Journal of Chemical Health Risks (Islamic Azad University, Iran)
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Effect of Physical Training on Immunity in Adults
Get PDFIntroduction: Chronic disorders like obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease have increased in recent years due to a rise in sedentary behaviour, especially among adults. Frequent exercise has been identified as a critical component in enhancing general health by favourably impacting immunological and metabolic processes, which may lower the chance of developing chronic illnesses.
Objective: The purpose of this review is to investigate how physical activity affects immune function in adults, with an emphasis on the signal transduction pathways that are involved and how exercise duration and intensity affect immunological responses.
Methods: The SciELO and PubMed databases were used to do a thorough literature review. Studies that focused on how exercise affects immune cell populations, cytokine profiles, and molecular signalling in adults were chosen.
Results: According to the reviewed research, the intensity and duration of physical activity have an impact on the immune cell subpopulations that are significantly altered by exercise. While high-intensity exercise tends to promote an anti-inflammatory response, which aims to reduce inflammation and muscle damage, moderate-intensity exercise is typically linked to a balanced pro-inflammatory response. Numerous immune cells, including as neutrophils, natural killer (NK) cells, dendritic cells, and macrophages, as well as surface receptors such major histocompatibility complex class II and Toll-like receptors (TLRs), exhibit these immunological alterations. Furthermore, exercise modulates cytokine release, further impacting immune regulation.
Conclusion: Based on the findings, exercise characteristics like duration and intensity have a significant impact on how the immune system reacts to physical activity in adults. Complex cell signalling pathways involving phosphorylation events mediate these immunological responses, activating transcription factors, protein synthesis, and cell proliferation. Knowing these mechanisms helps us better understand how exercise can boost immunity and lower the risk of chronic illnesses in adulthood.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.52783/jchr.v15.i2.787
Pontic Design in Fixed Partial Denture Practised by General Dental Practitioners in West Bengal - A Cross Sectional Study (Original Research Article)
Get PDFINTRODUCTION – Pontic is the artificial tooth replacing the missing natural tooth. Designing of pontic is very much crucial for the success of Fixed Partial Denture (FPD). For proper designing, the practitioners should have clear knowledge about it.
AIMS – In this study we will try to assess the knowledge of General Dental Practitioners (GDPs) about proper pontic design according to the contemporary guidelines.
MATERIALS & METHODS – This study was conducted among the General Dental Practitioners of both cities and villages of West Bengal. A structured questionnaire, developed and validated by the Department of Prosthodontics and Crown & Bridge, Dr. R. Ahmed Dental College and Hospital, Kolkata served as the primary tool for data collection.
RESULT – Only 25% of general dental practitioners have proper idea about pontic design and the remaining 75% do not.
CONCLUSION – The majority of the general dental practitioners have no clear idea of choosing proper pontic in a given situation leading to wide variation of pontic design practiced everywhere in West Bengal
Compound Odontome: Case Report of 23 Odontomas with a Brief Review of the Literature
Get PDFCompound composite odontome is the rare benign odontogenic tumors which mostly commonly occurs in anterior region – Incisor canine area and they are classified as compound and complex odontome based on degree of morphodifferentiation or on basis of their resemblance with the normal tooth. Usually it is seen as solitary type but sometimes it can present as multiple type as in the present case which is less reported. The patient reported with a chief complaint of small teeths in upper front region which was his main concern and wants to remove them followed by replacement of teeth. Clinical examination showed presence of 5 small toothlike structure with missing 21 teeth. After radiographic confirmation, it showed multiple radio opaque masses with impacted 21 teeth. Followed by surgical procedure, extraction of tooth masses was done and sent to histopathological examination which showed organized arrangement of hard tissue of tooth. In this case report, we are presenting a case of odontome in 19-year-old male which presented with multiple teeth like masses
Neck Muscle Endurance, Pain, and Smartphone Use: A Cross-Sectional Study among College Students
Get PDFBackground: Mobile technology has spread globally, with smartphones becoming an integral part of daily life. Continuous smartphone use among college students raises concerns about musculoskeletal health, particularly neck stress, leading to neck pain, muscle weakness, and impaired quality of life.
Objective: To analyse the effect of smart phone addiction on neck pain and associated changes in neck muscle endurance in college students.
Methods: A single-centre cross-sectional study was conducted among Sri Ramachandra Medical College students aged 18-27 with a history of neck pain. Baseline data and demographics were collected via Google Forms. Smartphone addiction was assessed using the Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version (SAS-SV), with cutoff values of 31/60 for males and 33/60 for females. Participants were divided into two groups based on their SAS-SV scores. Pain levels were evaluated using the Numerical Pain Rating Scale (0-10). Manual muscle testing assessed flexor and extensor neck muscle endurance, with normative values of 39s (male) and 29s (female) for flexors, and 20s for extensors (both genders).
Result: This study included 210 participants, classified into addicted and non-addicted groups. Among males, smartphone addiction strongly correlated with decreased flexor endurance (r=-0.89) and moderately with increased pain (r=0.28). Among females, addiction strongly correlated with decreased flexor endurance (r=-0.91) and weakly with increased pain (r=0.10). P-values (0.001) indicated significant correlations, but not differences, between variables.
Conclusion: Smartphone addiction has been found to have a significant impact on the flexor endurance of the neck muscles, as well as pain levels, in both male and female individuals
Prospective Study of Communited Radial Head Fracture Treated with Radial Head Athroplastry
Get PDFBackground: The radial head plays a crucial role in elbow stability, load transmission, and forearm rotation. Comminuted radial head fractures pose significant challenges due to their complex nature and potential for severe joint dysfunction. Traditional approaches, such as ORIF, have limitations, and radial head arthroplasty has emerged as a viable alternative. This procedure involves replacing the fractured radial head with a prosthetic implant, aiming to replicate native anatomy and biomechanics. Clinical studies have demonstrated promising outcomes in pain relief, range of motion, and stability. Our prospective study aims to evaluate clinical and functional outcomes of comminuted radial head fractures treated with radial head arthroplasty, providing insights into efficacy and limitations of this surgical approach.
Materials and Methods- Prospective study at Department of Orthopaedics, SSSMCRI. Patients with comminuted radial head fractures treated with radial head arthroplasty (RHA) are included. Inclusion criteria: patients above 18 years. Study duration: 18 months. Sample size: 38, calculated using Open Epi software, with 65% proportion of RHA, 5% significance, and 16% absolute precision error, including 10% non-response rate.
Results-This prospective study evaluated 38 patients with comminuted radial head fractures treated with radial head arthroplasty. The majority (52.6%) were aged 31-50 years, with 57.9% males. Patients showed significant improvements in pain scores, range of motion, and functional outcomes. Complications were minimal, with 5.3% infection rate. Patient satisfaction was high, with 78.9% reporting being very satisfied. The study indicates radial head arthroplasty as a viable treatment option for comminuted radial head fractures. Significant improvements were observed across multiple outcome measures.
Conclusion- Our study demonstrates that radial head arthroplasty effectively treats comminuted radial head fractures, improving pain reduction, range of motion, and elbow function. Surgical intervention resulted in favorable radiological outcomes, with proper joint alignment and healing. Despite minimal complications, patient satisfaction was high. These findings support radial head arthroplasty as a reliable approach for managing complex radial head fractures
Exploring Therapeutic applications of Cinnamon oil and its microemulsion: A Comprehensive Review
Get PDFThis comprehensive review delves into the therapeutic attributes of cinnamon oil and its potential applications through the formulation of microemulsions. Derived from Cinnamomum verum, cinnamon oil has a rich history in traditional medicine due to its diverse array of bioactive compounds. This review underscores the imperative role of cinnamon oils in medicinal therapy encompassing radioprotective attributes, enzyme activity inhibition, as well as antimicrobial, anti-diabetic, antiinflammatory, and anticancer activities. Microemulsions, recognized as thermodynamically stable colloidal systems, emerge as pivotal vehicles for augmenting the solubility, stability, and bioavailability of lipophilic compounds intrinsic to cinnamon oil. A significant aspect elucidated is the potential synergistic effects arising from the integration of cinnamon oil with microemulsion technology, a synergy that not only enhances efficacy but also facilitates targeted delivery of therapeutic agents. The conclusions underscore the prospects of cinnamon oil-loaded microemulsions as an innovative therapeutic modality. The amalgamation of traditional wisdom with contemporary pharmaceutical formulations presents a comprehensive perspective on leveraging the therapeutic potential of cinnamon oil across various health applications. Future directions are explored, paving the way for sustained investigations into cinnamon oil and microemulsion formulations within the domain of therapeutic interventions
Assessment of Heavy Metal Content of the Groundwater of Basilan Province, Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (BARMM), Philippines
Get PDFThis study evaluates the groundwater quality in various municipalities of Basilan, focusing on the concentrations of heavy metals and overall water safety. Sampling wells were analyzed for parameters including mercury (Hg), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr), lead (Pb), and barium (Ba). Results indicate that most wells showed acceptable levels for these parameters, with notable exceptions: localized iron exceedances in wells SW4, SW1, and SW3, and consistently high arsenic levels 5.00 across all municipalities, raising significant health concerns. The Compound Pollution Index (CPI) values were generally below 1, suggesting that the groundwater is safe for drinking. However, the Heavy Metal Pollution Index (HPI) revealed slight contamination in certain areas, while Sumisip, Moh. Ajul and Lamitan City reported no contamination. The Excellent Water Quality Index (EWQI) further confirmed that the groundwater is classified as excellent across all sampled sites. These findings highlight the necessity for regular monitoring and investigation into sources of contamination, particularly concerning arsenic levels, to safeguard public health and maintain water quality in the study area. 
The Effects of Removable Vs Fixed Twin Block Appliances on the Oral and Gingival Health. A Randomized Clinical Trial
Get PDFIntroduction: Twin block appliance (TB) has been used for decades as a gold standard treatment for class 2 skeletal malocclusion in growing patients. Different designs of fixed twin block appliances have been introduced recently.
Objectives: The aim of this study is to investigate the oral side effects associated with fixed or removable twin block appliance.
Methods: a group of 24 skeletal class 2 patients with deficient mandible were randomly received either fixed twin block or removable twin block appliance and followed up for 9 months to investigate the oral and gingival effects.
Results: showed that speech and eating difficulties was evident in the fixed twin block group for only one week. Redness of palatal mucosa was evident in some cases of the removable appliance but without pain or signs of candida infection. This was healed after appliance discontinuation. The oral hygiene was the main factor influencing the oral and gingival health. The cephalometric measurements showed significant proclination of the lower incisors in both groups with insignificant decrease in the thickness of the labial bone.
Conclusions: both fixed and removable appliance cause lower incisor proclination but with no significant decrease in the labial alveolar bone thickness, the gingival health is mainly affected by the oral hygiene not the type of the appliance, The gingival and mucosal redness, swelling, speech or eating difficulties associated with twin block was temporary and not significant
Economical Production of Lycopene, An Antioxidant, from Tomato Skin (Solanum Lycopersicum), using Pectinase Enzyme.
Get PDFIntroduction: Lycopene, a significant nutrient that promotes health, is the main source of the by-product that is recovered from the wastes of the tomato processing industry. Polyphenols, carotenoids, and vitamins are among the bioactive chemicals that possess several physiological properties, such as anti-inflammatory, anti-allergenic, anti-bacterial, vasodilatory, anti-thrombotic, cardio-protective, and antioxidant effects. Because of its distinct acyclic structure, which confers lipophilic properties and makes it soluble in organic solvents, lycopene is an antioxidant carotenoid. But preserving lycopene\u27s stability during extraction presents difficulties, and using traditional techniques also raises environmental issues.
Objectives: In this study, pectinase, an enzyme that was produced from banana peel using Aspergillus niger, was used to extract lycopene from wastes of tomato skin peel.Then purification and characterization of lycopene using thin layer chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography was studied and finally the lycopene\u27s antioxidant activity was assessed utilising the DPPH, ABTS, and H2O2 assays.
Methods: The tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum) were purchased from the local stores, and after peeling, the skin was allowed to dry for a few hours. The banana skin peels were then dried for 24 hours at 45°C before being pulverised with a mortar and pestle. Then, using Aspergillus niger, which was cultured in a lab using Sabouraud Dextrose Agar medium at room temperature, the resulting powdered banana peel was used to produce the pectinase enzyme. And the extraction of lycopene from tomato skin was done using the pectinase enzyme from banana skin wastes, followed by purification, characterization & finally, measuring the of antioxidant activity of the obtained lycopene.
Results: Pectinase from banana peel was found to be 10 mg with the absorbance at 750 nm, when measured spectrophotometrically. TLC is an effective method for identifying and separating substances in a mixture according to how differently they migrate across a thin layer of absorbent material. HPLC analysis showed a clear peak that corresponded to lycopene, with a distinctive absorption maximum at 475 nm.
Conclusions: The antioxidant assay demonstrates lycopene\u27s remarkable scavenging activity against DPPH, ABTS, and H2O2 radicals, showcasing its potential therapeutic and industrial applications. These findings underscore the multifaceted role of lycopene as a natural antioxidant with significant health benefits. Overall, this study contributes valuable insights into the biological and industrial significance of pectinase enzyme and lycopene, paving the way for further research and development in food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries
Synthesis, Characterization and its Biological Activity of Novel Bis (Biphenylsulfonylacetamido) Oxacalix[4] Arene Derived from Oxacalixarene
Get PDFIntroduction: Supramolecular chemistry involves the study of non-covalent interactions between molecules, enabling the design of complex molecular systems with tailored properties. These interactions, such as hydrogen bonding, electrostatic forces, π-π stacking, and van der Waals forces, allow the formation of supramolecular compounds with unique structural and functional characteristics. These compounds are increasingly being explored for their potential applications in biological systems, as they can mimic natural biomolecular interactions. The dynamic nature of supramolecular assemblies provides opportunities for the development of compounds with enhanced selectivity and efficiency in targeting biological macromolecules, such as enzymes, receptors, and nucleic acids. This research investigates novel supramolecular compounds designed to interact with specific biological targets, offering promising strategies for drug discovery and therapeutic interventions in various diseases.
Objective: This study focused on designing of Oxacalix[4]arene based novel compound and evaluating its anti-tuberculosis ,anti-oxidant and anti-cancer activity.
Methods: Conventional reaction method was used for the synthesis of Bis (biphenylsulfonylacetamido) Oxacalix[4] arene
Compound and H1 NMR , ESI-MS and IR Spectroscopy was used for the characterization of compound. Anti-tuberculosis activity was performed using Zone Inhibition Method. Anti- oxidant study was assessed using DPPH technique. In-vitro cytotoxicity was assessed on the Hella cell line using the MTT assay.
Result: H1 NMR , ESI-MS and IR Spectroscopy confers the synthesis of Bis (biphenylsulfonylacetamido) Oxacalixarene
Compound. In vitro assessments on Hella cells demonstrated a concentration-dependent reduction in cell survival, yielding an IC₅₀ of 358.3 µg/ml. When the compound was tested for anti-oxidant activity it found to be active compared to the standard ascorbic acid. The largest zone of inhibition (ZI) produced by the test compound was compared to that of the positive control to determine its antibacterial efficacy against M. tuberculae.
Conclusion: The result highlights the successful synthesis of novel compound and its efficacy towards anti-cancer , anti-oxidant and anti-tuberculosis activity , making it an intriguing topic for upcoming research on drug development.