Journal of Chemical Health Risks (Islamic Azad University, Iran)
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Evaluation of Antidepressant Activity of Leucaena Leucocephala Leaves in Swiss Albino Mice
Get PDFIntroduction: A common psychiatric condition that affects about 5% of the population is depression. Moreover, it is challenging to forecast which patient will react to a particular course of treatment. Many adverse effects, such as heart toxicity, hypopiesia, sexual dysfunction, weight gain, and sleep disorders, can be imposed by the drugs that people are now utilizing. For thousands of years, various plants and herbal remedies have been utilized in traditional medical systems to alleviate depression. In the current investigation, Swiss albino mice were used to test the ethanol extract of Leucaena leucocephala leaves for antidepressant-like properties.
Objectives: The purpose pf the study was to assess Leucaena leucocephala ethanolic extract’s antidepressant potential.
Methods: Leucaena leucocephala ethanolic extract\u27s antidepressant properties were examined utilizing the TST and FST. The standard drug was imipramine. Acute Restraint Stress was used to create stress in mice. Imipramine (10 mg/kg) and ethanol extract of the leaves (100, 200 mg/kg) were given for 14 days. In both models, the duration of immobility was documented.
Results: In our investigation, the period of immobility in both experimental models was dramatically shortened by imipramine and EELLL as compared to the animals in the control group. EELLL\u27s antidepressant efficacy was compared to that of imipramine, a common medication. Thus, Leucaena leucocephala leaf ethanol extract significantly exhibited antidepressant-like effects in rats.
Conclusions: Leucaena leucocephala leaves were extracted using ethanol, phytochemical analysis determines the presence of coumarins, saponins, flavonoids, phenols, tannins, cardiac glycosides, terpenoids, steroids, and amino acids. Comparing the EELLL to ARS, the study indicates that the higher dose of 200 mg/kg of the extract had considerable antidepressant efficacy. It has been demonstrated to raise SOD and catalase levels as well as improve behavioural symptoms
Prevalence and Nutrition-Related Risk Factors of Hepatorenal Syndrome in Liver Cirrhosis Patients with Malnutrition
Get PDFObjective: This study aimed to understand the prevalence of hepatorenal syndrome in malnourished patients with liver cirrhosis and identify nutrition-related risk factors associated with its development.
Methods: This retrospective study included 385 cirrhosis patients with signs of malnutrition admitted between January 2017 and December 2022. Patients were classified based on body mass index (BMI) and serum albumin level. HRS was diagnosed based on the International Ascites Club criteria (7, 8). Data on demographics, etiology, disease severity, laboratory parameters, and clinical outcomes were collected from medical records. Data were statistically analyzed for descriptive and multivariate parameters using SPSS software 23.0
Results:
The prevalence of HRS in the population with chronic malnutrition was 24.15%. HRS was significantly higher in severely malnourished patients with a BMI of 16.0 kg/m2 and albumin level of 2.8 g/dL (76.34%) than in mildly malnourished patients. A multivariate investigation revealed that a low body mass index (OR=2.5, 95% CI: 1.5-4.1) and low serum albumin (OR=3.2, 95% CI: 1.8-6.0) were independent risk factors for the development of HRS.
Conclusion: The study findings highlight the importance of nutritional support in the management of patients with cirrhosis to prevent the development of HRS. Further prospective studies are needed to validate our results and explore the potential mechanisms underlying the association between malnutrition and hepatorenal syndrome
“A Correlation Study to Assess the Percevied Parental Expectation and Level of Anger among School Going Children in A Selected Schools at Bagalkot’’.
Get PDFIntroduction: Anger has been studied considerably less frequently than other emotions such as anxiety, depression, happiness, and irritability. Behaviour and the human mind, however, cannot be adequately understood without an appreciation of the pivotal role played by anger. Studies have examined the relation of anger. Anger is both an internal experience and a mode of expression. While feeling anger internally, people may express it outwardly, suppress it inwardly, or control it. [1] Although anger expression is based on internal feelings of anger, the way it is expressed depends on a number of factors. Thus, individual differences in terms of liability to feel anger and express it still require investigation. [2] One factor influencing feelings of anger and anger expression may be the way people were reared as children. For example, children’s anger is reported to be led by parents who are aggressive or who demonstrate high levels of trait anger.[3] Contrast, perceived parenting during childhood has been studied only minimally in terms of its association with trait anger and anger expression. Parker claimed that parental attitudes characterized by overprotection and low affection were associated with mood and anxiety disorders in adulthood, an association that has widely been recognized. This parenting pattern has been termed affectionless control. This study aimed to test our hypothesis that poor parenting during childhood may be linked to trait anger and anger expression in adulthood. [4]
Methods: It was a correlation study directed among 100 High school students between the age gatherings of 14-16 years in Adarsh High School Navanagar Bagalkot. Information was gathered utilizing a structured knowledge questionnaire to survey socio demographic information, Perceived parental expectation Scale (Rating scale) was utilized to evaluate the Parents expectation among their children. Anger expression scale (Likert’s scale) was utilized to assess the level of Anger among the students.
Results: There was a significant negative connection between Perceived parental expectation and Anger expression children P<0.05. The r esteem got was 0.1352. Thus, the connection between the two factors is seen as statistically significant.
Conclusions: In the wake of acquiring the consequences of the current review the scientist saw that there is negative relationship between Perceived parental expectation and Anger expression children
Advancements in Emergency Medicine: From Traumatology to Innovations
Get PDFEmergency medicine has undergone a remarkable transformation over the past few decades, evolving from basic trauma response protocols into a highly specialized, technology-driven field that encompasses a wide array of acute medical interventions. With the global increase in trauma-related morbidity and mortality, the importance of timely and efficient emergency care has never been more evident. This review explores the latest advancements in emergency medicine, highlighting innovations in diagnostic tools, therapeutic strategies, and system-level integration.
Key developments such as point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS), rapid biomarker testing, and artificial intelligence (AI)-driven triage are revolutionizing emergency diagnostics and decision-making. In therapeutics, targeted pharmacologic interventions like tranexamic acid (TXA) and advanced techniques like resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) are improving survival rates in critical patients. Additionally, the integration of digital health tools, electronic health records (EHRs), and simulation-based training are shaping the future landscape of emergency care.
This article also addresses disparities in emergency system access across rural and urban populations and explores emerging approaches to personalized and genomic-guided emergency medicine. By providing a comprehensive overview of current innovations and identifying future directions, this review underscores the dynamic nature of emergency medicine and its pivotal role in improving global health outcomes.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.52783/jchr.v15.i2.775
Characterization of Hyaluronic Acid - Alginate - Divinyl Sulfone Scaffold for Cartilage Tissue Regeneration
Get PDFAim - Cartilage engineering holds tremendous potential for addressing cartilage defects and diseases. To facilitate successful cartilage formation, it is imperative to develop composite scaffolds that closely replicate the natural extracellular matrix of cartilage. This study delves into the characterization of a novel composite scaffold comprising hyaluronic acid, divinyl sulfone, and alginate for cartilage engineering.
Methodology - Hyaluronic acid (HA) solutions were incorporated with sodium alginate and later crosslinked with divinyl sulfone (DVS). The resulting HA, alginate, and DVS hydrogel was thoroughly characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), Energy- Dispersive X-ray Analysis (EDAX), and in vitro cytotoxicity assays.
Results and Conclusion - This composite scaffold is tailored to provide an environment conducive to the growth and differentiation of chondrocytes or stem cells, ultimately leading to the regeneration of healthy cartilage
Health Risks of Stress, Anxiety, and Depression and the Effectiveness of Yoga in Distress Reduction in Adolescents Studying in Schools Located in the Field Practice Area of a Tertiary Care Institution, Kanchipuram. a Randomized Control Trial.
Get PDFBackground: The adolescent age group is more prone to depression anxiety stress and other mental health conditions due to the transitional effect of their age group. The present study aims to assess their distress and to determine the impact of yoga on distress reduction compared to lifestyle education.
Methods and materials: The present experimental study was conducted among school-going adolescents from two publicly funded schools of the panchayat in the Southern part of India. A cluster random sampling was done to select the estimated sample size of 300 adolescents. Data were collected by interview method using a self-designed questionnaire. The mental distress was assessed using the DASS-10 questionnaire. Univariate analyses and student t-test analyses were done by Stata 17.
Results: More than one-third of the study participants 110 (36.66%) had distress in baseline data. On univariate analysis, it was found that female gender (p<0.05); father\u27s education below high school level (p<0.001); lower socioeconomic status (p<0.001); joint family (p<0.001); living in urban setup (p<0.001); underweight (p<0.05); addictive status of the father (p<0.001); stressful events in the family (p<0.001); more than one siblings (p<0.001); unsatisfied academic performance (p<0.001) and binge eating (p<0.001) were found to be significantly related to distress among adolescents. In the pretest, distress was seen in 61 (40.6%) adolescents which was reduced to 39 (26%) in the post-test after the yoga session in the intervention arm. Thus 35.97% decrease in distress was noted in the intervention arm which was significant when compared to a 24.53% distress reduction in the control group.
Conclusion: As yoga intervention substantially reduced the prevalence of distress, it is recommended that yoga be made a compulsory weekly activity in the adolescent\u27s education curriculum alongside conventional physical training classe
An in Vivo Assessment of Effects of Smoking on Alveolar Bone Loss in Implants in Post Operative Phases: A Clinical (Original Research) Study
Get PDFAim: The ultimate aim of this in vivo study was to evaluate the effects of smoking on alveolar bone loss in implants in post operative phases.
Materials & Methods: The present study was conducted on 24 patients those selected from the department. Both male and female patients were included in the study in the age range of 24-40 years. After successful placement of the implant, the alveolar bone around implants was assessed. This evaluation was performed on the basis of radiological details created by Cone Beam Computed Tomography after 30 days. Group one has assessment conducted after 30 days on 12 smoker patients. Group two has assessment conducted after 30 days on 12 non-smoker patients. Presented bone heights were noticed and compared to calculate actual crestal bone loss. P value less than 0.05 was considered significant (p< 0.05).
Statistical Analysis and Results: Statistical analysis was completed by using statistical software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 22. 8 patients were in the age range of 24-28 years. Therefore we can believe that most of the participating patients were in younger age groups. P value was noticed to be very significant here. The calculated value was 0.01. P value was also highly significant for the participants of the age range 34-37 years. In group 1, maximum bone heights were seen at distal side while minimum bone height was seen at buccal side of implants. P value was noticed to be very significant at mesial side. The calculated value was 0.01. For One-Way ANOVA, p value was very significant.
Conclusion: Within the limitations of the study, authors concluded that smoking has deleterious effects on overall mean bone levels around implants. The overall mean bony levels were high in non-smokers when compared with smokers. Maximum bone level was seen at distal surface and minimum bone level at lingual surface
Gut-Brain Nexus: Deciphering the Role of Gut-Derived Neurotransmitters Serotonin and GABA in Neurological and Mental Health
Get PDFBackground
This article is a review aiming to investigate into the intricate relationship between the gut and the brain, with a specific focus on two pivotal gut-derived neurotransmitters, Serotonin and Gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA). Emerging research suggests that the gut microbiome, through the production of these neurotransmitters, plays a critical role in influencing neurological and mental health. Growing data indicates that the gut microbiota regulates the appropriate operation of the gut-brain axis. Approximately 90-95% of the body\u27s serotonin, a key modulator of mood and emotion, and a substantial portion of GABA, a primary inhibitory neurotransmitter involved in reducing neuronal excitability, are synthesized in the gut.
Main text
This review explores the mechanisms by which these gut-derived molecules communicate with the brain, involve in the physiology of the gut-brain axis via complex neural, endocrine and immune pathways. The implications of this bidirectional communication for a spectrum of neurological and psychiatric disorders are considered. By integrating findings from recent studies, a comprehensive understanding of how alterations in gut microbiome composition and function can influence brain health and behavior are analyzed in this article. Furthermore, the review discusses therapeutic potentials, highlighting how modulation of the gut microbiome could offer novel approaches to treating mental health disorders in relation with Serotonin and GABA.
Conclusions
This summary of recent findings highlights the importance of the gut-brain axis as a key focus for psychoneurological health and lead ways for novel, microbiome-focused approaches in psychiatry and neurology
Cognitive Impairment in Clinically Stable Patients with Schizophrenia: A Cross-Sectional Study from a Teaching Hospital Eastern UP
Get PDFIntroduction: Over the past two decades, research on schizophrenia has extensively focused on cognitive impairment, its impact on daily functioning, and overall disease outcomes.
Aim and Objective: The study aims to evaluate cognitive deficits across five domains—Attention, Memory, Fluency, Language, and Visuospatial abilities—in young adults diagnosed with schizophrenia and compare them with a control group matched for age, sex, and education.
Methods: A total of 50 participants with schizophrenia were recruited from the psychiatric outpatient department (OPD), while 50 control participants were selected from the general population. Both groups underwent screening based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) and Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination-III (ACE-III) were administered, and the data were analysed using SPSS software version 23.0.
Results: The study revealed a significant difference in ACE-III scores between the schizophrenia and control groups (84% vs. 100%, p=0.003), with schizophrenia patients showing a decline across all cognitive domains compared to controls (p<0.000). The mean scores in the schizophrenia and control groups, respectively, were as follows: Attention (14.22 vs. 16.38), Memory (24.14 vs. 25.04), Fluency (12.92 vs. 13.64), Language (24.22 vs. 25.46), Visuospatial abilities (14.14 vs. 15.28), and the overall ACE-III score (89.92 vs. 95.86). Additionally, cognitive decline was observed in the total ACE-III score based on the duration of illness (<1 year, 1–5 years, and >5 years), which was statistically significant (91.47 vs. 90.15 vs. 86.82, p=0.000).
Conclusion: These findings highlight the need for greater attention to cognitive impairments in schizophrenia. Implementing routine cognitive assessments during initial evaluations and follow-up appointments may help in early detection and management, ultimately improving patient outcomes
3D Printing: Current Trends in Technology
Get PDFAdditive manufacturing with proper geometry is a pressing priority for its ecofriendly unit material use. Three-dimensional printing is just like fabricating our creative power by manufacturing contemporaneous objects by depositing layer after layer of filaments. 3-D printing is gaining importance in every capacity of healthcare system and most importantly the biomedical application has taken a tremendous leap forward. 3-D printing helps us in designing a more efficient patient based treatment by facilitating customized manufacturing, hence overcoming the old theory, “one size fits all”. This review abridge various applications of 3-D printing in healthcare system, including organ grafting, drug delivery systems, implants, etc. demonstrating different materials and technologies used in 3-D printing, and furthermore, a detailed listing of the challenges associated with this technology is adequately mapped in this review. The objective of this review is to explore the current scenario of 3-D technology for achieving its well-shaped utilization by researcher in coming days.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.52783/jchr.v15.i2.788