Journal of Chemical Health Risks (Islamic Azad University, Iran)
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Antibiofilm Activity of Methanolic Extracts of Ajuga Bracteosa Wall.Ex. Benth: Potential Application in Combating Biofilm Associated Infections
Get PDFBacterial infection establishes a foremost health concern with an ever rising internationally. Due to the persistent description of the illness and restrictions and dangers of typical therapy, the historical pandemic and endemic has perceived the use of phytomedicines as effective medicinal agents. Ajuga bracteosa (A. bracteosa) Wall ex Benth. Has been extensively consumed in traditional remedies for bacterial infection and antimicrobial biofilm. The aim of investigation was to development and evaluation of biofilm gel formulation of bioactive extract of A. bracteosa and extract obtained from the in situ and in vitro grown plants of it. Antibacterial action of antibiofilm gel and bioactive extract screened on the Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis bacteria by in vitro method. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a Gram-negative, aerobic, non-spore forming rod that is efficient of initiating a variation of contaminations in both immune competent and immune compromised hosts. Its predilection to trigger illnesses amongst immune compromised hosts, life-threatening adaptability, antibiotic confrontation, and an extensive vary of vigorous protections builds it a tremendously intriguing organism to handle in contemporary-day medicine. B. subtilis is a Gram-positive, rod-shaped, spore-forming, and facultative anaerobe that is the most isolated Bacillus species from environmental samples. Most B. subtilis species are not disease causing; it means not accompanying with microbial infections, but some strains have related to carcinoma disorder viz. fatal pneumonia and septicemia, and contaminations of necrotic axillary tumors in breast cancer
Prevalence of Periapical Abscess, Peri-Implantitis, Edentulism and Nursing Bottle Caries in a Known Population.
Get PDFBackground: This study was conducted to assess the prevalence of periapical abscess, peri-implantitis, edentulism and nursing bottle caries in a known population.
Material and methods: This study was conducted to assess the prevalence of apical abscess, peri-implantitis, edentulism and nursing bottle caries in a known population. The study comprised of 100 subjects who underwent oral clinical examination. The subjects had been explained about the procedure and were asked to give consent. The prevalence of apical abscess, periimplantitis, edentulism and nursing bottle caries had been assessed and tabulated. Statistical analysis had been carried out using SPSS software.
Results: In this study, there were 56 male and 44 female. Periapical abscess was evident in 16 subjects, peri-implantitis was seen in 25 subjects, edentulism was seen in 49 subjects and nursing bottle caries was evident in 10 subjects.
Conclusion: The prevalence of periapical abscess, peri-implantitis, edentulism and nursing bottle caries in this study was 16%, 25%, 49% and 10%, respectively
Management of Anterior Dentogenic Diastema with Loop Connectors in Fixed Partial Denture: A Case Report
Get PDFPatients with a missing tooth accompanied by diastema face limited options for restoring the edentulous space. Utilizing a conventional fixed partial denture in such cases often results in disproportionately wide anterior teeth, compromising aesthetics. the loss of anterior teeth, combined with pre-existing diastema, frequently creates an excessive pontic space, posing a significant aesthetic challenge for the prosthodontist. When an implant-supported prosthesis is not feasible due to inadequate bone support, an fpd with a loop connector serves as a viable alternative. This approach not only preserves the diastema but also ensures a visually appealing and functional restoration. This report highlights a clinical case where an fpd with a loop connector was employed to achieve aesthetic rehabilitation in the maxillary anterior region, successfully maintaining the midline diastema while addressing the patient\u27s functional and cosmetic needs
An Overview of Potential Nanotechnological Methods for Psoriasis Treatment
Get PDFIntroduction: Psoriasis is a chronic, immune-mediated skin disorder characterized by hyperproliferation of keratinocytes, inflammation, and the formation of red, scaly plaques. Conventional therapies, including topical treatments, phototherapy, and systemic drugs, often have limitations such as side effects, low skin permeability, and reduced patient compliance. Nanotechnology offers a promising approach to overcome these challenges by enabling targeted drug delivery, enhanced therapeutic efficacy, and reduced systemic toxicity. This review explores the potential of nanotechnological methods for the effective treatment of psoriasis.Objectives: The objective of this study is to provide an overview of emerging nanotechnological strategies for psoriasis treatment, focusing on their mechanisms, efficacy, and potential to address current therapeutic limitations.
Methods: A comprehensive literature review was conducted, analyzing studies on various nanocarriers such as liposomes, niosomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, dendrimers, and polymeric nanoparticles for the delivery of antipsoriatic drugs. Key parameters, including drug encapsulation efficiency, skin penetration, and therapeutic outcomes, were evaluated to assess the effectiveness of these nanotechnological methods.
Results: Nanocarriers demonstrated enhanced drug stability, controlled release profiles, and improved skin penetration compared to conventional formulations. Liposomes and niosomes facilitated the localized delivery of drugs with minimal systemic absorption, reducing side effects. Solid lipid nanoparticles and polymeric nanoparticles showed significant improvement in anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative effects in preclinical models of psoriasis.
Conclusions: Nanotechnology-based approaches hold immense potential for revolutionizing psoriasis treatment by addressing limitations of conventional therapies. Further clinical studies are needed to establish their safety, efficacy, and scalability for routine clinical applications
Molecular Docking, In-Silico Screening of Spermacoce Latifolia and Celastrus Paniculatus as Ache and Buche Inhibitors for Neurodegenerative Diseases
Get PDFObjective: To perform in-silico docking studies of AChE and BuChE inhibitors from Spermacoce latifolia and Celastrus paniculatus for neurodegenerative diseases.
Methods: In the present study, molecular docking stimulation were conducted using the AutoDock vina tool to asses the binding interactions of naturally occurring compounds from Spermacoce latifolia and Celastrus paniculatus with acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase, enzymes of significant importance within the central nervous system (CNS).
Results: AChE and BuChE inhibitor , AChE and BuChE involved hydrogen bonding, Van der Waals forces and Pi-sigma/Pi-Pi interactions primarily mediated by Fluorophore Thioflavin T.
Conclusion: Molecular Dynamics Stimulations (MDS) supported the stability of these interactions. AChE and BuChE were hydrolytic enzymes that degrade the Acetylcholine (Ach), terminating synaptic transmission. Despite their abundance in the healthy brain they minimally regulate brain ACh levels. In Alzheimer’s, BuChE activity raises while AChE activity remains stable or falls. Both enzymes were potential therapeutic targets to address the cholinergic defect associated with cognitive, functional and behavioral decline. This plant, used medicinally locally is rich in flavonoids including ascorbic acid, epicatechin, apigenin, luteolin, rutin, tangeritin, hesperetin, taxifolin and eriodictyol. Therefore, These results clearly revealed that the bioactive compound Spermacoce latifolia and Celastrus paniculatus have good binding interactions when compared to the standard drugs
Chemical Composition and Larvicidal Activity of Azadiractha Indica Seed Oil Against Dengue Vector Aedes Aegypti (L) (Diptera: Culicidae)
Get PDFThe purpose of this study is to evaluate the larvicidal activity of neem seed oil (Azadirachta indica) against the dengue vector, Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae). A number of diseases are mostly spread by mosquitoes which result a major threat. Many mosquito control strategies are adopted by which the population of mosquito is minimized. Excessive use of insecticides causes ill effects to exact mosquitoes. Since phytochemicals are suggested to control mosquitoes. They are bio-safe and eco-friendly the mosquitoes. Phytochemicals suggest bio-safe and eco-friendly options to control the disease. Eight main bioactive components were identified in the neem seed oil by GC-MS analysis, although at different amounts. Absorption spectra were used to determine the prominent peak\u27s wave number, intensities, and vibrational assignments. Numerous functional groups were found, including alkane, carboxylic acid, alcohol, ester, phenol, and nitro compounds. Mortality was recorded 24 hours post-treatment with five different concentrations of neem seed oil (250, 200, 150, 100, and 50 ppm). A significant increase in larval mortality was observed with increased concentrations, reaching a median lethal concentration (LC50) of 57.59 ppm and (LC90) of 136.74 ppm. These findings imply that safe oil and its components have promising effects as larvicides for mosquito vector control. Therefore, this oil can be used as an effective controlling agent against A. aegypti
Microwave Assisted Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Indazole Derivatives
Get PDFIn this study, we synthesized indazole derivatives, including 1-H indazole and 4-chloro-1-H indazole, using microwave-assisted reactions with ortho-chlorobenzaldehyde, ortho-nitro benzaldehyde, and 2,6-dichloro benzaldehyde as starting materials. The reactions were carried out in distilled water, offering a fast and efficient synthesis process compared to conventional methods. The products were characterized through melting point determination, thin-layer chromatography (TLC), infrared (IR) spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, confirming their structures. The antifungal activity of the compounds was tested against Candida albicans, showing promising results. This microwave-assisted approach provides a convenient and effective way to synthesize indazole derivatives with potential antifungal properties
Inflammation Driven Dysregulation of Iron Homeostasis in COVID 19 Patients: An Insight into Anemia
Get PDFIntroduction: COVID virus predominantly affects the respiratory system and can also affect other systems due to hematological pathologies .The cytokine surge in COVID19 inhibits erythropoietin leading to hematological pathologies like anemia.
Objectives: This study explores the effect of inflammatory markers on iron dysregulation in COVID patients with and without anemia. .
Methods: 100 COVID patients confirmed by RT- PCR were divided into anemic and nonanemic groups comprising 50 patients each. Patients with Hb ≤ 12g/dl were included in anemic group. Plasma iron regulatory proteins and inflammatory markers were estimated by spectrophotometric methods using Roche Cobas Pro autoanalyser.
Results: Hepcidin and erythropoietin were prominently higher in anemic patients compared to nonanemic patients (p=0.000).Compared to nonanemic patients markers of coagulation and hemolysis which included D Dimer and LDH showed a marked increase in the anemic group. Further indices of inflammation like CRP, IL6 and procalcitonin also increased significantly in anemic group (p= 0.027, p= 0.018) respectively. Significantly high plasma transaminases and creatinine in the anemic group point to the early onset of hepatic and renal dysfunction due to anemia. Low hemoglobin would have induced thrombotic changes that culminated in the elevation of D Dimer. IL6 released by the virus induces hepcidin synthesis resulting in hyperferritinemia and decreased erythropoiesis due to restricted availability of iron.
Conclusions: Dysregulation of iron homeostasis observed in COVID 19 patients with anemia is inflammation driven, emphasizing the important crosstalk between inflammatory molecules and iron regulatory proteins. Further, anemia along with coagulopathy may aggravate the organ dysfunction in these patients. 
Comparative Evaluation of Anesthetic Efficacy of 4 % Articane and 2 % Lidocaine Administering Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block in Mandibular Primary Molar of Children Aged 6-9 Year
Get PDFBackground: Local anesthetic agents have greatly enhanced dental practice by providing safer and pain-free surgical procedures. Lignocaine is widely considered the gold standard due to its high potency, safety profile, and effectiveness. However, articaine is thought to outperform lignocaine because of its superiortissue and bone diffusion, faster onset, and lower toxicity.
Aim: The purpose of this study is to evaluate and compare the onset time and duration of action, of lignocaine and articaine in pediatric dental patients.
Method: A total of 34 children, aged 6-9years, attending the outpatient clinic of Pediatric and PreventiveDentistry, were randomly divided into two equal groups. One group was administered lignocaine, while the other received articaine for patient undergoing dental procedure involving nerve block
Results: Articaine demonstrated a faster onset of action and a longer duration of anesthesia compared to lignocaine.
Conclusion: Articaine appears to be a more effective local anesthetic agent than lignocaine, particularly in pediatric dental patients
Comprehensive Evaluation of Personal Hygiene Practices among Nurses at Their Working Tenures: A Questionnaire based Original Research Study
Get PDFAim: Personal hygiene is the most significant entity to be managed by health care professionals especially when they are inside the hospital and handling various infections. The present questionnaire based study was conducted to assess the personal hygiene practices among nurses at their working tenures.
Materials & Methods: This study was conducted on total 30 nurses who have been explained about the relative significant of the study. A self framed, close ended questionnaire was set which have 8 questions and asked to answer honestly. The questionnaire exercises were finished at nurses routine working hours and or duty visits. To make sure totally relaxed responses, the study was conducted in an anxiety free environment. Results thus obtained was tabulated and subjected to basic statistical analysis. P value less than 0.05 was considered significant (p< 0.05).
Results: Results confirmed that total 30 nurses were belonging to 5 different age groups. Only 3 nurses were falling in the age range of 25-30 years thus we can assume that most of the working nurses were belonging to older age groups. 20 nurses were using Hand Washing with Water technique. While 14 nurses were using Hand Washing with Soap and Hand rub For 15 Seconds. 26 nurses were Frequently Changing Gloves after Every Use. 12 nurses agreed that they Use PPE for Suspected Cases with Correct Disposal. 6 nurses clean their hands haphazardly while 1 nurse clean their hands thrice in a day.
Conclusion: The responses were very imperative as they reflected the present scenario of personal hygiene practices among nurses at their working tenures. The overall condition of personal hygiene practices amongst nurses was at moderate level. Many of the nurses were cleaning their hands using water only. Therefore working nurses should be appropriately counseled about the significance of personal hygiene practices