Journal of Chemical Health Risks (Islamic Azad University, Iran)
Not a member yet
5714 research outputs found
Sort by
Current Treatment Modalities for Gingival Recession- A Barrier for Esthetic Maintenance: A Short Clinical Review
Get PDFOral health forms the basis of individual human health since mouth is the gateway to all microorganisms and eatable/non-eatable items in our body. For maintenance of oral health, oral tissues like teeth and mucosa should remain in disease-free state. Certain predisposing factors like dental plaque or caries can result in inflammation of these tissues. This inflammation if not arrested, can result in bone loss, tooth mobility and gingival recession. Among these effects of inflammation, gingival recession is a frequent periodontal pathology in present day life, which is often associated with dentinal hypersensitivity and unpleasant looks. It is regarded as a major barrier in preserving the gingival health. As society has be¬come increasingly focused on individ¬ual beauty and preservation of oral hygiene, gingival recession has become a major treatment option for esthetic dentistry. Although, there are a variety of treatment options available for gingival recession ranging from the free gingival grafts to guided tissue regeneration, every technique has its own merits and demerits. Hence, a clinical review of 10 patients comprising of each surgical techniques is presented along with literature analysis so that every clinician, whether general practitioner or Periodontist, selects the best technique for preserving the esthetics and harmony of periodontal tissue
Pharmacognostical Examination & Preliminary Phytochemical Analysis of Mimusops Elengi L and Monoon Longifolium Sonn Fruits
Get PDFThis study investigates the pharmacognostical characteristics and preliminary phytochemical properties of Mimusops elengi L. and Monoon longifolium Sonn. fruits, both known for their extensive use in traditional medicine. Mimusops elengi L, commonly known as Bakul or Bulletwood, is renowned for its astringent, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory properties, often used in dental care and wound healing. Monoon longifolium L, also known as False Ashoka or Mast Tree, is valued for its anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic activities. Detailed pharmacognostical examination, including macroscopic and microscopic analysis, was conducted to identify distinguishing anatomical features of these fruits. Physicochemical parameters such as moisture content, ash values, and extractive values were measured to assess quality and purity. Preliminary phytochemical screening revealed the presence of bioactive compounds, including alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolics, tannins, and saponins, which contribute to their therapeutic potential. Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) profiling provided a comprehensive fingerprint of the phytoconstituents. The findings offer crucial baseline data for the standardization and pharmacological evaluation of Mimusops elengi and Monoon longifolium fruit, supporting their traditional uses and potential in developing novel therapeutic agents
Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Implant Dentistry: A Systematic Review
Get PDFIntroduction: The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in healthcare has significantly transformed various fields, including dentistry. This systematic review explores the applications of AI in implant dentistry, focusing on its impact on diagnosis, treatment planning, and post-treatment monitoring.
Methods: : An electronic literature search was carried out through PubMed, Google Scholar, K-HUB, Prosquest, and Cochrane Review databases from the year 2005 to 2024 by two independent investigators. The comprehensive search was restricted to the studies published in the English language from the year of origin of the earliest studies to identify and collect evidence that answers the PICO questions.
Results: Twenty articles were included: 13 investigations analysed AI models for implant type recognition, 5 studies included AI prediction models for implant success forecast, 1 study evaluated AI models for optimization of implant designs using FEM analysis and 1 study analysed osseointegration.
Conclusions: This systematic review highlights the transformative role of artificial intelligence (AI), particularly deep learning and CNNs, in implant dentistry—enhancing diagnostic accuracy, treatment planning, and implant design with performance that often exceeds human expertise. While AI shows great promise, especially with the use of large imaging datasets like CBCT, ethical considerations such as data privacy, bias mitigation, and transparency are essential to ensure its responsible integration alongside clinical expertise
Cytohistopathological Study of Salivary Gland Lesions with Emphasis on Diagnotic Pitfalls of Fna.
Get PDFIntroduction: Salivary gland tumours account for 2-6.5% of all the neoplasms of the head and neck. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is being increasingly used for the diagnosis of salivary gland tumours.
Objectives: The main aim of this study was to evaluate cytohistological correlation of salivary gland tumors and to identify the causes of diagnostic discrepancies and pitfalls of FNA in correlation with their histopathology.
Methods: A total of 95 FNACs were done on salivary gland tumours from January 2023 to January 2025 at the Department of Pathology, Mysore Medical College and Research Institute, Mysore. These cases were followed up with histopathology. Formalin fixed (10%), surgically resected specimens were received, they were processed and slides were prepared. The stained cytological and histopathological slides were studied, analyzed and correlated.
Results: The cytomorphological features were studied and analyzed and the following lesions were observed: Sialadenosis (8), Pleomorphic adenomas (35), Basal cell adenomas (15), Warthin’s tumours (15), Myoepithelioma (8), Cystic lesions (5), Mucoepidermoid carcinomas (3), Adenoid cystic carcinomas (6). Histopathological correlation was done. Out of these, 9 cases were true positives, 5 were false negatives, 81 were true negatives and there were no false positives.
Conclusions: FNAC demonstrated an overall sensitivity of 81.8%, specificity of 100%, and diagnostic accuracy of 94% for distinguishing benign from malignant cases. This study documents the pitfalls of FNAC in salivary gland lesions and underscores key considerations to enhance accuracy and minimize errors in cytological interpretation
Analysis of Changes in Handgrip Strength and Blood Flow using Doppler Ultrasonography in Patients Receiving Chemotherapy
Get PDFBackground: Cancer, the second leading cause of death globally, has witnessed a significant rise of cases in India over the past decade. Chemotherapy interventions, which often involve the intravenous administration of drugs, frequently result in vascular trauma. This trauma may lead to alterations in handgrip strength. However, there is sparse of evidences hence, this study aims to explore whether changes in blood flow caused by vascular trauma influence handgrip strength in chemotherapy patients.
Methodology: This observational study conducted with 22 consented patients, aged between 22 to 72 years of both genders receiving intravenous chemotherapy. The changes in the handgrip strength measured using electronic Camry hand grip dynamometer and blood flow parameters (vein diameter, thickness, velocity, and phasicity) using Doppler ultrasound were analyzed before and after chemotherapy sessions.
Result: The results reflecting a notable difference in handgrip strength between men and female (p = 0.012 in the pre-test, 0.026 in the post-test). In blood flow parameters vein diameter (p=0.03) and velocity (p= 0.011) had significant difference. The correlation between handgrip strength and blood flow velocity is 0.829 (P=0.034), showing a strong and statistically significant relationship. The Correlation between handgrip strength and wall thickness 0.282 (p= 0.064), suggesting a moderate and borderline statistically significance. The Correlation between handgrip strength and vein diameter is 0.118 (p= 0.446), indicating a weak and statistically insignificant relationship.
Conclusion: Overall, the study found reductions in blood flow parameters and handgrip strength in chemotherapy patients, particularly those receiving alkylating agents. The findings underscore the need for further research on the long-term effects of chemotherapy and methods to mitigate its severity
Reassessing Gentian Violet Application on the Umbilical Cord: Ally or Adversary?
Get PDFBackground: Gentian violet, a traditional antiseptic, has been widely used for umbilical cord care due to its antimicrobial properties.
Objective: To evaluate the impact of gentian violet paint application on the umbilical cord in term institutional deliveries, specifically assessing its influence on cord separation time, the incidence of umbilical granuloma, and the occurrence of umbilical infections, in comparison to the dry cord care practice recommended in institutional settings.
Methods: This case-control study was conducted between January 2015 and December 2016 in four maternity centers in Karaikal, comprising two government institutions and two private institutions among 178 term healthy newborns (liquid gentian violet was applied to the umbilical cord) and 211 gestation-matched healthy newborns (practicing dry cord care).
Results: The mean (SD) birth weight of the newborns was 3.1 (0.30) kg, and the mean (SD) gestational age was 37.6 (1.5) weeks. All parameters were statistically comparable between the groups, except for the selection criteria related to gentian violet application. The results indicate a statistically significant higher rate of umbilical granuloma in the gentian violet application group compared to the dry cord care group. Additionally, the cord separation time was significantly prolonged in the study subjects compared to the controls, with mean values of 28.7 (11.6) days (p=0.015) and 15.6 (0.24) days (p=0.022), respectively. However, the incidence of umbilical infections between the two groups was not statistically significant, with a mean (SD) value of 1.6 (0.2) and a p-value of 1.612. Binary logistic regression analysis revealed an odds ratio of less than 1 for covariates, indicating that these factors were not significant in influencing cord separation time or the formation of umbilical granuloma.
Conclusion: The application of gentian violet paint in term institutional deliveries appears to be more detrimental than beneficial, as it significantly delays cord separation, increases the risk of umbilical granuloma formation, and does not provide substantial protection against omphalitis
Study on Prescribed Antenatal Medications among Pregnant Women at a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Cross-Sectional Analysis
Get PDFBackground: Medication use during pregnancy is common but poses challenges related to safety and efficacy. Understanding prescription patterns in antenatal care is essential to promote rational drug use and optimize outcomes.
Aim: To study the prescription patterns of drugs among antenatal women attending a tertiary care hospital.
Methods: An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted involving 155 pregnant women attending antenatal clinics between November 2023 and August 2024. Data on demographics, comorbidities, and prescribed medications were collected and analyzed. Statistical tests including chi-square and t-tests were applied to assess associations and prescribing trends.
Results: The mean age was 26.8 ± 4.7 years, with 61.3% aged 18-24 years. Vitamins and minerals were prescribed to all women in the first two trimesters, while antibiotic use increased significantly in later trimesters (p = 0.0005). High adherence to medications was observed in women with diabetes (92.0%), hypertension (88.9%), thyroid disorders (92.8%), and anemia (91.4%). Average drugs per prescription were 3.1 ± 1.2, with 68% prescribed by generic names. Use of injections was limited (15.5%). Rational drug use principles were largely adhered to.
Conclusion: The study demonstrated appropriate prescribing practices with trimester-specific adjustments and effective management of common comorbidities. Continued focus on rational drug use and safety monitoring is recommended
Site-Specific Distribution of Oral Cancer: A Retrospective Analysis among the South Indian Population
Get PDFThe burden of oral cancer in India is particularly high, with an estimated seventy-seven thousand new cases reported annually, ranking among the top three cancers in the country. Within India, variations in oral cancer incidence are observed between different regions, including notable differences between the northern and southern states. Recognizing these regional differences is crucial for implementing targeted interventions and allocating resources effectively. Furthermore, the distribution of oral cancer across specific anatomical sites varies significantly between Western populations and those in India, particularly in South India. While common sites of oral cancer in the West include the tongue, floor of the mouth, and buccal mucosa.
In conclusion, the findings of this study highlight the complex interplay of demographic factors, including age-related trends, and site-specific distributions, in shaping the epidemiological profile of oral cancer within the South Indian population
PM2.5 Air Pollution and Hospital Admissions: A Data-Driven Analysis of Outpatient and Inpatient Trends Across Age Groups
Get PDFAir pollution, particularly fine particulate matter (PM2.5), has been increasingly linked to adverse health outcomes, leading to a surge in hospital admissions. This study presents a data-driven analysis of the relationship between PM2.5 levels and hospital admissions, focusing on both outpatient department (OPD) visits and inpatient department (IPD) admissions across different age groups. Through a systematic examination of hospital records over multiple weeks, we identify a strong correlation between elevated PM2.5 concentrations and increased hospital visits, particularly among elderly individuals (>60 years), who show the highest inpatient admissions. Our results reveal that when PM2.5 levels exceed 40 µg/cu.m, hospital visits peak, whereas a decline in pollution levels corresponds with a significant reduction in admissions. These findings emphasize the critical role of air quality management in public health and healthcare system preparedness. The study provides compelling evidence for policymakers, healthcare institutions, and environmental health researchers to implement targeted interventions aimed at mitigating the health burden associated with air pollution, particularly for vulnerable populations
"Unveiling the Silent Threat: Single Umbilical Artery with Congenital Heart Disease and Pulmonary Hypertension in a Neonate"
No full textThe umbilical cord typically contains two arteries and one vein. Occasionally, one artery may be absent, with the left artery being more commonly affected than the right(1). Single Umbilical Artery (SUA) is the most common abnormality of the umbilical cord. SUA can be diagnosed prenatally by ultrasound as early as 12 weeks of gestation. Ultrasound findings useful for this diagnosis include the presence of two vessels on a cross-section of the free loop of the cord(2) and observation of the arteries coursing around the bladder in the fetal pelvis. Numerous studies have reported that the presence of SUA is associated with a variety of congenital anomalies, chromosomal defects, aneuploidy, and low birth weight.(3)The incidence estimates of SUA from different countries range from 0.2 to 0.87%