Journal of Chemical Health Risks (Islamic Azad University, Iran)
Not a member yet
5714 research outputs found
Sort by
Twak Sharir in Ayurveda: A Comparative Evaluation with Modern Dermatological and Histological Perspectives
Get PDFTwak (skin) is one of the essential anatomical and functional entities discussed in Rachana Sharir of Ayurveda. Ancient seers have elaborated the multi-layered structure of Twak in terms of its origin (Utpatti), types (Saptadhatuja Twak), location, and physiological relevance. In modern biomedical science, the skin is the largest organ of the body and is extensively studied in terms of its histology, function, and pathology. This article attempts to bridge the traditional Ayurvedic descriptions of Twak Sharir with the contemporary understanding of dermatology and histology, highlighting parallels, complementarities, and unique insights
Traditional Medicinal Plants Associated Knowledge and Practiced by Tribal Communities of Kolli Hills, Namakkal, District of Tamil Nadu, India
Get PDFKolli Hills in Tamil Nadu, India, is known for its traditional healing techniques from the time immemorial with its rich surrounding forest. But in the recent past as elsewhere on the Globe these tribal communities were also losing interest on this traditional healing technique due to advent of modern medicine. However the needs of document is important for the existing medicinal plants and associated knowledge. Hence the present study is aimed to enlist the available medicinal plants, present status of its knowledge and use across Kolli Hills. It is observed that 203 medicinal plants representing 81 families in which Fabaceae, Malvaceae, Rubiaceae and Rutaceae were dominated used by tribal Malayali communities in Kolli Hills. The interviews was conducted above 50 and > 25 years old people with filed knowledge for use of medicinal plants. However, among fourteen panchayats such change among the people was minimal Alathurnadu, Chithurnadu, Dundaninadu and Peraikkarinadu, Moderate in Devanurnadu, Edapulinadu, Thinnanurnadu and Thiruppulinadu panchayats and Maximum in Ariyurnadu, Bailnadu, Dundurnadu, Selurnadu, Valappurnadu and Valavanthinadu panchayats. Hence there is an urgent need to know the value of medicinal plant and their importance for medicinal propertied
Phytochemical Screening, GCMS Profile and Anticancer Potential of Digera muricata
Get PDFIntroduction: Cancer remains one of the most life-threatening diseases globally, necessitating the discovery of safer and more effective therapeutic alternatives. Natural products derived from medicinal plants have shown significant promise in cancer treatment due to their phytochemical diversity and lower toxicity. Digera muricata (L.) Mart., a plant traditionally used for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, is understudied in terms of its anticancer activity. The presence of bioactive compounds in this plant suggests its potential as a source of anticancer agents.
Objectives: The major objectives covered included screening of the phytochemical constituents, GC-MS profile, and determination of the anticancer potential of methanolic extract of Digera muricata.
Methods: Different extracts of D. muricata such as Petroleum ether, Chloroform, Methanol and Aqeous, were subjected to preliminary phytochemical screening to identify the presence of secondary metabolites. GC-MS analysis was performed to identify volatile and semi-volatile constituents. The anticancer activity was evaluated for breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 by using the MTT assay.
Results: Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, tannins, and terpenoids. GC-MS profiling identified multiple bioactive compounds, including phytol, squalene, and hexadecanoic acid, known for their anticancer properties. The methanolic extract exhibited significant cytotoxicity against MCF-7 cells in a dose-dependent manner.
Conclusions: Digera muricata contains various phytoconstituents with promising anticancer activity. The findings support its potential application as a natural source of anticancer agents, warranting further in vivo and mechanistic studies for drug development
Evaluation of Antioxidant Property of Pumpkin Seed Extract and Comparison with Antioxidant Property of Vitamin C
Get PDFBackground: Antioxidants protect cells from damage caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and free radicals. Objective: To determine the antioxidant properties of pumpkin seed extract and compare them with those of vitamin C using in-vitro assays.
Methods: This was an in-vitro study conducted in the Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India between January 2024 and June 2024. Pumpkin seed extract was considered the test substance, and vitamin C solution was considered the control substance.
Results: In terms of total antioxidant capacity, the pumpkin seed extract recorded a value of 2000 μmol TE/g, while vitamin C was higher at 2500 μmol TE/g, showing a statistically significant difference. For radical scavenging activity (DPPH inhibition), the pumpkin seed extract demonstrated 85% activity compared to 90% for vitamin C, also statistically significant. When assessing lipid peroxidation inhibition (TBARS), the pumpkin seed extract achieved 70% inhibition, whereas vitamin C reached 80%; however, this difference was not statistically significant. Both substances effectively scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS), including superoxide radicals and hydroxyl radicals, with no significant difference observed between them. In terms of metal chelating activity, the pumpkin seed extract was rated as moderate, while vitamin C was low, with a significant difference.
Conclusion: The findings underscore the potential of pumpkin seed extract as a natural antioxidant agent with diverse health benefits
A Study of Correlation between DAS 28, PADI4 (Peptidyl Arginine Deiminase Enzyme Type IV) and Anti CCP antibodies in Rheumatoid Arthritis in Telangana state.
Get PDFIntroduction: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by synovial inflammation and joint destruction. Disease Activity Score-28 (DAS-28), Peptidyl Arginine Deiminase Type IV (PADI4), and Anti-Cyclic Citrullinated Peptide (Anti-CCP) antibodies are crucial biomarkers in assessing disease activity and severity.
Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the correlation between DAS-28, PADI4 levels, and Anti-CCP antibodies in RA patients and to determine their role in disease activity and progression.
Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted among 196 RA patients and 132 Healthy individuals with any family history ,Clinical assessments were performed using DAS-28, and serological markers, including Anti-CCP and PADI4 levels, were measured using ELISA. Statistical analysis was carried out to evaluate the correlation between these parameters.
Results The mean age of participants was 43.1 ± 12.91 years, (73.4%). The mean DAS-28 score was 4.19 ± 1.92, with 45.4% having high disease activity. There was female predominant in the study population, 74% of patients tested Anti-CCP positive, with a mean Anti-CCP level of 82.5 ± 30.4 U/mL. The mean PADI4 level was 6.8 ± 2.4 ng/mL. A strong positive correlation was observed between DAS-28 and Anti-CCP (r = 0.62, p < 0.001) and a moderate correlation between DAS-28 and PADI4 (r = 0.55, p < 0.001).
Conclusions: The study confirms that higher Anti-CCP and PADI4 levels are associated with increased RA disease activity, reinforcing their role as prognostic biomarkers. Future research should explore targeted therapies against PADI4 to mitigate RA severity
Green Synthesis of Benzimidazole Derivatives: A Sustainable Approach Towards Potent Antimicrobial Agents
Get PDFIntroduction: Since medicinal products benzimidazole and hydrating agents are important antimicrobials, specific substances including benzimidazole hydrazone have been generated in order to test their effectiveness against bacteria. The molecular makeup of the newly synthesised compounds was clarified using the analysis of elements along with 1H-NMR measurements, infrared radiation along with ES-MS spectrum evidence. following the synthetic chemicals\u27 assessing subsequently was discovered that the ability to kill bacteria is increased by the inclusion of Schiff bases and specific compound groups implanted beneath either benzimidazole nuclear structures along with modified nucleus. Every variant exhibited little action against microbes with Gram-negative DNA and strong performance against bacteria that are Gram-positive. When examined towards fungus, several of the freshly synthesised compounds exhibited modest potency.
Objectives: Comparative study newly microwave irradiation synthesis of substituted benzimidazole and evaluation of its antimicrobial activity which is resistance to pathogen.
Methods: The molecular makeup of the newly synthesised compounds was clarified using the analysis of elements along with 1H-NMR measurements, infrared radiation along with ES-MS spectrum evidence. The synthetic strategy included microwave-assisted reactions and TLC verification.
Results: The ability to kill bacteria was increased by the inclusion of Schiff bases and specific compound groups implanted beneath benzimidazole nuclei with modified functional groups (-Cl, -NO2, OCH3, -Br, CH3, -OH). All compounds exhibited little action against Gram-negative microbes and strong activity against Gram-positive bacteria. Several compounds also showed modest antifungal potency.
Conclusions: Schiff base-modified benzimidazole derivatives represent promising antimicrobial agents, with selective efficacy towards Gram-positive organisms and potential as sustainable drug candidates
Application of Few Nyayas in Shalya Clinics: Commentator’s Perspectives
Get PDFIntroduction : Ayurveda, science of life has been passed on generation to generation via sutras scripted in various Ayurvedic classics known as Samhita. There is various writing style, grammar and preposition applied in these treatises, many tactics works as codes conveying many hidden and implied meaning to a concept. Nyaya being one such concept in Ayurveda has been found in various context of Samhitas. Nyaya can be understood as Maxim; these maxims conveys an indefinable concept with just few words or sentences.
Objectives: To understand the Nyayas (Maxims) utilised in writing style, grammar and preposition applied in the field of Ayurvedic surgery. To simplify these codes of Nyaya, their hidden and implied meaning in the field of Surgical diagnostic.
Methods: Index Card method of comprehensive study by detailed analysis of Ayurvedic ancient classical text Sushruta Samhita, and various related research article from authentic journals.
Results: Sushruta Samhita comprises of the various Nyayas mentioned in its commentaries, these Nyayas have been quoted in terms of example or context which aids in simplifying the complex concepts of Shalya Tantra (Surgery).
Conclusions: Detailed study and analysis of these Nyaya mentioned in Sushruta Samhita will enhance better understanding of disease pathogenesis and their respective treatment modalities in the field of Shalya Tantra (Surgery)
Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome Mimicking Functional Vomiting in an Adolescent: A Case Report
Get PDFSuperior mesenteric artery (SMA) syndrome, also known as Wilkie or Cast syndrome, is a rare cause of proximal small bowel obstruction resulting from compression of the third part of the duodenum between the SMA and aorta due to a narrowed aorto-mesenteric angle. It typically presents with postprandial abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting, with diagnosis primarily confirmed through radiological imaging. A 14-year-old male presented with persistent vomiting for one week, along with a history of similar episodes over the preceding six years. Physical examination revealed mild dehydration, a scaphoid, soft, and non-tender abdomen. Imaging demonstrated a reduced SMA angle, decreased aorto-mesenteric distance, and duodenal compression, consistent with SMA syndrome. The patient was managed conservatively with aprepitant, leading to symptom resolution and an uncomplicated discharge. SMA syndrome remains a rare and often under-recognised condition; delayed diagnosis can lead to significant morbidity. Prompt recognition and appropriate management, whether conservative or surgical, generally result in favourable outcomes. Clinicians should maintain a high index of suspicion in patients with chronic, unexplained upper gastrointestinal symptoms to avoid diagnostic delay
Diagnostic Accuracy of Salivary Ferritin as a Non-Invasive Biomarker for Iron Deficiency Anaemia: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
Get PDFBackground: Iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) is the most common micronutrient deficiency globally, particularly affecting populations in low- and middle-income countries. While serum ferritin is the conventional diagnostic marker, its invasive nature and limitations in inflammatory states necessitate alternative non-invasive tools. Salivary ferritin has emerged as a potential biomarker, yet its diagnostic performance remains underexplored.
Objective:
To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of salivary ferritin for identifying IDA, using serum ferritin as the reference standard.
Methods: This comparative cross-sectional diagnostic accuracy study included 160 participants (80 IDA patients and 80 age- and sex-matched healthy controls) recruited from a tertiary care hospital. Haemoglobin and serum ferritin levels were measured via venous blood, while salivary ferritin was quantified using ELISA from unstimulated whole saliva. Correlation analysis, group comparisons, and ROC curve analysis were performed to assess diagnostic validity.
Results: Salivary ferritin levels were significantly lower in IDA patients (mean ± SD: 3.82 ± 1.48 ng/mL) compared to controls (15.93 ± 3.03 ng/mL, p < 0.001). A diagnostic cut-off of <8 ng/mL yielded 100% sensitivity and specificity within the study sample. Correlation between serum and salivary ferritin was weak (r = –0.175 in IDA group), limiting its quantitative predictability. Frequency analysis confirmed that 79/80 IDA patients had salivary ferritin <10 ng/mL, while all but one control exceeded this threshold.
Conclusion: Salivary ferritin demonstrates high diagnostic accuracy and may serve as a viable, non-invasive screening tool for IDA. Its integration into point-of-care devices could improve early detection, especially in resource-limited settings and vulnerable populations. Further validation in larger, diverse cohorts is warranted