Journal of Chemical Health Risks (Islamic Azad University, Iran)
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C - Reactive Protein as a Predictive Marker for Inflammatory and Cardiovascular Risk among Hemodialysis Patients.
Get PDFBackground: C- reactive protein (CRP) has been shown to be both a marker and a mediator of atherosclerosis. Chronic inflammation is an important component in the development and progression of atherosclerosis. Low serum albumin concentrations, elevated Blood urea nitrogen and Creatinine ratio, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) associated with inflammation and all-cause cardiovascular mortality.
Methods: This study includes total of 35 post Haemodialysis patients undergoing dialysis treatment. Haematological parameters, lipid profile, total protein, albumin, blood urea Creatinine ratio and Neutrophil lymphocyte ratio were assessed. All Statistical analysis in the study was performed using SPSS for window version 20.0. The results summarized as mean ± Standard deviation (SD) and a P-value of less than 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.
Results: The association in age group was significant (χ2 =5.777, P < 0.05) in post HD patients. There were no significant correlation observed between CRP and lipid profile, protein parameters, endotoxin and haematological parameters among the study subjects.
Discussion: C-reactive protein CRP is a sensitive marker of inflammation in haemodialysis patients. A negative correlation was observed between the MCHC with the CRP status and also between the BUN and the HDL cholesterol levels. Inflammation associated with atherosclerosis decrease in HDL, increase in total cholesterol and LDL.
Conclusion: The association of CRP with HDL, LDL, endotoxin, UCR, NLC, haemoglobin and albumin is the predictive risk of inflammation in haemodialysis patients. Our study underscores the potential of CRP in improving risk stratification and personalized management strategies in haemodialysis patients.  
Role of Nanotechnology and Artificial Intelligence in Implant Prosthesis: A Systematic Review
Get PDFIntroduction:
Background: Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Nanotechnology have emerged as emerging technologies for the case of implanting prosthetics and also offer the potential for enhancing the patient and the functionality considering the patient outcomes.
Objective: The systematic review aims to explore the respective integration of Nanotechnology and AI in implant prosthetics focusing mainly on the advancements, clinical application, and future directions.
Methods: The research has focused on the respective use of systematic review that has considered different database search engines using the Boolean operators to gather all the relevant studies. The studies that are considered are taken from 2021 to 2025 and have involved some of the inclusion and exclusion criteria.
Results: There are around 10 full-text articles reviewed to effectively extract relevant and authentic information on the role of nanotechnology and Artificial Intelligence in implant prostheses. The key results from the systematics are associated with revealing that nanoparticles are used to improve biocompatibility, mechanical strengths and others. In addition, it is also revealed that AI technology helps in improving the accuracy of the implant sizes, monitoring the implants, prosthetic design efficiency and others.
Conclusion: Nanotechnology and AI significantly help in the enhancement of the design and functionality of implant prosthetics. The future reach focuses on the respective use of higher quality and the further ethical consideration for the use of nanotechnology and AI
Comparing the Traditional Safe Triangle Approach and Kambin’s Triangle Approach: Is the Technique Significant in Transforaminal Epidural Steroid Injection (TFESI) for Lumbar Disc Herniation?
Get PDFBackground: Lumbar disc herniation (LDH) is one of the primary causes of back and leg pain affecting today’s working population and is a major contributor to sickness absenteeism, creating a substantial socioeconomic burden. Low back pain is one of the leading causes of physical disability in both old and younger age groups. Low back pain has a point prevalence of 12%, a year-on-year prevalence of 38%, and a lifetime prevalence of 40%. The aging population leads to a rising number of individuals affected by lower back pain.
The study aims to compare the outcome of percutaneous transformational epidural steroid injection (TFESI) for LDH using the traditional safe triangle approach versus Kambin’s triangle approach.
Materials and methods: A retrospective cohort hospital-based observational study was conducted among a total of 90 patients who had underwent percutaneous epidural steroid injection using the traditional safe triangle approach versus Kambin’s triangle approach for LDH. Patients were identified through electronic medical record (EMR) documentation.
Results: The majority of patients in Group A belonged to the 61-65 years and in Group B to the 71-75 years, respectively. The overall success rate of the procedure was higher in the safe triangle approach, and there was an association found between the type of procedure and the successful rate. There was no statistically significant difference between the two approaches, namely, traditional safety triangle approach and Kambin’s triangle approach, in terms of Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) score and Oswestry Disability Index(ODI) score at pre-injection and at one month and three months post-injection.
Conclusion: The Kambin\u27s triangle approach is just as effective for the interim outcome as the sub pedicular approach and provides significant advantages. The Kambin\u27s triangle approach may be used as an alternative to TFESI in situations where needle tip placement in the anterior epidural is challenging
Surgical Management of Oral Submucous Fibrosis: A Systematic Review
Get PDFABSTRACT: Background: Oral submucous fibrosis is a chronic disorder mainly caused to areca nut intake which clinically has typical features like limited mouth opening and fibrous bands. OSMF has an increased risk for malignant transformation into oral squamous cell carcinoma. There are no standard options for surgical management of OSMF, so a methodological assessments of different surgical with their differences is necessary.
Objective: To systematically review different surgical treatments of OSMF and their efficacy, clinical results, and restrictions of various surgical treatments and therefore generating evidence-based review.
Methods: Using relevant keywords, a detailed search was performed in PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Scopus databases with emphasis on surgical techniques and their quantitative results. Studies assessing the methods including Buccal Fat Pad (BFP), Nasolabial Flap (NLF), Laser-Assisted Surgery, Palatal Island Flap, Split Skin Grafting (SSG), and Tongue Flaps are included. According to PRISMA guidelines data were collected to ensure reproducibility and transparency in the review.
Results: This systematic review summarizes the various surgical techniques for managing Oral Submucous Fibrosis (OSMF), depending on the severity of the condition. for mild-to-moderate cases, Buccal Fat Pad (BFP) grafting is highly effective with postoperative mouth opening of 20–25 mm and less than 10% recurrence rates. For severe fibrosis, Nasolabial Flap (NLF) is suited but with aesthetic concerns like scarring and intraoral hair growth. Laser-Assisted Surgery is a minimally invasive alternative with post operative mouth opening of 15–20 mm, faster recovery and less than 10% recurrence rate. In advanced fibrosis, Palatal Island Flap is most effective surgical procedure with post op mouth opening of 33–36 mm and functional improvements, while Split Skin Grafting (SSG) poses higher complications and high recurrence rate gives post op mouth opening of 15–20 mm. For extensive cases robust results are seen with Tongue Flaps with less complications, and long-term efficacy and 33–38 mm of mouth opening, These findings from the review suggest a case centric surgical treatment methods based on the severity.
Conclusion: Based on this evidence-based review different stages, different degrees of fibrosis and patient centric approaches are better surgical treatment of OSMF. BFP grafting and laser surgery are advised in early stages whereas advanced cases need NLF, Palatal Island Flap, SSG, and Tongue Flap. Developing a refined techniques and uniform procedures need long term and multicentric studies
Study of Tablet in Tablet Approach for the Designing and Evaluation of Antidiabetic Combined Immediate and Modified Release Tablets
Get PDFOral administration is the most common method, when it comes to medication. Although there are certain medications that are meant to be dissolved in the mouth when they are taken orally, the overwhelming majority of medications that are taken orally are still swallowed. When compared to other methods of drug administration, the oral route of drug administration is the most common and has been used with great effectiveness for the delivery of drugs following traditional methods. Tablets are the most extensively used dosage form among all of the possible dosage forms. This is due to the fact that they are easy to administer, have a reduced manufacturing cost, and are elegant. Coating processes largely determine the visual qualities of a product, including its colour, texture, mouth feel, and ability to disguise flavour. There are several limitations or problems associated with this coating technique; nevertheless, one of the greatest options is the tablet in tablet, which works to overcome these limitations. For the purpose of conducting anti-diabetic research, the current work is to conduct a full assessment of the formulation, characterization, and obstacles involved in the production of tablets in tablet dosage form. The formulation is to create a tablet-in-tablet of gliclazide, metformin by developing a modified release core tablet of gliclazide SR and its outer shell, which will act as an immediate release tablet of metformin
An In-Depth Examination of the Pharmacological Effects of Plants in the Therapeutic Management of Alzheimer\u27s Disease.
Get PDFAlzheimer\u27s disease is a progressive neurological condition caused by changes in the brain, leading to memory loss, confusion, emotional instability, and cognitive decline. This neurodegenerative disease begins gradually and worsens over time. Initially, damage occurs in the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex, which are crucial areas for memory, resulting in a decrease in brain size. Currently, medical experts, researchers, and scientists are facing challenges in identifying significant brain changes during the early stages of Alzheimer\u27s and as the disease progresses. There is growing global interest in natural remedies, dietary supplements, and functional foods marketed as memory enhancers that may help prevent Alzheimer\u27s and other forms of cognitive decline. However, the claims regarding the safety and effectiveness of these products are largely based on limited testimonials, traditional knowledge, and minimal scientific research. Historically, natural compounds were among the first treatments used for Alzheimer\u27s disease. Comprehensive studies are still needed to fully understand the mechanisms of herbal formulations and to establish appropriate dosages and treatment regimens. The optimal compliance framework consists of five key points: (1) it addresses multiple objectives; (2) it maximizes the impact on each goal; (3) it prevents adverse interactions with other drugs; (4) it has lasting effects and avoids tolerance; and (5) it operates within reasonable limits. We are continuously exploring new herbal formulations within this optimal compliance framework to address complex conditions such as Alzheimer\u27s disease. This article provides a thorough review of Alzheimer\u27s disease and the plants used in its treatment
Questionnaire based Evaluation of Implant Prosthesis and Related Quality of Life in Patients with Conventional Implants: An Original Research Study
Get PDFAim: The study aimed to evaluate the impact of implant prostheses on patients quality of life with conventional implants.
Materials and Methods: This study was to evaluate the impact of implant prostheses on patients\u27 quality of life in the city, focusing on private general practitioners. Using a cross-sectional questionnaire with eight closed-ended questions, we gathered responses from 100 of 140 dental practitioners from the local registry. The method was efficient and ensured confidentiality and informed consent. Data collection took one month, and results were statistically analyzed at p<0.05. Findings were shared with participants to illustrate the effect of implant prostheses on patient quality of life.
Statistical Analysis and Results: A study was conducted with a questionnaire distributed to 100 dental practitioners, and the responses were analyzed using SPSS. Results showed a gender distribution of 65 males and 35 females, with 30 practitioners aged over 75 and only 6 in the 41-50 age range, indicating a prevalence of older participants. A significant p-value was noted for the 61-70 age group. Additionally, over 68 of respondents held only undergraduate degrees, and 60% had less than four years in private practice. The overall findings revealed a combined p-value of 0.005, emphasizing the study\u27s significance.
Conclusion: Authors have concluded that the dental implant treatments effectively meet patients\u27 needs after tooth loss, with most patients expressing satisfaction in functionality, aesthetics, phonetics, and comfort. Clinical evaluations, such as mobility and bleeding, correlate with this satisfaction. Data on patient experiences help dentists align treatments with expectations. Overall, dental implants enhance patient satisfaction and quality of life, making them a preferred solution for replacing missing teeth
Evaluation and Comparison of Antimicrobial Efficacy of Leaves and Roots Extract of Moringa Oleifera Plant against Periodontal Pathogens - An Invitro Study.
Get PDFIntroduction: Periodontitis is one of the main causes of tooth loss and is caused by various species of microorganisms Due to the increased incidence of resistance to conventional drugs used and their side effects, herbal medicines have turned out to be a popular form of therapy for both prophylaxis and treatment of various ailments. Moringa oleifera plant is a medicinal plant with multifarious ethnomedicinal uses to treat various ailments.Moringa has been proven effective as antibacterial and anti-inflammatory agent.
Objectives: This in vitro study was carried out to evaluate and compare the antimicrobial efficacy of leaf and root extract of Moringa oleifera against four strains of periodontal pathobionts namely T.forsythia, F.nucleatum, P.gingivalis,P.intermedia.
Method: The root and leaves extract were prepared using 95%ethanol by Maceration method of extraction. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of plant extracts were determined against each bacterium using thioglycolate broth through serial dilution method.
Result: All the test microorganisms were found to be sensitive to both leaf and root extracts. Ethanolic leaf extracts exhibited bactericidal activity against all except P.intermedia to which it was bacteriostatic. Root extract inhibited growth of the test microorganisms F.nucleatum. P.gingivalis and P.intermedia and was bactericidal to T.forsythia.
Conclusion: Extracts of this easily available plant could be a possible source to obtain a new and effective herbal medicine in the treatment of periodontal diseases. The combination potentials of its extracts with commercially available antibiotics in the treatment of periodontitis holds a promising approach in future
A Mixed Method Study to Analyze Substance Abuse Among Government Bus Drivers of Greater Noida and to Assess Their Knowledge Regarding Risk Factors Associated with Substance Abuse.
Get PDFSubstance abuse among government bus drivers is a pressing concern, given the high-stress nature of their work and its potential implications for public safety. This mixed-methods study aimed to assess the prevalence of substance abuse among bus drivers in Greater Noida and evaluate their knowledge regarding associated risk factors. Semi-structured interviews with 10 bus drivers revealed high levels of substance use, predominantly in the form of gutkha and beedi. Key themes emerged regarding workplace-related triggers, peer influence, health impacts, and challenges in cessation efforts. While most drivers were aware of the adverse effects, most found quitting difficult due to ingrained habits, social normalization, and the perceived benefits of increased concentration and stress relief. The findings underscore the urgent need for targeted interventions, including educational programs, counseling, and alternative coping mechanisms, to mitigate substance abuse in this vulnerable occupational group.
The present study aims to analyze the prevalence and patterns of substance abuse among government bus drivers in Greater Noida and assess their knowledge of the associated risk factors using both qualitative and quantitative methods
Free Radical Scavenging Activity and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Camellia Sinensis Mediated Silver Nanoparticles Incorporated Hyaluronic Acid, Poly Vinyl Alcohol Nano Formulations - An in Vitro Study
Get PDFThe study investigates the synergistic potential of a novel nanocomposite combining green tea extract, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), poly vinyl alcohol (PVA) and hyaluronic acid (HA) for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Green tea, rich in polyphenols, offers potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, while silver nanoparticles are renowned for their broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. Hyaluronic acid, a biocompatible polymer, serves as a stabilizing and bioactive agent, enhancing the biocompatibility and efficacy of the nanocomposite. The synthesis of the green tea-AgNP-HA-PVA nanocomposite was optimized using a green synthesis approach, ensuring eco-friendliness and minimizing toxicity. Poly vinyl alcohol is a poly hydroxy polymer and chemically resistant emulsifier with good adhesion properties. Because of its membrane forming ability and hydrophilic qualities, poly vinyl alcohol is commonly used as a polymer. Comprehensive in vitro assays demonstrated significant antioxidant activity, as indicated by DPPH radical scavenging, along with notable anti-inflammatory effects in LPS-stimulated macrophage models. Additionally, the nanocomposite exhibited robust antimicrobial efficacy against common oral pathogens, including Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans. These findings suggest that the green tea-AgNP-HA nanocomposite holds promise as a multifunctional therapeutic agent in the management of oral diseases, with potential applications in preventing and treating infections, reducing inflammation, and promoting tissue regeneration and wound heling. Further in vivo studies are recommended to explore its clinical efficacy and safety