange Peel impregnated with ZnCl2 (OP-ZnCl2). The formation of biochars was occurred at three charcoalization temperatures of 600, 800, and 1000 o C. As charcoalization temperature increased, pH of biochars elevated from mildly basic to exceedingly basic. The surface area of the biochar extracted from Orange peel expanded from 0.28 to 419.94 m2g-1 and 0.95 to 673.47 m2g-1 for biochar extracted from Orange peel modified with ZnCl2 as charcoalization temperature increased. Biochar extracted from modified orange peel by ZnCl2 at higher charcoalization temperatures had observable pores of varying dimension and configuration. There were superimposed Dband and Gband in Raman spectra for all the biochars. XPS investigation showed as charcoalization temperature increased, a noticeable deduction in the percentage of oxygen occurred. High charcoalization temperatures can amplify the adequate efficiency of a biochar extracted from Orange Peel modified with ZnCl2 as an adsorbent
Ephrin And Eph Receptors and Their Therapeutic Implication: A Compprehensive Review
No full textThe Eph receptor tyrosine kinases and their membrane-bound ephrin ligands constitute a pivotal cell communication system orchestrating a multitude of physiological processes, including embryonic development, tissue patterning, neural plasticity, and immune response. Their unique ability to facilitate bidirectional signalling allows them to modulate the behaviour of both the receptor-expressing and ligand-expressing cells upon contact. This comprehensive review delineates the molecular architecture and signalling mechanisms of the Eph/ephrin system, highlighting its critical roles in neural development, vascular patterning, bone remodeling, and glucose homeostasis. We further explore the system\u27s dual role in pathology, particularly in cancer progression, angiogenesis, and drug resistance, where its dysregulation can either promote or suppress tumorigenicity in a context-dependent manner. Finally, we discuss emerging therapeutic strategies—including CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing, nanoparticle-based drug delivery, and artificial intelligence-driven drug design—that target the Eph/ephrin axis, underscoring its significant potential for pioneering next-generation precision medicine interventions
"Sealing the Deal: A Comparative Evaluation of Immediate and Delayed Post Space Preparation Techniques on Apical Microleakage- An In vitro Study”
No full textBackground:
Successful endodontic therapy relies not only on proper cleaning, shaping, and obturation of the root canal system but also on maintaining a fluid-tight apical and coronal seal. Post space preparation, if not carefully executed, may disrupt the apical seal and compromise long-term success. This in vitro study compares the extent of dye microleakage following immediate and delayed post space preparation techniques.
Materials and Methods:
Eighty extracted human maxillary central incisors were decoronated and divided into four groups (n=20 each). Groups 1 and 2 underwent obturation with cold lateral condensation using gutta-percha and AH Plus sealer. Group 1 (IAC) had immediate post space preparation after obturation, while Group 2 (DAC) underwent delayed preparation after 48 hours. Group 3 served as the positive control (unobturated), and Group 4 as the negative control (fully sealed). Dye infiltration using Indian ink was assessed from apical to coronal direction after clearing and decalcification. Microleakage was measured under a stereomicroscope, and data were analyzed statistically using unpaired t-test and Mann-Whitney U-test.
Results:
Mean dye penetration was 0.2000 mm in IAC and 0.2170 mm in DAC groups. Although Group DAC showed slightly higher leakage, the difference was statistically insignificant (p > 0.05).
Conclusion:
Both immediate and delayed post space preparation techniques preserved the apical seal effectively when 5 mm of gutta-percha was retained. Timing of post preparation had no significant impact on apical microleakage, emphasizing the importance of maintaining adequate apical filling regardless of technique