Journal of Chemical Health Risks (Islamic Azad University, Iran)
Not a member yet
5714 research outputs found
Sort by
A Review on Zootoxins in Vogue as a Drug Candidature
Full text linkZoo-toxins are isolated from animals. These venomous creatures have specialized glands that generate venom. The toxins produced by these animals are for both defence and predation. They transmit it to their victims via specially designed venom devices. Encounters with these deadly creatures can endanger human life. However, venomous animals are pragmatic and irreplaceable assets for the enhancement of treatments. Animal venoms are essentially composed of enzymatic and nonenzymatic proteins and peptides, many of which can target different receptors, ion channels, along with membrane transporters. In comparison to conventional small molecule medicines, natural proteins and peptides found in venom have higher selectivity and efficacy to their targets. The review describes components and applications of animal toxins as potential drug candidates in curing human diseases such as neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, cardiovascular diseases (CVD), neuropathic pain, as well as autoimmune diseases
Evaluation of the Role of Pediatric Dentist in Thriving a Positive Perception and Consciousness of Parents towards Dental Trauma in Children: A Cross Sectional Study
Full text linkBackground: Traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) are common among children, particularly in the age groups of 2–3 years and 7–12 years. Delayed or inappropriate management can lead to poor prognosis. Paediatric dentists are ideally positioned to provide anticipatory guidance and parental education, which is crucial for prevention and timely management.
Aim: To evaluate the attitudes and practices of paediatric dentists in India towards parental guidance on dental trauma.
Materials and Methodology: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among paediatric dentists and practitioners with at least one year of paediatric dental experience. A validated questionnaire was distributed via Google Forms to approximately 450 professionals across different Indian states. A total of 400 responses were analysed. Data were assessed using the Chi-square test to determine associations between demographic variables (age, gender, qualification, experience, and professional role) and responses regarding parental education on TDIs.
Results: Of the respondents, 66.5% were females and 33.5% males, with the majority aged 31–50 years. Most participants practiced in Madhya Pradesh (44.8%), Kerala (44.3%), and Tamil Nadu (11%). While 78% of paediatric dentists considered parental education “extremely important,” only 22% provided it regularly. Social media was regarded by 44.5% as the most effective communication tool. Time constraints were identified as a major barrier (77.5%). Additionally, 33.3% had not received specific training on parental education in dental trauma, and 66% did not reinforce it during recall visits. Chi-square analysis showed significant associations between demographic factors and responses (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: The study revealed that the overall attitude and practice of pediatric dentists towards parental education on TDIs were suboptimal. Despite acknowledging its importance, many dentists provided guidance inconsistently, with lack of time and training being key barriers. Strengthening educational strategies and incorporating technology-based tools could enhance parental awareness and improve trauma management outcomes in children
Formulation and Assessment of Candesartan Immediate Release Tablet by Direct Compression Method
Full text linkThe present work is aimed at developing and evaluating an immediate-release (IR) tablet of Candesartan Cilexetil using direct compression, with the objective of enhancing its dissolution rate and oral bioavailability, as the drug is poorly soluble in water. Candesartan belongs to the Biopharmaceutical Classification System (BCS) class II, showing high permeability but limited solubility, making dissolution the rate-controlling step for absorption. This limitation is particularly important in hypertension therapy, where a rapid onset of action is crucial.
The formulation approach employed a combination of natural superdisintegrant (Isapghula husk) and synthetic superdisintegrant (Sodium Starch Glycolate) in varying ratios, along with conventional excipients such as Avicel PH 102, lactose monohydrate, talc, and magnesium stearate. Preformulation studies, including melting point determination, UV spectroscopic analysis, FTIR compatibility testing, and solubility assessment, confirmed the purity and stability of the drug–excipient mixture.
Evaluation of post-compression parameters involved determination of hardness, friability, disintegration time, drug content uniformity, and in vitro release behaviour. Among all prepared batches, formulation F5 was found to be superior, as it showed the shortest disintegration time and maximum drug release. The release profile was best explained by first-order and Higuchi models, suggesting that the drug release followed a diffusion-controlled mechanism.
Overall, this investigation demonstrates that direct compression is a simple, reliable, and scalable technique for producing immediate-release Candesartan tablets, with the potential to improve patient compliance and therapeutic efficacy in the treatment of hypertension
Grip and Pinch Strength in Relation to Anthropometric Indices: Insights from a Cross-Sectional Investigation
Full text linkBackground: Handgrip strength (HGS) serves as a simple yet powerful biomarker of overall muscle strength, nutritional status, and functional capacity. Its association with hand anthropometry has important implications for ergonomics, rehabilitation, and clinical assessments.
Objective: To evaluate the correlation between handgrip strength and selected anthropometric indices among healthy male and female healthcare professionals.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 335 participants (167 females and 168 males). Standardized measurements of hand dimensions- hand breadth across the thumb, maximum depth of the hand, elbow–wrist length, wrist breadth, hand length, hand breadth, hand span, and wrist circumference - were recorded. Handgrip strength was measured using a digital dynamometer. Pearson’s correlation analysis was performed.
Results: In females, only hand span demonstrated a significant positive correlation with handgrip strength (r = 0.290, p < 0.001). In males, strong positive correlations were observed between HGS and elbow–wrist length (r = 0.740, p < 0.001), wrist circumference (r = 0.717, p < 0.001), hand breadth (r = 0.713, p < 0.001), hand length (r = 0.644, p < 0.001), and hand breadth across the thumb (r = 0.588, p < 0.001). Hand span also correlated positively with grip strength in males (r = 0.347, p < 0.001).
Conclusion: Male participants showed robust associations between grip strength and multiple anthropometric indices, whereas in females, hand span was the only significant predictor. These findings highlight sex-based differences in the determinants of handgrip strength, underscoring the importance of individualized ergonomic and clinical applications
Comparative Wear Evaluation of Glazed and Non-Glazed Acrylic Denture Teeth Over 12 Months
Full text linkIntroduction: Tooth wear in complete dentures is an inevitable consequence of masticatory and parafunctional activity. Loss of vertical dimension, decreased chewing efficiency, and compromised aesthetics result over time, affecting patient satisfaction and prosthesis lifespan [1,2].
Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate and compare the wear resistance of artificial acrylic denture teeth with and without an enamel (glaze) layer over 6 and 12 months in vivo.
Methods: Fifty-two edentulous patients were rehabilitated with complete dentures fabricated with Ruthinium Acry Lux three-layered acrylic teeth. Each participant received a glazed and a non-glazed (sandblasted) prosthesis. Impressions were taken at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months. A 3D optical profilometer (MicroXAM-100) was used to measure vertical wear. Statistical analyses included paired t-tests and independent t-tests.
Results: Non-glazed teeth exhibited significantly higher wear compared with glazed teeth (p = 0.001). Mean wear for non-glazed teeth was 131.13 ± 20.68 µm at 6 months and 219.58 ± 20.09 µm at 12 months, while glazed teeth showed 96.87 ± 20.69 µm and 176.60 ± 17.06 µm at the same intervals.
Conclusions: Preservation of the glaze layer improves wear resistance of denture teeth, promoting better long-term prosthetic performance
Formulation And Evaluation of Herbal Antidandruff Shampoo by Using Azadiricatha Indicia, Aloe Barbadensis Miller and Tea Tree Oil
Full text linkAn herbal anti-dandruff shampoo formulated with tea tree oil, aloe vera, and neem—three ingredients selected for their antifungal, antibacterial, and conditioning properties—is the subject of this study. The shampoo\u27s regulated pH and user-friendly qualities were ensured by combining botanical extracts with surfactants, stabilisers, and preservatives during formulation. We compared it to popular commercial shampoos like Dove, Sun Silk, and Head & Shoulders based on its physicochemical features, which included viscosity, foam volume, surface tension, detergency, and filth dispersion, among others. The created shampoos outperformed commercial options in terms of foam and debris dispersion, surface tension reduction, and overall cleaning performance. When tested against Candida albicans, the F4 formulation—which has higher concentrations of neem and tea tree oil—showed significant inhibitory zones, comparable to those of other anti-dandruff shampoos. Experiments measuring stability over 90 days confirmed that the formulations maintained their physical properties and pH within acceptable ranges. A combination of medicinal benefits and minimal side effects, herbal shampoo compositions provide a secure and efficient substitute for synthetic shampoos
Enhancing Crop Health Through Image Analysis of Leaf Diseases Prediction and Remedial Suggestion
Full text linkIntroduction The spread of crop diseases has posed serious problems for the agricultural industry recently, as it can lead to significant yield losses and monetary difficulties for farmers. Early and accurate diagnosis is essential for the management and control of these diseases. This work introduces a deep learning method using convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for the detection and classification of various crop leaf illness. With the use of an extensive dataset that includes a range of leaf images impacted by distinct diseases, our CNN model is skilled in correctly identifying and categorizing illnesses. The suggested method offers a reliable, automated, and scalable crop disease monitoring solution, showcasing. The possibilities of deep learning methods in agricultural applications. According to experimental results, our model performs better than conventional image processing techniques, achieving high recall rates and precision for a variety of disease classes. This study highlights how incorporating artificial intelligence into agriculture can have a revolutionary effect and open the door to more intelligent and effective disease management techniques.
Future research could focus on expanding the dataset to include more crop types and rare diseases to improve model generalization. Additionally, the development of real-time, mobile-based applications that incorporate this technology could also be explored, enabling farmers to detect diseases on-site and take timely remedial suggestion to mitigate potential crop losses
An inventory model with screening of items through machinery system for supply chain under fuzzy logic system
Full text linkThese days it is very difficult to produce 100% good quality items. Hence, delivered lot may have some defective items in the lot. Thus, inspection of lot becomes necessary. The machinery system reduces labour cost and it is more beneficial in the inventory management. Day by day labour cost increases due to effect of human need increase and retailer faces some economic issues. During manufacturing and production, some produced products are not in good shape teemed as defective items. The buyer inspects the whole received lot from the seller through inspection machine and includes screening cost. The screening cost is the sum of various expenditures of machinery system. In this paper, we deal with an inventory model with pullulated free demand rate under eco-friendly environment. Now days a lot of carbon units emit from the different sources like factories, firms and some other production factories in the form of poisonous gases and these gases effect the neat and clean environment. Due to the carbon emissions carbon dioxide, sulphor dioxide and methane are more responsible for these issues and some cities like Delhi, Noida and Ghaziabad more effected currently on account of such reason. There are more problems create related to the environment like air pollution, water pollution and the quality of the eco-friendly foods deteriorate as soon as.
The Government tries to control such of issues by including of some cost like pollution cost, carbon emision cost ect. Finally, we minimized the inventory cost with respect to the order quantity for the eco-friendly foods and has been shown the numerical example for the justification of the proposed model. The sensitivity observation has been presented for the ordering policies as well as decision makers and future scope of this scenario also presented.
ntroduction: In this paper Hill’s model (1997) has been considered as a base model and we have added fuel cost and the emission tax to understand the impact of environmental issues on the inventory model. Total cost has been minimized with the help of derivative method and optimal order quantity is obtained by minimizing the total cost. Numerical example is provided with sensitivity analysis to know the robustness of the model.
Objectives: Total cost has been minimized with the help of derivative method and optimal order quantity is obtained by minimizing the total cost. Numerical example is provided with sensitivity analysis to know the robustness of the model.
Methods: We adopt the property of maxima and minima property for the calculation of integrated fuzzy cost, if we calculated the value of lot size, by using of Mathematica 9.0, and suppose it is (consider) and now we calculates and if we get then is called optimal value of and denoted by. The convexity of joint total fuzzy cost for supply has been shown in the figure with help of Mathematica 9.0 software.
Results: From Table-3, we can conclude that the percentage of defective items increase then optimal shipment lot size increase while joint total cost decreases. From Table-4, it can easily be analysed that as production rate increase, the order quantity almost constant and joint total cost increases. From Table-5, it can easily be analysed that as the number of truck increases with keeping other model parameter constant then order quantity and Joint total cost increases.
Conclusions The machine learning algorithm is good tools for the reduction of labour cost as well the total cost is decreasing which includes. inspection cost, holding cost, setup cost, item cost, transportation cost, emission tax cost
Assessment of Tissue Inflammation, Bone Formation and Necrosis of Embelia Ribes Hydrogel Medicament Compared with Dexamethasone: An Animal Study
Full text linkIntroduction: Embelia ribes Burm. f., commonly known as false black pepper, has demonstrated diverse pharmacological activities. Recent advances in nanomedicine have enabled the incorporation of plant-based silver nanoparticles into hydrogel systems for potential intracanal applications.
Objective: This study evaluated and compared tissue inflammation, bone formation, and necrosis following implantation of an E. ribes-based hydrogel and dexamethasone in Wistar rats.
Methods: An E. ribes hydrogel was formulated using seed-mediated silver nanoparticles (3%), hyaluronic acid (3%), and hydroxyethyl cellulose (3%) in a 1:1:1 ratio. Eighteen Wistar rats were divided into three groups (n = 6 each): Group 1 – Calcium hydroxide, Group 2 – E. ribes hydrogel, and Group 3 – Dexamethasone. Cavities were prepared in the mandibular bone and filled with the respective medicaments. At 7, 14, and 28 days, tissues were harvested for histopathological evaluation of inflammation, bone formation, and necrosis. Statistical analysis was performed using Mann–Whitney U, Cochran’s Q test, and kappa statistics for interobserver reliability.
Results: Histological sections revealed early granulation tissue and mild inflammation in the E. ribes hydrogel group, with progressive and organized bone formation by Day 28. In contrast, dexamethasone showed delayed bone remodelling with residual necrosis. Calcium hydroxide demonstrated healing but at a slower rate compared with E. ribes. Although no statistically significant differences were observed (p > 0.05), trends indicated reduced inflammation and enhanced bone regeneration with the hydrogel. By Day 28, no necrosis was detected in the E. ribes or calcium hydroxide groups, while mild necrosis persisted with dexamethasone.
Conclusions: The E. ribes-AgNP hydrogel demonstrated favourable biocompatibility, reduced inflammation, and enhanced bone regeneration compared to dexamethasone, supporting its potential as a safe intracanal medicament
To Study the Effect of On-Admission Serum Triglyceride Levels on the Severity and Outcome of Patients with Acute Pancreatitis
Full text linkImportance: Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a potentially severe inflammatory condition of the pancreas with variable clinical presentations and significant morbidity and mortality. Early identification of severity predictors is crucial for optimizing patient management and outcomes.
Objective: To evaluate the clinical features of acute pancreatitis and assess the impact of on-admission serum triglyceride levels on disease severity and outcomes.
Design: It is a prospective hospital-based observational study conducted from November 2021 to October 2022 in the Department of General Surgery, Government Medical College Hospital, Jammu, India.
Setting: It included a total of 115 patients admitted with acute pancreatitis within 72 hours of symptom onset, meeting diagnostic criteria and consenting to participate. Patients with prior acute pancreatitis or significant comorbidities were excluded. Clinical, biochemical, and imaging assessment alongside serum triglyceride measurement was done at admission and patients were stratified into two groups based on triglyceride levels (<200 mg/dL vs. ≥200 mg/dL). The main outcomes were severity of acute pancreatitis assessed by Ranson and APACHE II scores, presence of complications including systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), pleural effusion, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and hospital course parameters.
Results: Of the 115 patients, 82 had triglycerides <200 mg/dL (Group I) and 33 had triglycerides ≥200 mg/dL (Group II). Group II patients were younger and predominately male. Severity scores were significantly higher in Group II (mean APACHE II 5.33 vs 4.21, p=0.005; Ranson score 1.75 vs 1.24, p=0.017). Complications including pleural effusion (36.36% vs 17.07%, p=0.02), ARDS (12.12% vs 1.21%, p=0.02), and SIRS (33.33% vs 9.7%, p=0.002) were significantly more frequent in Group II. No significant difference in hospital stay length or local complications was observed.
Conclusion: Elevated serum triglyceride levels (≥200 mg/dL) at admission are associated with increased severity and systemic complications in acute pancreatitis. Early measurement of triglycerides can serve as a valuable prognostic marker to identify high-risk patients warranting intensified monitoring and management