Journal of Chemical Health Risks (Islamic Azad University, Iran)
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Foregut Artery Meets Hindgut Territory: A Unique Case of Splenic Artery Supplying Left Colic Flexure with Presence of Pga and Dpa
Get PDFBackground: Coeliac trunk is the artery of foregut. The present case report is a unique constellation of vascular variations where intrapancreatic splenic artery with its branch supplying to the left colic flexure, presence of dorsal pancreatic artery arising from the common hepatic artery and the presence of posterior gastric artery originating from the splenic artery. This finding is unique as the splenic branch of coeliac trunk which is the artery of foregut is supplying the left colic flexure which is derivative of hindgut. Combination of such different vascular branching patterns in a single case is very rare. The knowledge of such variations are clinically significant to surgeons and radiologists for gastric cancer surgeries like total or subtotal gastrectomy, bariatric surgeries, pancreatic transplantations, gastric artery aneurysms, pancreatico-duodenectomy and surgery for insulinoma
Outcomes of Cataract Surgery in Patients with Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Systematic Review
Get PDFBackground: Cataract and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) are major causes of visual impairment in the elderly and often coexist. The role of cataract surgery in improving visual and functional outcomes in patients with AMD remains an area of clinical interest and debate.
Aim: To evaluate the outcomes of cataract surgery in patients with AMD with respect to visual acuity, quality of life, and disease progression.
Methods: A systematic review of 16 studies published between 2000 and 2024 was conducted using PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar. Eligible studies included randomized controlled trials and observational studies assessing visual outcomes, quality of life, and AMD progression after cataract surgery. Data were extracted and synthesized using random-effects models, with heterogeneity quantified using I² statistics.
Results: Across the 16 included studies, cataract surgery was associated with significant improvements in visual acuity (pooled SMD ≈ −0.17 logMAR) and vision-related quality of life (pooled SMD ≈ 0.50). Functional outcomes, including reading speed and contrast sensitivity, also improved consistently. No convincing evidence was found that cataract surgery accelerates AMD progression, particularly in patients receiving modern anti-VEGF therapy. However, heterogeneity among studies was high (I² > 70%), reflecting variations in study design, AMD stage, and outcome measures.
Conclusion: Cataract surgery in AMD patients results in clinically relevant improvements in visual function and quality of life without significantly increasing the risk of disease progression. Careful patient selection and counseling remain crucial, particularly in advanced AMD where postoperative visual gains may be limited
A Research Paper on “Development of Risk of Pressure Injury”
Get PDFPressure, from lying or sitting on a particular part of the body results in reduced oxygen and nutrient supply, impaired drainage of waste products and damage to cells. If a patient with an existing pressure ulcer continues to lie or bear weight on the affected area, the tissues become depleted of blood flow and there is no oxygen or nutrient supply to the wound, and no removal of waste products from the wound, all of which are necessary for healing. Patients who cannot reposition themselves require assistance. International best practice advocates the use of repositioning as an integral component of a pressure ulcer management strategy. This review has been conducted to clarify the role of repositioning in the management of patients with pressure ulcers
Cytomorphometric Alteration of Oral Mucosa in type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Children.
Get PDFType 1 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a chronic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia due to deficiency of insulin secretion. Oral complications of diabetes is devastating. The oxidative stress caused by hyperglycemia alters cellular and molecular mechanisms which induce tissue injury. The mitochondria and nucleus are two major targets of oxidative stress due to hyperglycemia, which contain a variety of DNA repair enzymes to repair oxidant DNA modifications. The reduced salivary flow and atrophy of the oral mucosal cells could impact cytomorphometry of oral mucosal cells. The viability of invasive techniques for the evaluation of oral mucosal changes is diminished in diabetics. Alternatively oral exfoliative cytology combined with quantitative methods such as image analysis system has a potent diagnostic tool that allows a quick and fairly accurate assessment of cellular alteration by cytomorphometric analysis. The detection of these qualitative and quantitative cellular alterations by exfoliative cytology may aid in the diagnosis of diabetes Mellitu
Regional Variation in Nutritional Composition of Colocasia esculenta (L.) Leaves and Corms in Himachal Pradesh
Get PDFIntroduction: Colocasia esculenta (L.), a tuber crop commonly known as taro in English and arvi or kachalu in Hindi.
Objectives: The present study investigate the regional variation in the proximate and mineral analysis of Colocasia esculenta (L.) leaves and corms collected from diverse agro-climatic zones i.e. Kangra, Hamirpur, Bilaspur of Himachal Pradesh.
Methods: Proximate composition and energy was analysed using standard protocols. Mineral analysis done using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS).
Results: Significant differences were observed in proximate parameters and mineral analysis across eight samples. Sample WL (86.15%) and WC (73.45%) from the wild habitat of Kangra exhibit the highest moisture content. In contrast, KL and BC samples showed reduced moisture, suggesting superior dry matter accumulation and enhanced storability. Ash content ranged from 12.03% to 13.83% in leaves and 6.36% to 7.48% in corms, reflective of variable mineral content. Crude fat and fibre significantly higher in leaves than corms, with leaves (HL&WL) showing values of 4.31% and 35.25% respectively. Corms of traditional cultivar collected from Kangra region exhibit the highest food energy value (368.90 kJ/100g). Correlation analysis revealed significant inverse association between moisture and both carbohydrate (r= -0.950**) and energy content (r= -0.946**). Additionally, ash, crude fat and fibre displayed strong negative correlations with both carbohydrate and energy content. Mineral profiling indicated considerable variation across samples, with potassium (0.11-1.81%) being the most abundant macronutrient, followed by magnesium and phosphorus. Among micronutrient, iron (64.4-480.15mg/kg) was predominant, followed by zinc, manganese and copper.
Conclusions: These findings emphasize the nutritional richness and regional diversity of C. esculenta, suggesting its potential in enhancing food and nutritional security
A Cross-Sectional Study of Utilization of Blood and Blood Components in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu.
Get PDFIntroduction Blood centre plays a vital role in patient blood management by providing blood and blood components. Patient blood management comprises of approaches to diagnose, treat and improve the outcome of the individual. Blood transfusion is one important aspect of patient blood management which has a major positive impact in outcome of patients. Blood is a scarce resource and has to be administrated judiciously. Blood transfusion risk versus benefits has to be assessed before initiating blood transfusion. The auditing of usage of blood components has to be done on periodic basic in order assess the utilization of blood products across various department. It is mandatory to monitor and assess the pattern of utilisation of blood components. The objective of this study is to determine the pattern of utilisation of blood and blood components in a tertiary care hospital in Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu.
Objectives: The objective of this study is to determine the pattern of utilisation of blood and blood components in a tertiary care hospital in Chengalpattu District, Tamilnadu.
Methods: This was a retrospective Cross-Sectional study conducted in the Blood centre, Department of Pathology, Karpaga vinayaga institute of medical sciences and Research centre in Tamil Nadu from July 2023 to December 2023.Data of all the blood and blood components issued from the blood centre at Karpaga vinayaga institute of medical sciences and Research centre during the two years study period (January 2021- December 2022) were collected and analysed.
Results: In this current study, total of 3279 blood and blood components reservation request over the period of 2 years were received. Out of which 2167 units of blood and blood products were issued with a monthly average of 90 Units. The most common blood group for which blood products were issued was O Positive (48.5 %). Most of the blood transfusion was observed in the age group of 20-40 years of age i.e., 971 units which accounts to 44.89%. Maximum utilized blood products were PRBC-1475 units (68%) followed by whole blood 483 units (22%) while the least utilized was Platelet concentrates/ random Donor Platelets which constituted for 3%. The most common indication for transfusion of blood component was Anemia (54.17%). Overall CT ratio was 1.53. Overall TI of 0.6 indicated appropriate blood utilisation.
Conclusions: This study highlights the pattern of utilisation of various blood and blood components in a tertiary care hospital. Developing the appropriate blood transfusion policy in each hospital after discussing with the clinicians helps in strengthening the appropriateness of usage of blood components. Periodic assessment of pattern of utilisation has to be done to maintain the quality of the blood centre. This also enables internal quality control for better functioning of blood bank. Educational and training sessions should be conducted to the clinicians will further strengthen the blood transfusion practices
Groundwater Quality Assessment in Maluso, Basilan: Physico-Chemical and Microbiological Perspectives
Get PDFAccess to clean and safe drinking water is crucial to public health, especially in rural and semi-urban areas in developing countries, including the Philippines, which face ongoing threats to groundwater quality. This study assessed the physico-chemical and microbiological characteristics of groundwater in Maluso Municipality, Basilan. The groundwater samples were collected from 4 groundwater wells and analyzed using standard methods outlined in the Philippine National Standards for Drinking Water (PNSDW, 2017) and American Public Health Association (APHA, 2017) protocols. Parameters evaluated included pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), electrical conductivity (EC), major ions (Cl⁻, SO₄²⁻, NO₃⁻, Na⁺, K⁺, Mg²⁺, Ca²⁺), and microbiological indicators such as fecal and total coliforms.
The results showed that all measured physico-chemical parameters fell within acceptable limits set by both PNSDW and the World Health Organization (WHO, 2017), indicating geochemical stability and minimal contamination from anthropogenic sources. However, pH values in some samples were slightly acidic (6.00–7.04), and water hardness was classified as soft, which may increase corrosivity and reduce buffering capacity. Critically, all samples failed to meet microbiological safety standards, with fecal and total coliform counts significantly exceeding the permissible limit of <1.1 MPN/100 mL, indicating contamination likely due to inadequate sanitation and unprotected sources.
The findings underscore a dual narrative of chemical compliance and microbiological risk. While the groundwater meets physicochemical safety benchmarks, it is unsuitable for direct human consumption without treatment due to microbial contamination. These results require public health interventions, including point-of-use treatment, community-led water safety planning, and long-term source protection strategies. This study contributes essential baseline data for water quality management in underserved and environmentally vulnerable areas
Groundwater Quality Dynamics in the Coastal Aquifer of Tipo-Tipo, Basilan, Philippines
Get PDFIn coastal areas like Tipo-Tipo, Basilan, groundwater isn’t just a resource; it’s a daily necessity. Families rely on it for drinking, farming, cooking, and cleaning. But this lifeline is quietly being threatened by saltwater intrusion. The study aims to assess the hydrochemical characteristics of groundwater in the coastal aquifer of Tipo-Tipo, Basilan, by measuring key physico-chemical parameters such as pH, electrical conductivity, salinity, total dissolved solids, and major ions, determine the possible saltwater intrusion and its impact on groundwater quality, and compare the quality based on the WHO and PNSDW standards. The groundwater samples were collected from existing wells during both high and low tides and tested for key indicators, including EC, pH, TDS, Temperature, Cl, SO4, TA, Ca, Mg, Na, K, CO3, and HCO3. The findings revealed clear changes in water quality between high and low tide. During low tide, the concentration of salt and minerals, such as chloride, sodium, and magnesium, increased noticeably, indicating that seawater was intruding into the freshwater supply. The shift in water composition, from magnesium–sulfate to magnesium–chloride, confirmed that saltwater was intruding into the inland; however, all results were within safe limits, based on WHO and PNSDW. This study provides relevant information that the coastal groundwater of Tipo-Tipo needs to be protected and managed more carefully
Correlating Degree of Hydronephrosis on Ultrasound with Ureteric Calculus Size on Computed Tomography.
Get PDFAIM & OBJECTIVE: To correlate the degree of hydroureteronephrosis on ultrasound with ureteric stone size determined by non-contrast CT.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a prospective study which was done in the period between Jan 2024 and December 2024 using ‘Samsung HS70A’ & ‘Toshiba Aquilion prime160 slice’ CT scanner. All patients with hydronephrosis secondary to ureteric calculus in ultrasound and CT underwent screening CT and USG respectively with proper consent. Hydronephrosis severity was graded on ultrasound and stone size was categorized as ≤5 mm or >5 mm based on CT.
RESULTS: Among the 112 patients, 86 had stones ≤5 mm and 26 had stones >5 mm. Increasing degree of hydronephrosis on ultrasound was associated with an increasing proportion of ureteral calculi larger than 5 mm (P < .001). Patients with none or mild hydronephrosis were less likely to have larger ureteral calculi than those with moderate or severe hydronephrosis (12.4% vs 35.4%; P < .001). An increasing degree of hydronephrosis was associated with a higher likelihood of larger stones.
CONCLUSION: There was statistically significant correlation between the degree of ultrasound detected hydronephrosis and the size of the obstructing ureteric calculus. Patients with less severe hydronephrosis are less likely to have stones >5 mm. Thus, ultrasound may help identify low-risk patients and guide imaging decisions, potentially reducing unnecessary CT scans and radiation
Clinical Microbiological Study of Fungal Infections in Diabetic Foot Ulcers: The Hidden Hinderance
Get PDFIntroduction: In diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs), bacterial infection is a major concern and highly prioritized, while fungal infection is often neglected, yet it contributes to delayed healing and complications. Early diagnosis and treatment of fungal infections could hasten the healing and prevent further complications. This study examined the prevalence of fungal infection in DFUs, conducted fungal profiling and developed effective fungal detection methods.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 117 DFU patients after the approval by the Institutional Ethical Committee of SRM Medical College Hospital & Research Centre (Ethics clearance number: SRMIEC-ST0624-1390). The swabs and tissues are collected from the depth of the ulcer and microscopic examination is conducted to identify the gram-positive budding cells and pseudo-hyphae. The sample was cultured on sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) with chloramphenicol and cycloheximide. The cultures were maintained at 25°C-30 °C and checked twice weekly for 4-6 weeks. Identification of fungal species is done along with fungal profiling.
Results: The analysis shows that 82% of patients were negative for fungal infections, while 18% were positive. Among fungal infections, non-albicans Candida (10%) was more prevalent than Candida albicans (5%), with Aspergillus species (A. niger 2%, A. flavus 1%) being the least common. The findings highlight that even though the fungal infections are less frequent in DFUs, Candida infections dominate, which highly targets antifungal management.
Conclusions: DFU is polymicrobial and fungal infections are often ignored but become potentially fatal. All long-standing DFUs demand effective diagnosis and treatment of fungal infections