Journal of Chemical Health Risks (Islamic Azad University, Iran)
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Potent Secondary Metabolites From Marine Sponge Extracts: Isolation, Characterization and Medicinal Applications
Get PDFIntroduction: This study explores new and unique bioactive compounds from the marine sponges. This is important to do, considering the population of Indonesian sponges is abundant and diverse, By analyzing the colors of marine sponges, we graded those with bright or light colors, typically have a more complete cell structure and would contain more beneficial metabolic compounds. We successfully analyzed extracts for the presence of secondary metabolites in these marine sponges collected.
Objectives: This study aimed to identify the secondary metabolites in marine sponges collected from Indonesia with pharmaceuticals and medicinal potentials
Methods: This study employed maceration method for extract preparation. GC-MS data used for metabolic component identification, and FTIR spectra for confirmation of functional groups in organic compounds of interest.
Results: The secondary metabolite components obtained are in the form of these cholest-5-en-3-ol accounted for 25.48% of the total metabolites followed by benzenedicarboxylic acid (12.70%), pentadecanoic acid (7.89%) and Ergosta-5.22-dien-3-ol (7.78%). These substances hold potential as biomaterials for growth and stamina enhancement well as antibacterial and antifungal properties. It’s noted that marine sponges, especially those with bright or light colors (Clatria reinwardti), typically have more complete cell structure and contain more beneficial metabolic compounds. Probably there would be more diverse and abundant microbial communities associated with them. This study generate sets of data, which would be useful for follow up research in isolation, analysis and valuation of bioactive compounds such as steroids, carboxylic acids, aldehydes or their derivatives for pharmaceutical and medicinal purposes.
Conclusions: These substances are generally included in the group of carboxylic acid compounds which have the potential as medicinal biomaterials, especially to increase growth and endurance have antibacterial and antifungal properties
Domestic Violence Against Men: A Mixed Study from India
Get PDFThis mixed-methods study investigates the prevalence, nature, and impacts of domestic violence against men in India, focusing on the northern region near the national capital, Delhi. Data was collected from 587 participants between September and December 2024 through an online survey administered via Google Forms, designed with expert input to ensure validity and comprehensiveness. The questionnaire comprised seven sections, beginning with an introductory overview, a consent form, demographic details, and followed by targeted questions addressing various facets of domestic violence experienced by men. Quantitative analysis employed Likert scales, non-parametric, and descriptive statistics, while qualitative insights were extracted from open-ended responses, images, and documents shared by participants, including distressing evidence such as threatening images, newspaper clips, and suicide notes.
The study’s qualitative data reveal recurring themes of humiliation, emotional and physical abuse, extortion, threats, and false accusations faced by male victims. Participants detailed incidents of verbal and physical assaults, emotional manipulation, false legal cases, and extortion demands running into crores of rupees, often accompanied by threats of harm or suicide. Many respondents reported an absence of emotional support and professional challenges, including difficulties in navigating the legal system and societal biases. Quantitative reliability testing yielded a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.526, indicating acceptable internal consistency for the core variables, with exploratory factor analysis confirming sampling adequacy.
The findings underscore the complex and multifaceted nature of domestic violence against men in India, highlighting issues of systemic neglect, societal stigma, and the need for targeted legal and psychosocial interventions. The evidence suggests that male victims often endure humiliation, emotional distress, and financial exploitation, compounded by a lack of support mechanisms. This study calls for increased awareness, policy reforms, and community-based support systems to address this under-recognized form of domestic violence. 
Comparative Evaluation of DEFLAZACORT with or without Twin Mix Local Anesthesia in Impacted Third Molar Surgeries-A Randomized Clinical Trial
Get PDFAim & Background: To assess and compare the effect of Deflazacort with or without twin mix local anesthesia in surgically removed impacted mandibular third molars following surgery problems such as pain, swelling, and opening of the mouth. In a usual dental practice, Removal of the third molar is among the most often executed surgeries. The third set of molars is the last group of teeth at the back of the mouth. Surgical intervention may be necessary in complex situations, involving bone removal and gum tissue incision. Patients may have discomfort, edema, and pain following surgery.
Materials and Methods: On 30 patients, a randomised control study was carried out. Patients had their completely impacted lower third molars surgically removed. There were 2 groups: Group A, which got Deflazacort without twin mix local anesthesia following tooth was extracted, and Group B, which got Deflazacort solution. The mouth-opening scores were compared using the Chi-square test, whereas the continuous data for pain and edema were compared Within the two groups using the Mann-Whitney U test.
Results: Ater 1 week of treatment, no significant change in pain was noted in Group A, but significantly lower in pain score in Group B compared to Group A after 1-week and 1-month post treatment. Similarly, after 1 week and 1 month, it was found that participants under the Group B had less swelling when compared to participants in Group A but after 1 month it was not statistically significant. But for mouth opening, it was found that after one week, one month, and three months, there was discernible statistical disparity between the mean mouth-opening among participants between the Group A and Group B.
Conclusion: When compared to Group A, the use of Deflazacort with twin mix of local anesthesia significantly reduced postoperative problems such pain, swelling, and opening of the mouth following surgical excision of the lower third molar.
Clinical significance: This study is clinically significant in proving further that Deflazacort with twin mix of local anesthesia is more efficient than Deflazacort without twin mix of local anesthesia in reducing postoperative complications of pain, swelling, and limited mouth opening associated with surgical removal of impacted mandibular third molars.
Categories: Dentistry, Dermatology, Therapeutics, Esthetic
Assessing The Diagnostic Accuracy of BIRADS Score Versus Histopathological Findings in Clinically Palpable Breast Lumps: A Comparative Study
Get PDFIntroduction: Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BIRADS) scores are widely used in clinical practice to assess breast lesions detected through imaging. This study aims to compare the diagnostic accuracy of BIRADS scores with histopathological findings in clinically palpable breast lumps.
Aims and Objectives: To compare the diagnostic accuracy of BI-RADS score in detecting Malignant lesions with histopathological findings
Methods: A study was conducted on 100 female patients presenting with clinically palpable breast lumps at the Department of General Surgery of MKCG Medical College. The patients were classified according to BI-RADS categories 2, 3, 4a, 4b, 4c, or 5 based on radiological examinations. The correlation between BI-RADS classification and histopathological results was evaluated using descriptive statistics. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and accuracy were calculated to assess the diagnostic performance of BI-RADS scores.
Results: A total of 100 patients with clinically palpable breast lumps were included in the study. Considering histopathological examination as the gold standard, the sensitivity and specificity of BI-RADS score is 93.9% and 82.3% respectively. The BI-RADS score has a positive predictive value of 91.1%, a negative predictive value of 87.5%, and a diagnostic accuracy of 90.0%, respectively.
Conclusions: This comparative study reveals that while BIRADS scores provide valuable information for the assessment of clinically palpable breast lumps, their diagnostic accuracy varies. BI-RADS score being non-invasive, it may become a very useful test for evaluating Breast lump lesions but cannot be considered as gold standard and thus cannot be used as an alternative to histopathology in diagnosis of breast lumps
Successful Management of Etoricoxib-Induced Stevens-Johnson Syndrome/Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis with Corticosteroids: A Case Report
Get PDFBackground: Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (SJS) and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (TEN) are rare but life-threatening severe cutaneous adverse reactions characterized by widespread epidermal necrosis and detachment, often triggered by medications. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), including selective COX-2 inhibitors like etoricoxib, have been implicated in some cases.
Case Presentation: We report the case of a 59-year-old woman from Rajasthan with a known hypersensitivity to diclofenac who developed SJS following 22 days of etoricoxib therapy for a neck injury. She presented with dyspnoea, dysphagia, painful oral ulcers, erythematous skin lesions, widespread blisters and erosions, and a positive Nikolsky’s sign. The patient was also noted to be malnourished upon examination.
Management: Etoricoxib was immediately discontinued. The patient received systemic antibiotics (piperacillin-tazobactam, clindamycin, doxycycline), corticosteroids (dexamethasone), and supportive care, including fluid and electrolyte replacement, protein supplementation, wound care, and topical treatments. Intravenous immunoglobulins and cyclosporine were not administered due to financial limitations.
Outcome: The patient\u27s condition gradually improved with systemic corticosteroids and supportive measures. She was discharged in a stable state, although some ophthalmic complications persisted.
Conclusion: This case highlights a rare instance of etoricoxib-induced SJS in India. It emphasizes the critical role of clinical judgment in diagnosing and managing drug-induced SJS/TEN, the potential risks associated with NSAIDs, and the importance of vigilant pharmacovigilance and post-marketing drug surveillance to safeguard patient health.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.52783/jchr.v15.i3.859
The Impact of Nutrition on Oral Health: A Comprehensive Review
Get PDFOral health is a critical component of general health and well-being, influencing essential human functions such as eating, speaking, and social interaction. Poor oral health can lead to significant nutritional, psychological, and systemic consequences, particularly when associated with pain, tooth loss, or functional impairment. It is important to explore the interrelationship between nutrition and oral health, highlighting key biochemical pathways, dietary influences, and the public health relevance of nutritional practices. Understanding the nutritional determinants of oral diseases is crucial for developing effective interventions and integrating nutrition into oral health promotion strategies
Association of Serum Uric Acid Level with Diabetic Retinopathy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Get PDFBackground: Diabetic retinopathy is a major microvascular complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), leading to vision impairment and blindness. Emerging evidence suggests that elevated serum uric acid levels may contribute to its development and progression.
Objectives: To assess serum uric acid levels in patients with T2DM, evaluate its association with diabetic retinopathy, and determine its relationship with the severity of diabetic retinopathy.
Methods: This was an observational, cross-sectional study conducted in the Department of General Medicine, among 140 T2DM between July 2023 – December 2024 a comprehensive clinical assessment, including vitals, systemic examination, anthropometry and laboratory tests (FBS, PPBS, HbA1c and serum uric acid) was conducted followed by an ophthalmological evaluation with fundus examination to assess diabetic retinopathy. Analysis was done using Stata v16.
Results: The study found a significant association between serum uric acid levels and diabetic retinopathy in T2DM patients. Serum uric acid levels were markedly higher in patients with DR (8.4 ± 1.3 mg/dL) compared to those without DR (5.4 ± 1.9 mg/dL) (P < 0.001), and levels increased progressively with disease severity. Patients with PDR had higher serum uric acid levels (9.2 ± 1.8 mg/dL) compared to those with NPDR (8.1 ± 0.9 mg/dL) (P < 0.001). Within NPDR, serum uric acid levels increased from mild (7.6 ± 0.7 mg/dL) to moderate (8.4 ± 0.7 mg/dL) to severe NPDR (10.4 ± 0.3 mg/dL) (P < 0.001). Serum uric acid levels also showed a significant positive correlation with glycaemic parameters, including fasting blood sugar (rp = 0.394, P < 0.001), postprandial blood sugar (rp = 0.419, P < 0.001), and glycated haemoglobin (rp = 0.411, P < 0.001). ROC analysis demonstrated that serum uric acid is a strong predictor of DR (AUC = 0.908), PDR (AUC = 0.702), and severe NPDR (AUC = 0.935), with high sensitivity and specificity.
Conclusion: This study found a significant association between elevated serum uric acid levels and the presence and severity of diabetic retinopathy in T2DM patients. Serum uric acid may serve as a potential biomarker for early identification and risk stratification of diabetic retinopathy
Association Between Thyroid Dysfunction and Serum Biochemical Abnormalities in Children with CKD at a Tertiary Care Center
Get PDFBackground: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) in children is associated with multiple systemic complications including endocrine abnormalities such as thyroid dysfunction, which often remain underdiagnosed due to non-specific clinical manifestations. Thyroid hormones regulate calcium and phosphate metabolism, bone turnover, and protein synthesis, and their dysfunction can exacerbate biochemical derangements in CKD.
Aim of the study: The aim of this study was to assess the association between thyroid dysfunction and serum biochemical abnormalities in children with CKD.
Methods: This cross-sectional analytic study was conducted at the Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Bangladesh Medical University (BMU), which was formerly known as Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh, from February 2017 to January 2018. Total 60 children aged 2–18 years with CKD were included in this study.
Result: The mean age was 12 years (range 2–18) and 63.3% were male. Serum creatinine was highest in subclinical hypothyroidism (7.05 mg/dl) and lowest in hyperthyroidism (4.15 mg/dl). Biochemical parameters varied by thyroid dysfunction and CKD stage. Serum creatinine ranged from 4.15 ± 0.07 mg/dl (hyperthyroidism) to 7.05 ± 4.11 mg/dl (subclinical hypothyroidism). Calcium was lowest in hyperthyroidism (5.90 ± 0.28 mg/dl) and highest in euthyroid (8.35 ± 1.45 mg/dl). CKD stage-V showed highest creatinine (7.85 ± 4.84 mg/dl) and lowest TCO₂ (17.24 ± 6.02 mmol/L). Phosphate increased and calcium decreased significantly with CKD stage. Electrolytes varied minimally; all p-values >0.05 except for CKD trends.
Conclusion: This study found that while thyroid dysfunction showed non-significant variations in biochemical markers, CKD progression significantly affected creatinine, calcium, and phosphate levels. Electrolyte changes across CKD stages were minimal
Pharmacists and AI: A Collaborative Future in Patient Care
Get PDFThe integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools in the pharmacy field has revolutionized drug discovery, clinical decision-making, personalized medicine, and pharmaceutical operations. This review article explores the significance, impact, and knowledge of AI in pharmacy, highlighting its transformative potential in enhancing efficiency, accuracy, and patient care. AI-driven technologies, including machine learning (ML), deep learning (DL), and natural language processing (NLP), are being utilized for drug repurposing, predictive analytics, adverse drug reaction monitoring, and automated dispensing systems. The significance of AI lies in its ability to analyze vast datasets, accelerate research, and optimize treatment protocols. The impact of AI is evident in improved medication adherence, reduced errors, cost-effective drug development, and precision medicine. However, challenges such as data privacy, regulatory compliance, and the need for interdisciplinary expertise remain critical considerations. This article also assesses the current knowledge gaps and future prospects of AI in pharmacy, emphasizing the need for continuous education and collaboration between pharmacists, data scientists, and policymakers. By harnessing AI’s potential, the pharmacy sector can achieve groundbreaking advancements in healthcare delivery and therapeutic outcome
Development and Characterization of Luliconazole and Chamomile Oil Loaded Nanoemulsion based Gel for Effective Treatment of Fungal Disease
Get PDFLuliconazole (LNZ) is a selective, poorly water-soluble (0.000304mg/ml) azole effective against treatment of fungal infections when administered in doses. In the present Research work, to formulate nanoemulsion of luliconazole using chamomile oil for the treatment of fungal disease. Chamomile oil chosen as oil as it is known for its antifungal activity. The nanoemulsion system was optimized through D-optimal design and an equivalent amount of nanoemulsion is incorporated in Carbopol 934p based gel. Optimized nanoemulsion contained 33.13% Smix, 9.05% oil, 57.80% water which has smallest globule size of 140 nm and PDI was 0.367. Zeta potential was obtained as -14.6 mV. Viscosity of nanoemulsion and nanoemulsion based gel, 128 cP and 1380 cP respectively and pH of nanoemulsion was 7.25. All nanoemulsion were O/W type as per results of conductivity which is 84.2 µs/cm. For nanoemulsion based gel, ex vivo study revealed that drug release at 5 hours was 69.48%. and an in vitro study release 89.21 % drug release. The range of antifungal action was increased by combining chamomile oil with Carbopol 934p based gel of luliconazole Via its zone of inhibition. The antifungal activity of a gel based on nanoemulsion was compared to a marketed formulation. Observations led to conclude that the 0.4% concentration of NEBG had a greater zone of inhibition than other commercially available formulations. zone. Thus, 0.4% of NEBG was shown to be more efficacious than other commercially available formulations, and that too with a relatively modest dosage of luliconazole