Journal of Chemical Health Risks (Islamic Azad University, Iran)
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Comparison of Incidence of Post Operative Sore Throat during Conventional Laryngoscopy and Endotracheal Intubation Performed by Trainees and Senior Anaesthetists. A Prospective Randomised Single Blinded Study.
Get PDFBackground: Postoperative sore throat (POST) is a frequent complication following tracheal intubation during general anesthesia, causing patient discomfort and dissatisfaction. The influence of the intubator’s experience on the incidence and severity of POST remains unclear.
Aim: To compare the incidence of postoperative sore throat between intubations performed by trainees and senior anaesthetists. Secondary aims were to compare the hemodynamic pressor response during intubation and the duration of laryngoscopy and intubation.
Methods: A prospective randomized single-blinded study was conducted on 60 ASA I and II patients aged 18 to 60 years undergoing elective surgeries requiring conventional laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation. Patients were randomized into two groups: trainees (anaesthesia residents with ≥50 prior intubations) and senior anaesthetists (≥5 years of experience). Standardized anesthesia protocols and monitoring were applied. Postoperative sore throat was assessed over 24 hours using a 10-point numeric rating scale. Hemodynamic variables were recorded at baseline and at 1, 3, and 5 minutes post-intubation.
Results: POST incidence was 40.0% in the trainee group and 26.7% in the senior anaesthetist group, with no statistically significant difference (p = 0.29). Severity of POST also did not differ significantly (p = 0.57). Duration of laryngoscopy and intubation was longer in the trainee group (26.7 ± 5.5 seconds) compared to seniors (17.2 ± 4.9 seconds) (p < 0.001). Hemodynamic responses were similar between groups at all measured time points (p > 0.05). No major complications were reported.
Findings: The study demonstrates that, under supervision and standardized techniques, trainee-performed intubations do not increase the risk or severity of postoperative sore throat or hemodynamic instability compared to senior anaesthetists, despite longer intubation times
Precision Medicine in Neurodegenerative Disorders: From Biomarkers to Therapeutic Strategies with Future Perspective and Challenges
Get PDFNeurological diseases such as Alzheimer\u27s, Parkinson\u27s, Huntington\u27s, and Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis have been radically transformed by precision medicine made possible by the human genome project and next-generation sequencing (NGS). More individualized care is possible with precision medicine since it adjusts medications based on patients\u27 unique genetic profiles. When it comes to early diagnosis, illness progression prediction, and treatment efficacy monitoring, biomarkers—and microRNA in particular—are indispensable. With the use of these biomarkers, illness tracking and treatment can be improved. Gene therapy, immunotherapy, neuromodulation, and Al-driven diagnostics are among of the innovative medicines that provide fresh hope for treatment. Immunotherapy aims to destroy dangerous protein aggregation, whereas gene therapy targets the underlying genetic causes of neurodegenerative diseases. Improved motor and cognitive function can be achieved by neuromodulation treatments. Early detection and progression tracking are both improved by AI applications. Overcoming the blood-brain barrier, finding disease-modifying medications, and reducing the high failure rates of clinical trials are all obstacles that need to be addressed. To enhance the results for individuals suffering from neurological diseases, it is crucial to keep pushing the boundaries of what is known about biomarkers and how treatments are delivered
Tartrazine, A Food Coloring Agent Exacerbate Streptozotocin-Induced Testicular and Epididymal Toxicity: A Study in Diabetic Rat Models
Get PDFThe present study investigated the probable effect of a food coloring agent, tartrazine on male reproductive health in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Healthy male rats were divided into three groups(n =8 per group) wherein rats in group I served as controls and rats in group II, and III were treated as diabetic rats which were injected with streptozotocin (STZ). In addition, rats in groups III wereorally administered with tartrazine (TTZ: 500 mg/Kg BW) over a period of 60 days. In diabetic rats, a significant reduction in the relative weights of reproductive organs, testicular daily sperm count, epididymal sperm count, sperm motility, sperm viability and sperm membrane integrity, circulatory levels of serum testosterone and the activity levels of testicular 3β- and 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases were observed over untreated rats. A significant increase in the circulatory levels of follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone in diabetic rats were observed over controls. Significant elevation in the lipid peroxidation levels and hydrogen peroxide content accompanied by a significant reduction in the activity levels of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase in the testis of diabetic rats were observed over untreated rats. RT-qPCR analysis revealed that the expression levels of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) mRNA was observed in the testis of diabetic rats. The testicular architecture was disorganized in STZ-induced diabetic rats. Interestingly, oral administration of TTZ further deteriorated the selected reproductive variables in STZ-induced diabetic rats as compared to STZ alone treated rats. Furthermore, the fertility efficacy of STZ plus TTZ administered rats was deteriorated as compared to STZ alone treated rats. In silico analysis also indicated that TTZ can able to occupy the same ligand binding pocket and compete with cholesterol, an endogenous ligand for StAR protein thereby interferes with testosterone biosynthesis. From the results, it can be concluded that the administration of TTZ accelerate the adverse on testicular functions in STZ-induced diabetic rat models
“A Coalition Between Nutritional and Dental Health Status Amongst the Geriatric Population in Uttarakhand State”
Get PDFBackground: Impaired oral health has been suggested to affect the food selection, hence making people susceptible to malnutrition.
Objectives: The current study was done to assess the correlation of dental health and nutritional status in the elderly population of Uttarakhand.
Material and Method: In the Indian state of Uttarakhand, a community-based cross-sectional survey was carried out in 2022–2024. Using a population proportionate to size sampling technique, 200 senior citizens from several Uttarakhand cities were enlisted. Anthropometric measures and sociodemographic profile data were gathered. To evaluate nutritional status, the Mini Nutritional Assessment scale (MNA) and body mass index (BMI) were computed. Through a physical examination, a qualified specialist evaluated the state of oral health. Data on dietary intake was gathered using the 24-hour dietary recall technique.
Results: The underweight (as calculated by BMI) and malnutrition (as measured by MNA) rate was greater in subjects who were totally edentulous, had difficulty in chewing, and did not use dentures. In comparison with subjects who did not use dentures, the malnutrition rate was significantly lower than subjects wearing dentures.
Conclusion: Among older adults in Uttarakhand, poor dietary condition was substantially correlated with dental health status. In order to improve the nutritional state of the senior population, restorative dental healthcare services should be improved
Hypothyroidism as a Risk Factor for Choledocholithiasis
Get PDFBackground: Gallstone disease is a common world-wide health problem, with choledocholithiasis (CBD stones) as one of its complications. Hypothyroidism has been put forward as an etiological factor for gallstone formation based on its influence on lipid metabolism and biliary motility. This study assess the correlation between hypothyroidism and CBD stone formation and investigate thyroid function and lipid profile changes in affected patients.
Methods: The research was done in the hospital setting carried out using 140 study subjects, 70 patients with CBD stones and 70 healthy controls. The thyroid function tests and the lipid profile tests were done. The characteristics of CBD stones and the associated biliary conditions were compared in those with and without hypothyroidism.
Results: The prevalence of hypothyroidism was significantly greater among CBD stone patients (22.9%) compared to the control group (7.1%) (p=0.0095). The mean TSH levels were higher in the cases (3.6 ± 3 mIU/L) than in the controls (2.6 ± 1.5 mIU/L) (p=0.0014), along with decreased T3 and T4 levels in the cases. In cases total cholesterol and triglyceride levels along with reduced HDL levels in comparison to controls. An increased incidence of multiple CBD stones was seen in hypothyroid patients, at 62.5%. The incidence of associated pancreatitis was significantly lower in hypothyroid patients (25%) compared to non-hypothyroid patients (85.1%) (p<0.0001).
Conclusions: Hypothyroidism is associated to CBD stone development and dysfunctional thyroid function and lipid profile. Gallstone disease patients should be screened for thyroid dysfunction to detect and avoid complications
Exploring Caffeine Withdrawal Insomnia Using Insomnia Severity Index (Isi) Method: An Observational Study in Indian Rural Population
Get PDFPurpose
The aim of this study was to assess the physical and mental changes in individuals from a rural Indian population before and after caffeine withdrawal. This study focuses on the behavioral effects, especially insomnia, after caffeine deprivation among participants consuming high levels of caffeine daily.
Methods
An observational cross-sectional study was conducted over a two-month period among 68 volunteers at Sanjivani Rural Education Society, Maharashtra, India. Participants were selected based on their daily caffeine intake, with inclusion criteria focusing on individuals consuming more than 400 mg of caffeine per day. Data on demographics and caffeine consumption were collected using a structured questionnaire. The Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) was used to assess changes in sleep patterns before and after 72 hours of caffeine withdrawal. A multiple correlation method was applied to analyze the relationship between caffeine intake and insomnia severity.
Result
Out of 68 participants, 84% (n=59) reported sleep disturbances during the caffeine withdrawal period, which was classified as substance-induced insomnia according to DSM-IV criteria. A multiple correlation analysis indicated a mild positive association (R=0.22) between high caffeine consumption and the severity of insomnia during withdrawal. These findings suggest that excessive caffeine intake significantly affects sleep quality, particularly during withdrawal periods.
Conclusion
The study identified a notable impact of high caffeine intake on sleep disturbances in a rural Indian population. The results emphasize the importance of moderating daily caffeine consumption to prevent insomnia and improve sleep hygiene. Individualized recommendations for daily caffeine intake are crucial for mitigating potential adverse effects on sleep and overall health
Immediate Loading with One Piece Implant Following Extraction in Anterior Esthethic Zone
Get PDFIt\u27s understood that one - piece implant design is a stronger conception as there\u27s no connection between implant and abutment. The absence of a microgap can lead to minimum peri- implant bone loss. Likewise, there\u27s a reduction of mechanical complications similar as screw loosening and abutment fractures. These implants can be incontinently placed and can be put through instant function because of their high cortical stabilization. This immediate function protocol has advantages over two - stage surgical placement. Other benefits are smaller surgical movables, reduced treatment time, and minimum trauma. It\u27s suggested that one - piece implant can be a volition to conventional implants for edentulous area where there\u27s a resorbed bone in range and height. Proper treatment planning avoided co-morbidity associated with additional procedures and respectable esthetic result. Simplifying and increasing the effectiveness of treatment and providing greater comfort for the patient with one piece implant compared to conventional two piece implants. 
Preparation and Evaluation of Antacid Suspension using Eggshells
Get PDFIntroduction: Antacids are commonly prescribed for treating gastroesophageal reflux diseases (GERD). This study aims to prepare an antacid from(eggshell) and compare its physical parameters with marketed formulation Calcium carbonate, essential for tooth and bone formation, it is used in antacid preparation. A study creates a new methodology of preparing an antacid suspension using eggshells, replacing synthetic calcium carbonate through natural biological extraction process. Previous literature indicated that no systematic scientific evaluation had been conducted on eggshell-derived antacid suspensions. Results indicated that parameters are within prescribed limits and comparable with marketed formulations.
Objectives: The objective of the study was to formulate the antacid from the natural source (eggshells) and to evaluate its physical parameters with the marketed formulation
Methods: The present study involves an attempt to extract the calcium carbonate from the eggshells through the biological extraction process. This process ensures the eggshells are safe and effective. The naturally extracted calcium carbonate that was used as an API for the preparation of the antacid suspension & it involves numerous stages like washing and the drying process for the extraction of the calcium carbonate. The eggshells are crushed and mixed with sorbitol, water, hydroxyethyl cellulose, xanthan gum, calcium carbonate, magnesium hydroxide, flavour, and sodium saccharides. The antacid suspension is then stored in a well-closed, air-tight container.
Results: The formulated suspension was compared to evaluate its physical parameters with the marketed formulation. The quantitative tests that are done to determine the presence of the calcium carbonate in the eggshells and the physical parameters that are evaluated to determine the effectiveness are within the limits for the prepared formulation are compared with that of the marketed formulation, so the prepared suspension can be proved as effectiveness as marketed one
Conclusions: The formulated suspension was found to be within the specified limit when it is compared with the marketed formulation. The formulated antacid suspension shows a better property like the marketed formulatio
Establishing Local Diagnostic Reference Levels in Adult Uroscan CT Examinations using Size-Specific dose Estimates (SSDE) and Ctdivol in Morocco
Get PDFCTDIvol is a commonly used dose metric in CT scans, calculated based on a 16 cm or 32 cm diameter phantom. However, CTDIvol does not provide an accurate representation of the patient’s actual dose. The Size-Specific Dose Estimate (SSDE) is a dose parameter that takes into account the patient’s body size, specifically the Effective Diameter (ED). This study aims to report the SSDE and CTDIvol values for adult uroscan examinations in Morocco in order to establish local diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) for CT exams and to determine the correlation between these two metrics.
The study was conducted at the University Hospital of Casablanca with a sample of 52 adult patients undergoing uroscan examinations. SSDE values were calculated using the method described in AAPM Report No. 204. The results showed that, in general, SSDE values were higher than CTDIvol values for the same patients. Furthermore, the highest SSDE and CTDIvol values were observed: 26.18 mGy and 20.95 mGy, respectively, for the GE Revolution EVO 64-slice scanner, and 15.10 mGy and 10.79 mGy for the GE Optima CT 540 16-slice scanner. These results highlight the influence of patient size on dose calculations, with SSDE showing potential as a key parameter in establishing DRLs, as indicated by the high correlation coefficient (R² = 0.8992)