Journal of Chemical Health Risks (Islamic Azad University, Iran)
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Proximate and Sensory Evaluation of the Composite of Finger, Foxtail and Little Millets
Get PDFIntroduction: Millets are nutrient-dense grains, abundant in proteins, fiber, essential minerals, vitamins, and bioactive substances. They help lower the chance of lifestyle-associated conditions such as cardiovascular problems, diabetes and some chronic disorders due to their low glycemic response and health-promoting qualities. This study was undertaken to prepare a nutritionally balanced millet composite by mixing three millets, i.e. foxtail, finger and little.
Methods: The millet composite was prepared by mixing finger, foxtail, and little millets in a ratio of 1:1:1, and the mixture was soaked in water for 8 to 10 hours. The water was decanted and the residual material was termed as composite. The sensory analysis was done by 30 panelists using a 9-point hedonic scale. Proximate analysis of the composite was done by standardized methods.
Results: Proximate analysis of the composite revealed 67% carbohydrate, 9.16 % protein, 1.3 % fat, 13.4% moisture, 7.84 % fiber, 1.36 % ash, and an energy value of 316 Kcal. Sensory evaluation of the composite showed sensory score, i.e. 8.4±0.2 for color, 8.3±0.3 for texture, 8.5±0.3 for flavor, 8.5±0.2 for taste and 8.3±0.3 for overall acceptability.
Conclusions: Composite having three of the millets (foxtail, finger and little millets) was found to be superior not only in terms of enriching nutritional components but also for its taste, texture, color, flavor, and overall acceptability.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.52783/jchr.v15.i5.989
Impact of Environmental Carcinogens on Cancer Incidence: Long-term Exposure to Air Pollutants, Pesticides, and Industrial Chemicals as Cancer Risk Factors
Get PDFBackground: Environmental carcinogens, including air pollutants, pesticides, and industrial chemicals, are increasingly recognized as significant contributors to cancer incidence worldwide. However, their independent role in cancer development in the Indian population remains underexplored.
Objective: To assess the association between long-term exposure to environmental carcinogens and cancer incidence in a hospital-based population.
Methods: A case–control study was conducted across three tertiary care hospitals in Central India between 2022 and 2024. A total of 250 newly diagnosed, histologically confirmed cancer patients and 250 age- and sex-matched non-cancer controls were enrolled. Data on socio-demographic factors, lifestyle habits, and environmental exposures were collected using a structured questionnaire. Exposures to air pollutants, pesticides, and industrial chemicals were categorized based on occupational history, residential proximity, and duration of contact. Logistic regression was performed to calculate odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), adjusting for smoking, alcohol, and socio-economic status.
Results: Exposure to environmental carcinogens was significantly higher among cases compared to controls. Air pollutant exposure (46.8% vs. 21.6%, OR=3.12, 95% CI: 2.05–4.75), pesticide exposure (39.2% vs. 17.2%, OR=3.05, 95% CI: 1.94–4.81), and industrial chemical exposure (28.0% vs. 10.4%, OR=3.40, 95% CI: 1.99–5.83) were independently associated with increased cancer risk. Multivariate analysis confirmed these associations after adjusting for confounders. Lung, head and neck, gastrointestinal, and hematological malignancies were most strongly linked to environmental exposures.
Conclusion: Long-term exposure to air pollutants, pesticides, and industrial chemicals substantially increases cancer risk. Public health policies focusing on pollution control, pesticide regulation, and occupational safety are essential to reduce environmentally induced cancers
Risk Factors Determining to Uterine Myoma among Women in Semarang: A Case- Control Study
Get PDFUterine myoma is a benign monoclonal tumor originating from myometrium smooth muscle cells; it is the most common gynecological disease in reproductive-age women. There are many risk factors contributing to the occurrence of uterine myoma, including age, race, hormonal status, obesity, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, family history, contraceptive use, lifestyle, and diet. The incidence of uterine myoma in Semarang has significantly increased in recent years, necessitating research to identify the factors associated with this condition. This study aims to analyze the relationship between age, menarche, parity, family history, obesity, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, contraceptive use, lifestyle, diet, and the occurrence of uterine myoma in Semarang. The study employed an observational analytical approach with a case-control design, with 44 respondents in each group. Data were collected through medical records and interviews with patients diagnosed with uterine myoma at Dr. Kariadi General Hospital Semarang. Statistical analysis was conducted to determine the relationship between risk factors and the occurrence of uterine myoma. The results showed that age, parity status, family history of uterine myoma, and hypertension had a significant association with the uterine myoma incidence (p < 0,05). Additionally, a high-fat and low-fiber diet, exposure to stress, and a sedentary lifestyle contributed to an increased risk. In conclusion, various risk factors such as hormonal and metabolic factors play a role in the occurrence of uterine myoma. Therefore, prevention strategies should focus on weight management, blood pressure control, healthy diet, and regular physical activity. Although the results of this study show the influence of several risk factors on the development of fibroids, further research is necessary to understand all the risk factors contributing to the growth of myomas and how exactly these risk factors influence the pathogenesis of myomas
Cytotoxic Evaluation of a Novel Herbal Topical Anesthetic Gel on Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells: An In Vitro Study
Get PDFBackground: Herbal products are gaining attention in dentistry as safer alternatives to synthetic agents. Spilanthesacmella, a medicinal plant with known anesthetic properties, contains spilanthol, which produces a characteristic numbing effect. However, its cytotoxic profile on human cells must be established before clinical application.
Aim: To evaluate the cytotoxicity of a novel herbal topical anesthetic gel containing S. acmella on human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs).
Materials and Methods: An herbal gel was prepared using Soxhlet extraction of S. acmella whole plant powder, incorporated into a polyethylene glycol base, and flavored for palatability. hMSCs were cultured and exposed to varying concentrations (100–1000 µg/mL) of the gel for 24 hours. Cytotoxicity was assessed using the MTT assay, and absorbance was measured at 570 nm to determine cell viability.
Results: The gel demonstrated a concentration-dependent cytotoxic effect. At 100 µg/mL, cell viability was 90.34%, while at 200 µg/mL it declined to 78.98%. Further increases in concentration resulted in progressively lower viability, with only 39.02% survival at 1000 µg/mL. The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) was calculated as 803.52 µg/mL. Based on these findings, the maximum recommended safe concentration was 0.8 mg.
Conclusion: The S. acmella herbal anesthetic gel exhibited high biocompatibility at lower concentrations and dose-dependent cytotoxicity at higher concentrations. These results indicate its potential as a safe, natural topical anesthetic in pediatric dentistry, warranting further in vivo and clinical validation
A Comparative Study of 27g Quincke And 27g Whitacre Spinal Needle on the Incidence of Post Dural Puncture Headache Following Spinal Anaesthesia in Elective Caesarean Section in a Tertiary Care Hospital, Chengalpattu District – A Randomized Controlled Tria
Get PDFwomen and infants, and minimal systemic drug exposure. Despite these advantages, Post Dural Puncture Headache is a significant side effect, particularly for obstetric patients.The design and gauge of the spinal needle are pivotal factors influencing PDPH incidence.
Objective: To conduct a comparative evaluation of 27G Quincke (cutting-tip) and 27G Whitacre (a traumatic, pencil-point) spinal needles in parturients undergoing elective cesarean section, with a focus on the incidence, severity, and clinical presentation of PDPH, as well as procedural success and complications.
Methods: A prospective, randomised, double-blind clinical experiment planned 120 ASA I-II parturient elective caesarean births. The use of a Quincke or Whitacre 27G needle for spinal anaesthesia was randomly allocated to the participants. Demographic information, PDPH incidence and severity, number of tries, time to CSF flow, unsuccessful blocks, start and duration of symptoms, and related factors were all documented. We used suitable tests to statistically analyse the data, and we regarded a p-value less than 0.05 to be significant.
Results: Demographic similarities ensured baseline homogeneity in both groups. With a p-value of just 0.04 for PDPH, the Whitacre group had a far lower incidence of 3.3% than the Quincke group (10.0%). Whitacre showed less PDPH length, less intensity, and fewer related symptoms, while both needle types had good procedural success rates. Time to CSF detection and number of attempts were similar between groups, indicating no compromise in procedural efficiency.
Conclusion: The 27G Whitacre needle offers a clear clinical advantage over the Quincke design in reducing PDPH and its associated morbidity without sacrificing procedural efficacy. These findings strongly advocate for the routine use of a traumatic pencil-point needles in obstetric anaesthesia to improve postpartum recovery, maternal satisfaction, and overall anaesthetic outcomes
Comparative Evaluation of the Compressive Strength of Self-Cure and Light-Cure Glass Ionomer-Based Cements in a Simulated Oral Environment: An In Vitro Study
Get PDFBackground: Glass Ionomer Cements (GICs) are commonly used in pediatric restorative dentistry due to chemical adhesion, fluoride release and biocompatibility. Mechanical strength - particularly compressive strength is important when selecting GICs for stress-bearing restorations.
Aim: To compare the compressive strength of two self-cure and two light-cure glass ionomer-based restorative materials after storage in artificial saliva.
Materials and Methods: An in vitro study was performed on 20 cylindrical specimens prepared using prefabricated Teflon molds (4 mm diameter × 6 mm height). Subgroups (n = 5 each): A1 — ChemFil Rock (self-cure), A2 — GC Fuji IX GP Fast (self-cure), B1 — GC Fuji II LC (light-cure), B2 — Ketac N100 (light-cure). Specimens were prepared per manufacturer instructions, stored incommercially available artificial saliva at 37°C for 2 weeks, and tested for compressive strength using an Instron universal testing machine (cross-head speed 1.0 mm/min). Compressive strength was calculated in MPa. Data are presented as mean ± SD.One-way ANOVA (subgroup comparison) followed by Tukey’s HSD post-hoc test, and an independent t-test (Group A vs Group B) were performed (SPSS v22). Significance set at p ≤ 0.05.
Results: Means (MPa): A1 81.4 ± 2.30; A2 77.0 ± 1.58; B1 90.0 ± 1.58; B2 83.0 ± 1.58. One-way ANOVA: F(3,16) = 45.56, p = 4.63×10⁻8. Independent t-test (self- vs light-cure): t(18) = −4.65, p = 0.0002.
Conclusion: Light-cure glass ionomer-based cements showed significantly higher compressive strength than self-cure GICs under the conditions tested. GC Fuji II LC demonstrated the highest compressive strength among tested materials
Comparison of Glycosylated Hemoglobin (HBA1C) And Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) In Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Get PDFBackground: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is associated with adverse maternal and fetal outcomes, and timely diagnosis is crucial. The oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) is the current gold standard, but it is time-consuming, inconvenient, and often poorly tolerated. Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) offers practical advantages as it does not require fasting and reflects long-term glycemic control.
Aim: To compare HbA1c and OGTT in the diagnosis of GDM.
Methods: This case control study was conducted on 190 pregnant women between 24–28 weeks of gestation, divided into two groups: Group I (n=95 healthy controls) and Group II (n=95 diagnosed GDM cases). All participants underwent a standard 75 g OGTT with 2 hours, along with HbA1c estimation. Statistical analysis included Student’s t-test, Pearson correlation, ROC analysis, and calculation of sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, and accuracy.
Results: Women with GDM had significantly higher HbA1c (6.00 ± 0.50%) compared to controls (5.10 ± 0.30%, p<0.001). OGTT values ( 2-hour) were also significantly elevated in the GDM group (all p<0.001). HbA1c correlated strongly with OGTT values, especially with 2-hour plasma glucose (r=0.71, p<0.001). Using a diagnostic cut-off of ≥5.7%, HbA1c yielded sensitivity of 82%, specificity of 90%, PPV of 89.1%, NPV of 83.3%, and accuracy of 86%. Feasibility assessment revealed that HbA1c required less time, lower cost, and was better tolerated compared to OGTT.
Conclusion: HbA1c demonstrates good diagnostic performance and high feasibility in comparison with OGTT. While it cannot fully replace OGTT, it may serve as a valuable adjunct and potential screening tool for GDM, particularly in resource-limited settings
Synthesis and Cytotoxic Activity of Novel Vit E infused Nanogel Formulation: An In Vitro Study
Get PDFBackground: Vitamin E, a group of fat-soluble compounds first discovered in 1922, is valued for its various properties and includes tocopherols and tocotrienols. This study introduces a novel vitamin E-infused nanogel formulated with biodegradable chitosan nanoparticles, which enhances targeted drug delivery. This present study aims to synthesize a novel vitamin E-infused nano gel formulation and to evaluate the cytotoxic effects on the oral cancer cell line.
Materials and Methods: Formulation was prepared by combining 5 grams of Vitamin E powder, 0.5 grams of Chitosan, 0.2 milliliters of Tween 80, and 10 milliliters of Monosodium Phosphate in 90 milliliters of distilled water. This mixture was then heated to 55°C for 30 minutes while stirring with a magnetic stirrer. After heating, the mixture was lyophilized to form a gel. The cytotoxicity of the formulation was assessed using the MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay on the oral cancer cell line.
Results: The cytotoxic activity of the vitamin E-infused nanogel was evaluated at various concentrations, including 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120, 140, 160, 180, and 200 µg/mL, and was compared to both a control and a negative control group. The results showed a dose-dependent decrease in cell viability, indicating significant cytotoxic effects of the formulation on oral cancer cell lines. The formulation has shown high efficacy at a concentration of 120 µg/mL
Conclusion: This study highlights the potential of a vitamin E-infused nanogel with enhanced cytotoxic activity against oral cancer cell lines. Utilizing biodegradable chitosan nanoparticles, the nanogel ensures targeted drug delivery, improves adherence, and reduces side effects. It shows promise as an effective alternative for treating oral potentially malignant disorders and mucocutaneous conditions. Future research should explore its efficacy through in-vivo studies and clinical trials
Minimally Invasive Surgical Therapy in Periodontology-A Comprehensive Review
Get PDFMinimally invasive surgical therapy (MIST) has introduced a new direction in periodontology, offering reliable outcomes with less surgical trauma. Traditional periodontal surgeries often required extensive flap elevation, which contributed to complications such as gingival recession, root sensitivity, and esthetic concerns. MIST is based on limited incisions, split-thickness flap elevation, advanced visualization with loupes, microscopes, or videoscopes, and precise wound closure that maintains blood supply and accelerates healing. These features improve patient comfort while supporting predictable regenerative success. The approach is applied in regenerative procedures, mucogingival surgeries, and implant interventions. Techniques such as the Whale’s Tail design, Pinhole Surgical Technique, and Vestibular Incision Subperiosteal Tunnel Access have shown promising esthetic and functional outcomes. In implantology, modified trephination and balloon-assisted sinus lift highlight its clinical versatility. Although MIST is technique-sensitive and requires advanced training, future integration of imaging technologies and robotic assistance may enhance precision. Collectively, it represents a patient-centered and regenerative approach in periodontal therapy
“Successful Management of Fibromyalgia Through Ayurveda - A Case Report”
Get PDFBackground: Fibromyalgia (FM) is a chronic condition characterized by widespread musculoskeletal pain, fatigue, cognitive disturbances, and various somatic and psychiatric symptoms. The pathophysiology of FM remains unclear, and it is considered idiopathic. Despite the presence of soft tissue pain, there is no evidence of tissue inflammation. In India, the prevalence of FM is estimated to be around 2% in the general population. Ayurvedically, it is correlated with Kaphavruta Vata, presenting with symptoms such as sandhi Ruja (joint pain), gati Sanga (impaired gait), and body stiffness.
Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of Ayurvedic treatment in a chronic case of fibromyalgia using the Revised Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQR) as an outcome measure.
Clinical Findings: A 76-year-old male patient with a 6-year history of fibromyalgia presented with generalized joint pain, body stiffness, and gait disturbance. Based on Ayurvedic diagnosis, the condition was identified as Kaphavruta Vata. Treatment was initiated with procedures aimed at removing Avarana (obstruction), followed by Vatahara Chikitsa.
Outcome: The patient underwent Ayurvedic therapies targeting both Avarana and Vata. Significant improvement in clinical symptoms was observed, with marked relief in pain, stiffness, and gait. Post-treatment assessment using the FIQR demonstrated a considerable reduction in the impact score, indicating clinical efficacy.
Conclusion: This case report highlights the potential of Ayurvedic management, particularly Avarana Removal followed by Vatahara Chikitsa, in providing symptomatic relief in fibromyalgia. The improvement in FIQR scores post-treatment underscores the effectiveness of a classical Ayurvedic approach in managing this chronic condition