Journal of Chemical Health Risks (Islamic Azad University, Iran)
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Ethnobotanical, Phytochemical, and Cytomorphological Evaluation of some Viola Species from Riparian Vegetation along the Beas River of Himachal Pradesh
No full textIntroduction: Viola, commonly known as violets, is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Violaceae. It is the largest genus of the family, encompassing more than 695 recognized species.
Objectives: The present study evaluated the ethnobotanical, cytogenetic, and phytochemical characteristics of Viola biflora, Viola canescens, and Viola serpens from riparian habitats along the Beas River, Himachal Pradesh.
Methods: Information was collected through simple interviews, open-ended questionnaires, friendly discussions, and field walks where informants showed the plants directly in their natural habitats.
Results: Ethnobotanical surveys revealed that these species are traditionally used by local communities to manage respiratory ailments, inflammation, fever, cough, and cold. Cytogenetic analysis demonstrated stable diploid chromosome numbers in V. biflora and V. canescens (2n = 12), whereas V. serpens exhibited two cytotypes (2n = 12 and 2n = 16), reflecting intraspecific chromosomal variability. Meiotic behavior was largely regular, resulting in high pollen fertility across species. Phytochemical profiling using GC–MS of methanolic extracts of V. serpens from two populations revealed significant inter-population variation. The Mandi population showed fifteen metabolites dominated by n-hexadecanoic acid (28.75%) and 10-undecyn-1-ol (26.97%), whereas the Kullu population exhibited thirty-two compounds, with 9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid, methyl ester (19.57%), 9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid (11.44%), and n-hexadecanoic acid (10.63%) as major constituents, indicating greater chemical diversity.
Conclusions: The findings highlight the ethnobotanical importance, cytogenetic stability, and phytochemical richness of these species, providing a basis for conservation, pharmacological research, and the sustainable utilization of Himalayan Viola specie
An Insight to Biomarkers for Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma
No full textIntroduction: Pancreatic Ductal Adeno Carcinoma (PDAC) is most devastating tumour destroying human life in recent times. The lethal nature of this aggressive disease is shown by the fact that incidence rate and mortality rate are almost equivalent to each other.
Objective: This review exhibits an effective look towards advanced biomarkers having potential to redeem the shortcomings of a traditionally used CA 19-9 and CEA. CA 19-9 and CEA are used routinely for prognosis. It is the biomarker accepted by the FDA, for PDAC despite this it fails to serve as a benchmark for biomarkers, the robustness being the severe issue including the drawbacks like lack of specificity and sensitivity, absence of expression in Lewis negative phenotype and higher false positive increase observed in obstructive jaundice.
Results: Thus, this review aims to throw light to the new and exciting areas of biomarkers present in serum, saliva, pancreatic juice, stool marker which are likely on the horizon. In this literature we have peaked at glance on various kinds of biomarkers and to make differentiation between them i.e. diagnostic, prognostic and predictive
Prosthodontic-Periodontic Factors in Implant Success: A Multidisciplinary Approach
No full textAim
To assess and analyze, with a focus on interdisciplinary treatment planning, execution, and maintenance, the combined prosthodontic and periodontic aspects that contribute to the long-term success, stability, and usefulness of dental implants.
Method
100 patients had dental implant therapy over a 12-month period as part of a prospective clinical research. There were 150 implants in all. Preoperative records were made of periodontic factors such as keratinized gingiva width, bone quality (Type I–IV), and history of periodontitis. Following restoration, prosthodontic factors such as implant placement, prosthesis retention type (cement-retained versus screw-retained), occlusal scheme, and crown material were assessed. At baseline and 3, 6, and 12 months after placement, clinical and radiographic evaluations were carried out. Albrektsson\u27s criterion and the lack of problems such peri-implantitis, mobility, or considerable bone loss were used to define implant success. Chi-square and independent t-tests were used for statistical analysis, with a significance level of p < 0.05.
Result
After a year, 142 (94.6%) of the 150 implants were considered effective. Patients with good bone quality (Type I/II: 96.7%) and ≥2 mm keratinized mucosa (97.1%) had a greater success rate. The success rate was lower in patients with a history of periodontitis (89.7%) than in patients who were periodontally healthy (97.5%) (p < 0.05). In terms of prosthodontics, screw-retained prostheses had a greater success rate (96%) compared to cement-retained prostheses (91%) (p = 0.048). Implants with mutually protected occlusion and optimal 3D placement showed noticeably improved results. Zirconia and PFM restorations did not differ statistically significantly (p > 0.05). Peri-implant mucositis (6.7%), peri-implantitis (5.3%), and prosthetic problems such screw loosening (4%) were among the complications.
Conclusion
Both prosthodontic and periodontic factors have a major impact on dental implant success. Implant longevity is improved by enough keratinized mucosa, good bone quality, and the lack of previous periodontal disease. Prosthodontic precision, which includes perfect implant location, screw-retained prostheses, and appropriate occlusal design, further enhances favorable results. To maximize implant longevity and minimize problems, a prosthetically driven, interdisciplinary approach is necessary
Assessment of the Antibacterial, Antioxidant, and Phytochemical Potential of Fernandoa Adenophylla, Curcuma Caesia, and Melaleuca Alternifolia
No full textThis study evaluates the antibacterial, antioxidant, and phytochemical profiles of three medicinal plants: Karenwood (Fernandoa adenophylla), Black Turmeric (Curcuma caesia), and Tea Tree (Melaleuca alternifolia) oil. Extracts were prepared using various solvents (aqueous, n-hexane, and ethanol) and subjected to preliminary phytochemical screening, quantitative estimation of total phenolics and flavonoids, and in vitro antioxidant assays including DPPH, ABTS, and hydrogen peroxide scavenging. Antibacterial activity was assessed against six bacterial strains, including Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, using the agar-cup plate method. Phytochemical analysis revealed diverse secondary metabolites across the species, including flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids, and alkaloids. Quantitative results indicated that the ethanolic extract of C. caesia (CCE3) contained the highest total phenolic content (308.570 ±6.088 µg/ml) and demonstrated superior antioxidant potency in DPPH and ABTS assays. While Tea Tree Oil (TTO) exhibited the highest total flavonoid content (840 ±0.025µg/ml), it also emerged as the most potent antimicrobial agent, showing the largest Zones of Inhibition (ZOI) against P. aeruginosa (15 mm) and E. coli (14 mm). These findings reinforce the therapeutic potential of C. caesia and M. alternifolia as natural sources of antioxidants and antimicrobials, driven by their rich phenolic and terpenoid profiles
Evaluation of Caregivers Sense of Coherence and Its Association with Oral Health Status of Children with Down Syndrome
No full textAim:
Due to altered salivary patterns, craniofacial anomalies, and impaired manual dexterity, those with Down syndrome (DS) tend to be more prone to experience oral health issues. Caregivers’ Sense of Coherence (SOC), a psychological component influencing health, may have an impact on the child\u27s dental health. Hence the aim of this study was to evaluate and compare caregivers’ SOC and oral health status of children with and without DS in Lucknow city.
Materials and Methods: 208 children (104 DS, 104 controls) aged 8–16 years and their caregivers participated in a cross-sectional, descriptive study. SOC was measured using Antonovsky’s SOC-13 scale, and oral health was evaluated using DMFT/dmft, PUFA/pufa, Plaque Index (PI), Gingival Index (GI), malocclusion assessment, and salivary flow rate. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS (Version 21) with statistical significance set at p<0.05.
Results: Children with DS had significantly lower caries prevalence but higher plaque, gingival bleeding, malocclusion, and reduced salivary flow compared to control group (p<0.001). Caregivers of DS children showed significantly lower SOC scores (49.5) than controls (59.9). A significant positive association was identified between caregivers’ SOC and children’s oral health status.
Conclusion: Caregivers’ SOC strongly influences the oral health of children with DS. Interventions to strengthen caregiver SOC may improve both psychosocial well-being and oral health outcomes in this vulnerable population.
Clinical significance: Caregivers’ Sense of Coherence (SOC) significantly influences oral health outcomes of children, with maternal SOC acting as a key resource in promoting dental well-being. Integrating the salutogenic framework into interventions may enhance parental SOC and foster healthier family environments for improved pediatric oral health
Cancer Biology from an Ayurvedic Perspective: A Conceptual Review
No full textIntroduction
Cancer, a multifactorial and progressive disorder, is increasingly recognized as a manifestation of chronic inflammation, metabolic imbalance, and immune dysregulation. While modern medicine primarily conceptualizes it as a disease driven by genetic mutations and molecular alterations, Ayurveda provides a distinct lens, viewing cancer as a systemic derangement rather than a localized pathology. According to Ayurvedic principles, the imbalance of Tridoṣa, accumulation of Āma (metabolic waste), and dysfunction of Dhatvagni (tissue metabolism) collectively contribute to the pathogenesis of malignant conditions.
Objectives
The primary objective of this review is to elucidate cancer pathogenesis from an Ayurvedic perspective and to highlight the scope of integrative therapeutic strategies for its prevention and holistic management.
Methods
This review synthesizes classical Ayurvedic concepts with contemporary scientific insights. Traditional texts were analysed for references to pathological processes resembling cancer, including Doṣa vitiation, Āma accumulation, Agnimandya (impaired metabolism), and disease progression described through the framework of Śatkriyakāla. These concepts were then compared with modern biomedical understandings of subclinical inflammation, immune evasion, epigenetic changes, and tumour evolution. In addition, Ayurvedic therapeutic approaches such as Ritucarya (seasonal detoxification), Āhāra-Vihāra (individualized diet and lifestyle), and Rasāyana (rejuvenative therapies) were evaluated for their potential relevance in integrative oncology.
Results
The analysis suggests that Ayurvedic descriptions of chronic doṣa imbalance and āma accumulation parallel modern concepts of systemic inflammation and metabolic dysfunction underlying carcinogenesis. The progression of disease through stages of śatkriyakāla resonates with current models of tumour initiation, promotion, and progression. Early manifestations, comparable to vraṇasopha (inflammatory swelling), represent critical stages where preventive interventions may be most effective. Ayurvedic modalities, including lifestyle regulation, dietary interventions, detoxification practices, and rasāyana therapy, aim to restore metabolic harmony, enhance immune surveillance, and maintain tissue integrity. These approaches, when integrated with modern diagnostics and systems biology, offer a patient-centred, holistic model for cancer management.
Conclusions
Ayurveda provides a coherent conceptual framework to interpret cancer not as an isolated lesion but as a systemic imbalance. Integrative approaches that combine Ayurvedic principles with scientific validation hold promise for advancing both preventive strategies and long-term management of cancer. Such a holistic perspective underscores the importance of personalized care, aiming not only to reduce disease burden but also to promote overall well-bein
A Rare Case of Rapunzel Syndrome Causing Small Bowel Obstruction.
No full textRapunzel syndrome is a rare form of bezoar in which trichobezoar is seen mostly in sufferers with records of psychiatric disorders, trichotillomania (dependency on hair pulling) and trichophagia (morbid addiction to chewing hair), consequently developing gastric bezoars. The fundamental signs are vomiting and epigastric ache. In this case report, we describe this syndrome in a younger female
Effect of Chlorpyrifos on Morphological Phenomenon of Earth Worm Lampito Mauritii (Kinberg)
No full textThe study aimed to assess the toxicological effects of organophospate pesticide chlorpyrifos on Lampito mauritii(Kinberg) .The lethal concentrations (LC50 ) were measured experimentally by exposing the earthworms in artificial soil test. The study revealed that chlorpyrifos was found to be the most hazardous insecticide at a 48-hour period, with a LC50 value of severe toxic 1to 10μgcm-2 against the earthworms. Few morphological signs like curling and mucus secretion bulging of clitellum were observed. 
Evaluation and Comparison of Occlusal Contacts Using T-Scan in Maximum Intercuspation and Balanced Occlusion at Different Values of Semi-Adjustable Articulator – An In-Vitro Study
No full textIntroduction The purpose of this study is to evaluate the occlusal contacts using T-scan in maximum intercuspation and balanced occlusion and comparison of the results.
Methods: Edentulous molds are used to pour casts in dental stone. Denture base and occlusal rims were fabricated and then mounted on Hanau wide vue semi-adjustible articulator at different values. In the first group (n=6), teeth arrangement was done in maximum intercuspation and the other group (n=6), had teeth arranged in balanced occlusion. The occlusal contacts of both the groups were checked with T-scan in various mandibular movements and the results were evaluated.
Results: No statistically significant difference was found between both the groups tested.
Conclusions: Within the limitations of the current study, it was seen that there were no statistically significant differences seen in occlusal contacts when a balanced occlusion denture was fabricated using conventional methods to that of using an 8” occlusal plane template. Further in-vivo studies are required to ascertain whether one is superior when compared to the other.
Key Messages: Balanced occlusion is a preferred occlusal scheme for complete denture patients to enhance stability of dentures. However, the occlusal contacts in balanced occlusal scheme has not yet been proven to be superior when compared with conventional methods
Assessing Hospital Wastewater in High-Altitude Himalayan District: Physico-chemical Insights and Environmental Risks
No full textHospitals are facilities that require a large amount of water of a specific quality and in hygienic conditions continuously. However, providing hospitals with enough water, both in terms of quality and quantity, has become a significant expense in communities where the water supply is challenging and the water quality is poor. In addition, the structure of hospital wastewater contains a large number of macro and micro-contaminants. These contaminants have significant detrimental effects on both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. As a result, hospitals are now required to install and run integrated water and wastewater management systems within the framework of the sustainability concept. The present study investigated the physico-chemical characteristics and environmental implications of hospital wastewater from the Government Hospital, Keylong, Himachal Pradesh, where effluents are treated in an on-site sewage treatment plant (STP) before discharge into a nearby river. Wastewater samples were collected at both influent and effluent points, and analyzed for key parameters including pH, temperature, conductivity, turbidity, TSS, TDS, hardness, COD, BOD, chloride, sulfate, calcium, and magnesium using APHA standard methods. The Biodegradability Index (BOD₅/COD ratio) was also calculated. Results indicated that raw effluents exhibited elevated BOD (428 mg/L), COD (1192 mg/L), turbidity (173.5 NTU), TDS (4554.4 mg/L), hardness (361.3 mg/L), chloride (1397 mg/L), calcium (276 mg/L), and magnesium (100.5 mg/L), with several parameters exceeding CPCB permissible limits. Treated and downstream samples, however, generally complied with standards, reflecting effective reduction in organic and inorganic pollutant loads. The Biodegradability Index decreased from 0.33 in the influent to 0.10 in treated the effluent, indicating lower biodegradability after treatment. Stable pH (6.44–8.24) and temperature (21.3–22.0 °C) suggested favourable microbial activity and minimal thermal pollution risks. Nonetheless, high ionic loads, fluctuating chloride, and sulfate values highlight sporadic discharges and the potential for ecological stress. In conclusion, while the STP achieved substantial pollutant reduction, persistent exceedances in raw influent emphasize the need for stricter source control, advanced treatment integration, and continuous monitoring to safeguard aquatic ecosystems and public health in fragile Himalayan environments.