Journal of Chemical Health Risks (Islamic Azad University, Iran)
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Comparison of Bilateral Ultrasound Guided TAP Block with Dexamethasone and Magnesium Sulphate as an Adjuvant with Ropivacaine in Patients Undergoing Lower Segment Cesarean Section
No full textBackground:Postoperative pain from lower segment cesarean section (LSCS) can hinder nursing, ambulation, and maternal bonding. After LSCS, somatic pain comes from surgical wound nociceptors and visceral pain from muscles. Methods: This study included 72 patients undergoing LSCS from a single centre , patients were divided equally into 2 groups undergoing TAP block with Ropivacaine 0.25 % . Group RD (n=36) subjects were given with Dexamethasone (8mg) and Group RM (n=36 subjects were given bilateral with Magnesium sulphate (1gram) as an additive. Results: The results of study supports magnesium sulphate as a better adjuvant compared to dexamethasone for enhancing the analgesic efficacy of ropivacaine in cesarean section patients. Conclusion: This study emphasizes significance of selecting appropriate adjuvant medications for achieving postoperative pain in cesarean section subject
Conventional Fixation versus Right-Angle Fixation among Mandibular Angle Fractures: A Retrospective Comparative Study
No full textIntroduction: Mandibular angle fractures present a unique challenge due to their anatomical complexity and high prevalence, often associated with significant morbidity. Traditional management involves conventional fixation techniques using miniplates, which, while effective, have certain limitations such as the need for intermaxillary fixation (IMF) and risk of nerve injury. Right angled fixation technique offers an ergonomic and minimally invasive approach for mandibular angle fracture repair by allowing perpendicular screw placement with reduced soft tissue trauma. This retrospective comparative study aimed to evaluate and compare the clinical outcomes of conventional fixation versus right-angle fixation in the management of mandibular angle fractures.
Methodology: A retrospective comparative study was conducted on 30 patients with mandibular angle fractures treated between 2022 and 2024. Patients were stratified into two groups: conventional fixation (n= 15) and right-angled fixation (n = 15). Key clinical outcomes included incidence of nerve injury, need for IMF (Fracture Stabilization) z, functional restoration (mastication and speech), postoperative swelling, trismus, and overall patient comfort. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and unpaired t-tests, with significance set at p < 0.05.
Results: Right-angle fixation required significantly longer operative time (86.57 vs. 74.87 minutes, p<0.05). However, it demonstrated superior outcomes in terms of reduced IMF requirement (27% vs. 53%), fewer nerve injuries (27% vs. 47%), better fracture stabilization, earlier functional recovery, reduced swelling (27% vs. 80%), greater mouth opening (34.7 mm vs. 28.9 mm), and improved postoperative comfort.
Conclusion: Despite increased operative time, right-angle fixation provides superior patient-centered outcomes compared to conventional fixation, supporting its role as an efficient alternative for mandibular angle fracture management
Quality of Life in Patients Undergoing Different Treatment Modalities for Condylar Fractures: A Comparative Study
No full textBackground: Condylar fractures constitute a significant portion of mandibular fractures, ranging from 29% to 52% of all occurrences. These fractures can impair oral functions such as mastication, mouth opening, and occlusion, thereby diminishing a patient\u27s quality of life. Management strategies encompass closed reduction, open reduction with internal fixation, and endoscopy-assisted ORIF.
Aim: This study aimed to compare the quality of life outcomes among patients treated with various modalities for condylar fractures.
Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted on 128 patients managed between 2022 and 2024. Participants were stratified into three treatment groups: ORIF, closed reduction, and endoscopy-assisted ORIF. Clinical parameters assessed included nerve injury, scarring, mouth opening, postoperative occlusion, duration of intermaxillary fixation, and masticatory performance.
Results: Statistically significant disparities were identified in scar formation, mouth opening, occlusion, IMF duration, and masticatory performance. However, no significant differences were observed in nerve injury rates across the groups. The EAORIF group exhibited superior cosmetic outcomes and a quicker recovery period compared to both ORIF and CR.
Conclusion: EAORIF offers advantages in reducing morbidity and scarring, while ORIF ensures stable anatomical reduction. Closed reduction remains a viable option for specific patient populations. Treatment planning should be individualized based on patient-specific factors and surgeon expertise
Therapeutic Approach in Ayurveda for Vertebral Compression Fracture W.S.R. to Pangu-A Case Study
No full textPangu is a disease described among 80 Vatarogas. The normal role of Vata is to regulate motor and sensory systems, and its imbalance leads to a decline in these functions. Pangu originates in the Kati region, possibly involving Katyasritavata i,e Apana Vayu along with Vyana Vayu. Spastic Paraplegia is a condition characterized by progressive muscle stiffness and weakness in lower limbs typically caused by damage to the spinal cord. It often results from injury or disease and affects both legs and, in some cases, parts of the lower torso. This case study documents the clinical management and recovery of a 21-year-old male patient presenting with a D9 vertebral compressive fracture with complete motor loss (0/5 power) in the left lower limb and severe paresis (1/5 power) in the right lower limb along with cathetherisation due to neurogenic bladder dysfunction. The patient underwent a comprehensive Panchakarma protocol along with Ayurvedic oral medications over a three-month period. Significant neurological and functional improvement was observed, with motor power improving to 4/5 in both lower limbs by the end of the treatment duration. This case highlights the potential role of integrative Ayurvedic interventions in the rehabilitation of spinal cord injuries. Additionally, the urinary catheter was successfully removed, and the patient achieved voluntary bladder control.This case reinforces the potential for significant motor recovery even in cases presenting with initially severe deficits
Electrochemical Biosensors Based on Bimetallic and Trimetallic Nanomaterials: Synthesis, Properties and Applications
No full textOver the past few years, there has been significant progress in electrochemical biosensors, mainly due to the growing demand for quick and highly sensitive detection techniques across various sectors, including medical diagnostics and environmental analysis. This review critically evaluates the recent advancements in bimetallic and trimetallic nanomaterials used in electrochemical biosensing, highlighting their synthesis strategies, functional properties, and biomedical applications. The novelty of this review lies in its structured classification of biosensor systems based on synthesis routes, application fields and electrochemical techniques. Furthermore, this work identifies and discusses existing research gaps, including limited clinical validation, poor reporting standardization, insufficient biocompatibility data, industrial adoption and cost-effectiveness. The review addresses the present challenges, Life Cycle Assessment, biocompatibility and toxicity of glucose biosensors in therapeutics, along with the limitations and future potential of bimetallic and trimetallic biosensors concerning their stability, reproducibility, toxicity, industrial adoption, circular economy and environmental impact. It also discusses other innovative systems and the challenges of scaling and commercializing them.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.52783/jchr.v15.i5.1053
Formulation, Development and Design of Sustained Release Acne Retinaldehyde Cream
Get PDFA chronic, multifactorial dermatological disorder, acne vulgaris has serious effects on both the body and the mind. Retinaldehyde (RAL), a vitamin A derivative, is a promising therapy option for acne because of its strong anti-inflammatory, keratolytic, and antibacterial qualities. Its intrinsic instability, photodegradability, and irritability, however, limit its therapeutic use. The goal of this study was to create a sustained-release cream formulation of retinaldehyde in order to improve patient compliance and therapeutic efficacy by enhancing stability, enabling controlled drug delivery, and minimizing side effects.
In order to maximize stability and release kinetics, the cream was designed using a new three-phase emulsion-based approach that included bioactive excipients and sophisticated encapsulating processes. The issues of regulated medication release, oxidative degradation, and compatibility with sensitive and acne-prone skin were all addressed by important formulation techniques. The cream\u27s physicochemical characteristics, rheological behavior, stability in a range of environments, and antibacterial capability were all thoroughly examined.
A framework for extended therapeutic activity is provided by the sustained-release design, which also reduces discomfort and guarantees steady drug availability. The potential of retinaldehyde in contemporary acne treatment is highlighted by this novel formulation, which also shows that prevalent issues with topical retinoids can be resolved with sophisticated pharmaceutical design
Synthesis and Biological Activity of Novel Imidazole Based Chalcone Derivatives.
Get PDFAim: To synthesize novel imidazole-based chalcone derivatives and assess their biological activities for potential drug development.
Method: The novel imidazole-based chalcone derivatives were synthesized by reacting benzylamine, dihydroxyacetone, and potassium thiocyanate, forming (1-benzyl-2-mercapto-1H-imidazol-5-yl) methanol. The introduction of methyl or ethyl iodide, coupled with oxidation using magnesium dioxide, yielded the target compounds by alkylation and oxidation method. Claisen-Schmidt condensation with various acetophenones under methanolic sodium hydroxide facilitated further derivatization. Structural elucidation involved Spectroscopic analysis and mass spectrometry, followed by antimicrobial activity testing.
Results: Compounds (9a-9j’) demonstrated varied antibacterial efficacy. Compound 9b exhibited notable activity against B. cereus and E. coli (MIC 125 µg/mL and 62.5 µg/mL). Compound 9e showed significant antibacterial activity across strains (MIC 50-125 µg/mL), and 9c consistently inhibited S. aureus, B. cereus, and P. aeruginosa (MIC 250 µg/mL). Compounds 9g and 9j’ displayed diverse antibacterial effects, indicating potential selectivity.
Conclusions: In conclusion, the synthesized imidazole-based chalcone derivatives exhibit promising antimicrobial potential, supported by methodological alignment and consistent observations in antibacterial and antifungal activities. The innovative inclusion of oxidation steps enhances structural diversity, emphasizing their efficacy against bacterial and fungal infections
Formulation and Evaluation of Herbal Gel Containing Root Extract of Mimosa Pudica (Lajjalu)
Get PDFIntroduction: Traditional medicines are a vital part of healthcare systems. Plants and plant extracts are the primary source of health treatment for majority of the global population. The present study is aimed at formulating topical gel using methanolic extract of Mimosa pudica plant. It is also known as lajjalu, belongs to the Fabaceae family. It contains mimosine and turgorin. Herbal gels have greater shelf life, non-toxic, safe, effective, eco-friendly and biocompatible.
Materials and Method: The gel was prepared using the Carbopol 934 and dried methanolic extract of lajjalu roots. Gel was evaluated for its pH, appearance and homogeneity, viscosity, spreadability, drug content, skin irritation studies and drug diffusion studies.
Results and Discussion: The gel had brownish colour with a semi-solid appearance, smooth on application, optimum viscosity, and pH values ranged from 6 to 7. The gel was homogeneous without gritty particles, evenly distributed, extrudability was good, and gel does not produce any irritation, redness on application. Drug content was 89.72%. The diffusion test resulted in good drug release.
Conclusion: The present research suggests that lajjalu gel formulation hold tremendous promise as a safe and effective topical gel. The herbal gel can be considered a potential candidate for topical applications in treating wounds, skin infections, and inflammation
Bacteria to Biomarkers: The Oral Microbiome’s Role in Oscc Detection and Treatment
Get PDFOral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) represents the most prevalent malignancy of head and neck cancers, accounting for over 90% of oral cancers globally. The incidence of OSCC is particularly high in Asian nations such as Bangladesh, India, and Sri Lanka, where tobacco use, alcohol consumption, and chronic inflammation are prevalent risk factors. Emerging research highlights a strong association between OSCC and specific bacterial species within the oral microbiome, suggesting that microbiota dysbiosis may contribute to cancer progression. Although bacterial species like Capnocytophaga gingivalis, Prevotella melaninogenica, S. mitis, and F. nucleatum are found in elevated quantities in OSCC samples, no definitive biomarkers for diagnosis have been established. Recent studies underscore the dynamic role of the microbiome in cancer advancement, with findings from Yang et al. at Chang Gung Memorial Hospital in Taiwan indicating that the prevalence of bacterial species such as Parvimonas micra and Fusobacterium periodonticum increases in advanced OSCC stages. These results suggest the potential of microbial profiles as non-invasive diagnostic tools for OSCC surveillance. Furthermore, research by Stashenko et al. using germ-free murine models has shown that the presence of an oral microbiome, irrespective of origin, significantly accelerates OSCC progression, driven by metabolic activity within the microbiome rather than its specific composition. These insights support the hypothesis that targeting microbiome function could offer innovative diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for OSCC, highlighting the value of microbiome modulation in cancer prevention and management
Applications of Cone Beam Computed Tomography (Cbct) in Periodontology: A Comprehensive Review
Get PDFCone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) has transformed diagnostic and therapeutic approaches in periodontology by offering unparalleled three-dimensional imaging capabilities. Its applications span across diagnosing periodontal diseases, assessing alveolar bone morphology, planning regenerative and surgical interventions, and managing complex periodontal conditions such as furcation defects, peri-implantitis, and traumatic injuries. The technology provides precise visualization of hard and soft tissues, significantly improving clinical outcomes. Furthermore, CBCT plays a crucial role in interdisciplinary treatments, such as orthodontic-periodontic collaborations, by aiding in the assessment of bone support and potential risks. Despite its advantages, challenges like radiation exposure, cost, and the need for specialized expertise underscore the importance of its judicious application. Emerging advancements, including artificial intelligence integration and enhanced imaging software, are poised to expand CBCT’s utility in periodontal care. This review aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of CBCT’s current applications, limitations, and future potential in periodontology.