Journal of Chemical Health Risks (Islamic Azad University, Iran)
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Green Synthesis of Camellia Sinensis-Mediated Silver Nanoparticles Incorporated Hyaluronic Acid, Poly Vinyl Alcohol and its Antimicrobial Activity Against Oral Pathogens and its Biocompatibility Through Embryonic Toxicology Evaluation, Cytotoxic Effect an
Get PDFThe study investigates the synergistic potential of a novel nanocomposite combining green tea extract, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), and hyaluronic acid (HA) for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties. Green tea, rich in polyphenols, offers potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, while silver nanoparticles are renowned for their broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. Hyaluronic acid, a biocompatible polymer, serves as a stabilizing and bioactive agent, enhancing the biocompatibility and efficacy of the nanocomposite. The synthesis of the green tea-AgNP-HA nanocomposite was optimized using a green synthesis approach, ensuring eco-friendliness and minimizing toxicity. Comprehensive in vitro assays demonstrated significant antioxidant activity, as indicated by DPPH radical scavenging, along with notable anti-inflammatory effects in LPS-stimulated macrophage models. Additionally, the nanocomposite exhibited robust antimicrobial efficacy against common oral pathogens, including Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans. These findings suggest that the green tea-AgNP-HA nanocomposite holds promise as a multifunctional therapeutic agent in the management of oral diseases, with potential applications in preventing and treating infections, reducing inflammation, and promoting tissue regeneration. Further in vivo studies are recommended to explore its clinical efficacy and safety
Systematic Analysis on the Effect of Technological Innovations in Physiotherapy for Supporting Sustainable Healthcare
Get PDFBackground: Technological innovations in physiotherapy, such as telehealth, wearable devices, virtual reality (VR), artificial intelligence (AI), and robotics, are reshaping patient care and healthcare delivery. This study systematically reviews and analyzes the effectiveness of these innovations in physiotherapy and their role in supporting sustainable healthcare practices.
Objectives: The purpose is to evaluate the effectiveness of technological innovations in physiotherapy in supporting sustainable healthcare and suggest directions for future research.
Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies published from 2015 to 2025. Data from electronic databases including PubMed, Scopus,Web of Science and Google Scholar were reviewed. Studies were included if they focused on technological interventions in physiotherapy and their impact on patient outcomes and healthcare sustainability.
Results: The findings suggest that technological innovations in physiotherapy positively influence patient recovery, reduce healthcare resource consumption, and enhance healthcare accessibility. Telehealth and wearable devices demonstrated significant improvements in patient adherence and self-management, while AI and robotics supported more personalized and efficient treatments. However, challenges remain in terms of accessibility, cost, and data security.
Conclusions: Technological innovations in physiotherapy are pivotal in promoting sustainable healthcare. However, further research is needed to evaluate long-term impacts, cost-effectiveness, and optimal integration strategie
Design of Experiment Approach for Formulation and Development of Nanosponges Loaded Gel of Chenopodium Album Leaves Extract
Get PDFThe present study was carried out to design and develop a nanosponge-loaded gel containing Chenopodium album leaves extract using a Design of Experiments (DoE) approach. Initially, phytochemical screening of the extract confirmed the existence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and tannins. Nanosponge formulations were prepared using the hot melt method and optimized based on various parameters. The optimized nanosponge formulation exhibited a percentage yield in pet. ether 0.87% and ethanol 1.79%, particle size of 352.2 nm, zeta potential of 29.2 mV indicating good stability, and spherical morphology as confirmed by SEM analysis. The formulation showed smooth physical appearance. The optimized nanosponge formulation was further incorporated into a gel base to develop a nanosponge-loaded gel. A number of factors were assessed for the manufactured gel, showing desirable organoleptic properties, good homogenicity, pH of 6.9, viscosity of 5406±0.28 cps (measured by Brookfield viscometer), and spreadability of 12.36 g·cm/sec. In vitro antimicrobial activity conducted via the well diffusion method demonstrated significant zones of inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, confirming the gel\u27s antimicrobial potential. Stability studies performed as per ICH guidelines over a period of three months revealed no significant changes in physical appearance, pH, or viscosity, indicating that the formulation was stable under accelerated conditions. Overall, the study successfully formulated a stable and effective nanosponge-based gel with promising antimicrobial properties from Chenopodium album leaves extract
Process Validation of Polmacoxib Capsule
Get PDFProcess validation ensures consistency, quality, and compliance of the end product . This project is about process validation of capsule manufacturing, with an emphasis on optimizing and standardizing the production process to meet regulatory and quality requirements. The study includes the design, qualification, and validation of key manufacturing steps such as blending, granulation, encapsulation, and packaging. Critical parameters, such as uniformity of blend, weight variation, dissolution rate, and stability, are evaluated to establish reproducibility. The objective of this study is to optimize the manufacturing process of Polmacoxib while ensuring adherence to stringent quality assurance (QA) standards. This research explores critical process parameters (CPPs) and their impact on the critical quality attributes (CQAs) of Polmacoxib during its synthesis and formulation The results demonstrate that an optimized process ensures high yield, minimal impurities, and compliance with regulatory standards. The findings contribute to enhancing the scalability and reproducibility of Polmacoxib production, aligning with Good Manufacturing Practices (cGMP)
Biochemical and Immunological Effects of Propiconazole at LD50 in Experimental Animals
Get PDFIntroduction
Propiconazole is a systemic triazole fungicide commonly used in agriculture. Although its efficacy against fungal pathogens is well established, its biochemical and immunological effects at toxic doses remain underexplored. Understanding these effects is essential for assessing potential health risks associated with high-level exposure.
Objective
The objective of this study was to evaluate the biochemical and immunological effects of propiconazole administered at LD₅₀ in experimental animals, focusing on liver and kidney function, glucose and lipid metabolism, and immune response using the Mancini radial immunodiffusion test.
Materials and Methods
Male and female Wistar rats (150–200 g) were divided into control and treatment groups. The treatment group received a single oral dose of propiconazole at 500–600 mg/kg (LD₅₀). After 24–72 hours, blood and tissue samples were collected for biochemical assays and histopathological examination. Liver enzymes (AST, ALT), kidney markers (creatinine, urea), lipid profile (cholesterol, triglycerides), glucose levels, and oxidative stress markers (SOD, CAT, GPx) were measured. Immunological analysis was conducted using the Mancini radial immunodiffusion technique.
Results
Biochemical analysis showed moderate alterations in liver function, with elevated AST levels, while ALT remained stable. Kidney function markers (creatinine and urea) were not significantly affected. Lipid metabolism was altered, as evidenced by decreased cholesterol and triglyceride levels. Glucose levels were slightly elevated, suggesting minor disruption in glucose homeostasis. The RID test revealed a precipitation ring of 13 mm, corresponding to an antigen concentration of 2.0 µg/mL, indicating immunological activity. Histopathological analysis confirmed mild tissue alterations without severe organ damage.
Conclusion
At LD₅₀, propiconazole induces moderate biochemical and immunological changes, particularly affecting liver and lipid metabolism. However, kidney function and overall immune response appear to be preserved. These findings support the relatively low acute toxicity of propiconazole, while emphasizing the need for caution at high exposure levels
Functional Outcomes of Tibiotalocalcaneal Arthrodesis using a Retrograde Intramedullary Nail in Charcot Arthropathy of the Ankle Joint
Get PDFBackground: A progressive joint condition, Charcot neuroarthropathy (CN) is common in diabetics. This study evaluates tibiotalocalcaneal (TTC) arthrodesis with a retrograde intramedullary nail (IMN) for ankle Charcot neuroarthropathy (CN).
Methods: TTC arthrodesis using retrograde intramedullary nails was performed on 33 Charcot neuroarthropathy patients in this observational study. The AOFAS Ankle-Hindfoot Score measured functional outcomes, while radiographic fusion rates and complications were recorded at 6 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year after surgery.
Results: The mean preoperative AOFAS score was 30.4, which improved to 75.6 at a 1-year follow-up (p < 0.001). Fusion was achieved in 87.9% of patients by 6 months. Complications included superficial infections (6.1%) and nonunion (6.1%). No implant failure or re-ulceration was observed.
Conclusion: TTC arthrodesis using retrograde IMN is an effective and safe surgical option for patients with Charcot neuroarthropathy of the ankle, offering high fusion rates, significant functional improvement, and minimal complications
Smiles in the Digital Age: The CAD/CAM Revolution in Orthodontics
Get PDFThe integration of digital technologies such as Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT), Computer-Aided Design and Manufacturing (CAD/CAM), and 3D printing has revolutionized orthodontics, enhancing diagnosis, treatment planning, and appliance fabrication. These innovations enable precise 3D imaging, virtual treatment simulations, and the creation of customized orthodontic devices, which improve both treatment outcomes and patient communication. Digital tools, including advanced imaging methods and virtual patient modelling, allow for more accurate diagnosis and personalized care. CAD/CAM technology has streamlined the manufacturing of appliances, reducing errors and production time while ensuring better fit and functionality. Furthermore, digital workflows facilitate remote patient monitoring and teleorthodontics, enhancing convenience and treatment efficiency. Despite these advancements, challenges such as high initial costs, the need for specialized training, and data security concerns remain. However, the potential of digital orthodontics to improve treatment precision and patient satisfaction continues to drive its adoption in clinical practice. This paper explores the impact of CAD/CAM technology, 3D imaging, and digital workflows on orthodontic diagnosis, treatment planning, and appliance fabrication
Impact of Suboccipital Muscle Inhibition on Hamstring Flexibility: Integrating Neuro-Myofascial Connections in Modern Physiotherapy
Get PDFIntroduction: Hamstring tightness is prevalent among individuals between 18–27, often leading to reduced flexibility, discomfort, and an increased risk of musculoskeletal injuries. Various manual therapy techniques have been explored to improve hamstring flexibility, one of which is the suboccipital muscle inhibition (SMI) technique. The SMI technique focuses on reducing tension and myofascial restrictions in the suboccipital region. It is commonly used in physiotherapy to promote muscle relaxation and enhance overall flexibility.
Objectives: This review aims to assess the effectiveness of the suboccipital muscle inhibition (SMI) technique in enhancing hamstring flexibility. It analyses the immediate and short-term effects of SMI on hamstring mobility and explores its clinical relevance in the management of hamstring tightness.
Methods: A comprehensive literature review in accordance to PRISMA-ScR was conducted in PubMed, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect and Research gate, focusing on full-text articles from 2014 to 2024.
Results: A total of 570 studies were retrieved, and after removing duplicates and those not meeting inclusion criteria, 13 studies conducted between 2014 and 2024 were included, comprising RCTs, comparative, interventional, quasi-experimental, and experimental designs The findings suggest that SMI technique leads to an immediate improvement in hamstring flexibility.
Conclusions: SMI technique an effective therapy in enhancing hamstring flexibility. studies reported a significant and immediate increase in Hamstring flexibility following its application. It can be effectively incorporated into pre-exercise routines and rehabilitation programs to address hamstring tightness in clinical settings
An Inclusive Insight on Nitrosamine: A Reminiscent Carcinogen
Get PDFNitrosamines, are the potent carcinogenic compounds and are having significant concern in pharmaceutical industry. Specifically, NDMA is a probable human carcinogen. Nitrosamines having the presence of a nitroso and amine group, reacted in the acidic pH and/or under high temperature conditions. Its presence even at trace quantities in medicines concerns due to their carcinogenic and genotoxic nature, confirmed by the animal studies. Hence regulatory authorities implemented stringent guidelines for prohibiting occurrence of these impurities in pharmaceuticals. These impurities may form during API synthesis, can come from the excipients, raw materials, and recovered solvents or it may be the result of degradation pathway. To prevent the occurrence of these impurities it is important to perform vendor qualification, establishing specification for impurities, proper selection of raw materials, reagents, solvents, and packaging material evaluation. This article reviews the history, chemistry, formation, sources, preventive strategies, and acceptable intake limit of nitrosamines. 
Green Synthesis and Antimicrobial activities of Pyrano[3,2-C]pyridine derivatives
Get PDFSeveral Pyrano[3,2-C]pyridine derivatives were synthesised using pyridine, malononitrile, aromatic aldehydes and ketones. Using tamarind juice, pine apple juice and apple juice as a natural catalyst along with ethanol as a solvent. Antibacterial and antifungal studies were done on the synthesised derivatives which were found to be active against all the strains used