Journal of Chemical Health Risks (Islamic Azad University, Iran)
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An in Vitro Comparative Evaluation of Different Carrier Mediums for Bone Grafts Used in Dental Applications
No full textBackground: The selection of an appropriate carrier medium is pivotal in bone graft procedures, particularly in dental applications, where ease of handling, injectability, and biocompatibility are key to clinical success. Despite the availability of various carriers, their in vitro comparative assessment remains underexplored.
Objective: This study aimed to compare four commonly used carrier mediums—collagen gel, alginate hydrogel, poloxamer 407, and chitosan gel—in terms of injectability, degradation behavior, swelling capacity, and biocompatibility when used with an alloplastic bone graft.
Materials and Methods: Alloplastic β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) was combined with four carrier systems. Injectability was assessed using extrusion force analysis. In vitro degradation was evaluated over 14 days in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). The swelling index was measured gravimetrically. Biocompatibility was assessed using MTT assay on MG-63 osteoblast-like cells. Surface morphology and cell attachment were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
Results: Collagen and alginate hydrogels exhibited superior injectability and higher initial cell viability. Chitosan gel showed the slowest degradation rate (p < 0.05), while poloxamer 407 had the best handling properties but comparatively lower osteoblast proliferation. SEM confirmed enhanced cellular attachment with collagen and alginate matrices.
Conclusion: Among the carriers tested, collagen and alginate demonstrated favorable in vitro profiles for bone graft delivery in dental applications. Further studies, including in vivo validation, are warranted
Intranasal Midazolam Spray: An Effective Method of Sedation in Pediatric Patient - A Review
No full textMost of the preschool children suffer from anxiety and apprehension towards dental treatments and they are managed with behavioral management techniques. When such techniques fail, sedation becomes essential. Midazolam is one of the commonly used preanesthetic sedations in adults and now it is commonly employed in pediatric patients. It may be delivered by several routes. Every one of the routes of administration has its own advantages and disadvantages. This article reviews about the intranasal route of administration of midazolam
An in Vivo Assessment of Effects of Various Flap Designs on Overall Implant Performances Estimated at Different Timings: An (Clinical) Original Research Study
No full textAim: This study aims to assess the effects of various periodontal flap designs on overall Flap related implant performance estimated at different timings.
Materials and Methods: The study involved 80 patients with a missing mandibular right first molar who preferred dental implants. Out of these, 60 patients aged 35 to 60 met the inclusion criteria and underwent a Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) scan for surgical planning. Exclusion criteria included mental health issues, smoking, pregnancy, and certain systemic diseases. The dental implant was placed after a precise incision, and the mucoperiosteal flap was sutured. Healing abutments were added two months later, with final prostheses fitted three months post-surgery. The patients were divided into three groups based on surgical techniques: Group 1 used the envelope periodontal flap for minimal disruption, Group 2 the triangular flap for better access, and Group 3 the trapezoidal flap for broader access while preserving tissue. Evaluations at 6 and 12 months used CBCT to assess implant performance, with statistical analyses conducted to compare outcomes based on the flap designs.
Statistical Analysis and Results: This study involved 60 patients aged 35 to 60, with 29 males and 31 females. Participants were divided into three groups based on surgical techniques for implant placement: Group 1: 20 patients underwent the envelope flap technique. At six months, healing improved for 6 patients, confirmed by the Pearson Chi-Square test. Twelve-month results showed enhanced bone remodelling. Group 2:20 patients used the triangular periodontal flap technique. Six months later, 7 patients experienced improved aesthetics, and at twelve months, healing was better for 6 patients, with 8 reporting aesthetic improvements. Group 3: The last group of 20 patients received implants via the trapezoidal periodontal flap technique. Six months in, 5 patients showed healing and aesthetic improvements, while twelve months later, 7 patients benefited from enhanced accessibility and visibility. A summary in Table 8 using one-way ANOVA indicates significant outcome variations based on the flap techniques employed.
Conclusion: This study concluded that all periodontal flap designs improved implant success, with the triangular flap notably enhancing aesthetics and minimising gingival recession in certain cases. The choice between triangular and trapezoidal periodontal flaps should depend on specific circumstances, as each has unique pros and cons related to surgical access, implant stability, and healing. The findings highlight the need for further research to refine these techniques and enhance patient outcomes
Correlation of Urinary 8-Hydroxy-Deoxyguanosine with Clinical Markers of Nephropathy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
No full textIntroduction: Kidney problems is most common in patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. For detection of kidney problems need a sensitive and specific marker.
Objectives: Present study aimed to Correlate urinary 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine with clinical markers of nephropathy in patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
Methods: This cross-sectional analytical study included 180 Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients and 60 controls. For all the study subjects we analysed fasting blood sugar, HbA1c, lipid profile, urinary albumin creatinine ratio, eGFR, serum magnesium, and urinary 8OHdG.
Results: There was significantly decreased serum magnesium levels in all the groups of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients when compared to controls. There was significantly increased urinary 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine levels in all the groups of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients when compared to controls. Additionally, the serum magnesium negatively corelated with urinary albumin creatinine ratio and 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine and positively corelated with eGFR. Similarly, 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine positively corelated with urinary albumin creatinine ratio and serum magnesium and negatively corelated with eGFR.
Conclusions: Based on study results determination of magnesium beneficial for type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and urinary 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine might be used as early predictive and prognostic marker for nephropathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. 
Genetic Influence of ACTN3 Gene Polymorphism rs1815739 on Skeletal Class II Malocclusions with Mandibular Retrognathism
No full textntroduction: Skeletal Class II malocclusion with mandibular retrognathism is a prevalent dentofacial anomaly influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. The ACTN3 gene, which plays a critical role in skeletal muscle structure and function, has been proposed to affect craniofacial growth.
Objectives: This study evaluated the association between the ACTN3 gene polymorphism rs1815739 (C>T) and skeletal Class II malocclusion with mandibular retrognathism in an Indian population.
Methods: A case-control study was conducted involving 90 subjects aged 20 ± 1.5 years, comprising 45 individuals with skeletal Class II malocclusion (cases) and 45 with normal mandibular development (controls). Mandibular retrognathism was assessed using the SNB angle on lateral cephalograms. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood samples, and genotyping for rs1815739 was performed using Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RFLP-PCR). Statistical analyses included Chi-square test, odds ratio calculation, and Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium assessment.
Results: Genotype distribution in the control group was CC (22%), CT (46.7%), and TT (31.1%), whereas the case group showed CC (11.1%), CT (64.5%), and TT (24.4%). Allele frequencies for the C and T alleles were 0.45 and 0.55 in controls and 0.43 and 0.57 in cases, respectively. No statistically significant association was found between the rs1815739 polymorphism and skeletal Class II malocclusion (p > 0.05).
Conclusion: The findings indicated that no statistically significant association between the ACTN3 gene SNP rs1815739 and the skeletal Class II malocclusion with mandibular retrognathism, suggesting that rs1815739 is unlikely to be a major contributing factor in its etiology in the Indian population
Evaluation of Accuracy of Incisor Inclination on the Digital Models, Lateral Cephalograms and Traditional Plaster Model- A Comparative Study
No full textAim: To evaluate the accuracy of incisor inclinations on digital models and compare it with the traditional plaster model technique and the lateral cephalogram measurements.
Methodology: A cross-sectional radiography comparison investigation with 50 dental casts of patients with normal and angle\u27s Class I occlusion, as well as lateral cephalograms of the same patients, was carried out. All three procedures were used to quantify the maxillary and mandibular incisor inclinations: plaster model (with protractor), lateral cephalogram, and digital model (using Mestro3D Software 5.3 version). The intraclass correlation coefficients between the incisor inclination approaches were examined using the statistical programme IBM SPSS.
Results: The mean maxillary and mandibular inclination with plaster model was 126.06 ± 7.44 mm and 55.14 ± 7.55 mm, with lateral cephalogram was 128.32 ± 7.03 mm and 61.04 ± 6.15 mm, with digital model was 125.30 ±7.58 mm and 60.20 ± 6.75 mm, respectively. A significant correlation for incisor measurement was revealed between plaster and digital mode (p<0.0001 for maxillary and p=0.048 for mandibular), digital model and lateral cephalogram (p<0.0001 for mandibular), plaster model and lateral cephalogram (p=0.036 for mandibular).
Conclusion: The study found that maxillary incisor inclinations were highly associated with clay and digital models, but measurements from digital models and lateral cephalograms varied. Mandibular incisor inclination measurements from plaster models and digital models yielded equivalent findings, suggesting digital models should be used
Heavy Metal Enrichment and Soil Quality in Urban Waste Disposal Areas: Case Study of Padegaon, Chh. Sambhajinagar (MS).
No full textIntroduction: Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar (Aurangabad) faces increasing environmental stress due to rapid urbanization and unscientific municipal solid waste (MSW) disposal. The Padegaon dumping site, surrounded by residential settlements, has become a hotspot of pollution. Continuous waste accumulation and improper handling have raised concerns about soil and groundwater quality. This study investigates soil contamination during the 2023 monsoon season with a focus on nutrient imbalance and heavy metal enrichment.
Objectives: The study aims to assess the soil quality in and around the Padegaon dumping site by analyzing both essential nutrients and toxic heavy metals. It seeks to determine contamination levels, compare them with BIS standards, and evaluate their potential risks to agriculture, environment, and public health.
Methods: Five soil samples were collected from different locations near the Padegaon dumping yard using auger sampling at a depth of six inches. Samples were analyzed in a NABL-accredited laboratory for Potassium (K₂O), Copper (Cu), Iron (Fe), Zinc (Zn), Manganese (Mn), Cadmium (Cd), Chromium (Cr), and Lead (Pb). Analytical techniques included ICP-OES with standard FAO and EPA protocols. The results were statistically compared against BIS permissible limits.
Results: The analysis showed elevated potassium levels, far exceeding the BIS safe limit, indicating nutrient imbalance likely from waste deposition or fertilizer runoff. Heavy metals such as cadmium, chromium, and lead also crossed permissible thresholds, highlighting severe anthropogenic contamination. While copper, iron, zinc, and manganese were within safe ranges, their high variability across sites reflected localized pollution hotspots. The contamination pattern revealed heterogeneity linked to unregulated dumping practices.
Conclusions: The study provides strong evidence of heavy metal enrichment and nutrient imbalance in soils around the Padegaon dumping site. Cadmium, chromium, and lead levels represent serious ecological and health hazards due to their toxicity and persistence. Elevated potassium further indicates soil quality degradation. These findings underline the urgent need for scientific waste management, remediation measures, and continuous environmental monitoring to safeguard soil fertility, groundwater quality, and community health
Mucopolysaccharidosis and Its Orthopedic Manifestations – A Review
No full textMucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) represents a group of rare, inherited lysosomal storage disorders characterized by defective enzymatic degradation of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). These sulphated carbohydrate polymers are integral to cellular architecture and signaling. In MPS, deficient or malfunctioning lysosomal enzymes lead to the accumulation of undegraded GAGs—such as heparan sulphate, dermatan sulphate, and keratan sulphate—within tissues, disrupting cellular homeostasis and triggering multisystemic manifestations. Clinically, patients exhibit a spectrum of features including coarse facies, cognitive impairment, hepatosplenomegaly, hernias, joint stiffness, and corneal clouding. The disease is classified into seven major subtypes (MPS I–IV, VI, VII, IX), each defined by a unique enzymatic defect and associated GAG profile, with variable severity and inheritance patterns. Among the most debilitating aspects of MPS are skeletal complications and these include thickened calvarium, malformed vertebrae, shortened long bones, and joint contractures, often resulting in restricted mobility, chronic pain, and orthopedic deformities. Musculoskeletal complications vary among the different subtype of MPS. This review synthesizes current knowledge on skeletal manifestations in MPS, drawing from literature published since 2000
Assessment of Macrophyte Diversity and Seasonal Variations in Two Freshwater Lakes of Jaipur District, Rajasthan
No full textIntroduction: Macrophytes play a crucial role in maintaining freshwater ecosystem health and are effective indicators of water quality. Mansagar Lake (urban) and Chandlai Lake (peri-urban), located in Jaipur District, Rajasthan, offer contrasting environmental and trophic conditions suitable for ecological comparison.
Objectives: The study aimed to evaluate the diversity and ecological role of macrophyte communities in the two lakes and assess their potential as bioindicators for water quality monitoring.
Methods: A year-long field investigation was conducted across the summer, monsoon, and winter seasons. Macrophytes from littoral and sub-littoral zones were sampled and categorized into four ecological groups: free-floating, submerged, marginal, and emergent.
Results: A year-long field investigation was conducted across summer, monsoon, and winter seasons. Macrophytes from littoral and sub-littoral zones were sampled and categorized into four ecological groups: free-floating, submerged, marginal, and emergent.
Conclusions: The study confirms the utility of macrophytes as reliable bioindicators for freshwater quality. Their diversity patterns offer a nature-based, cost-effective approach for monitoring aquatic health in semi-arid environments
Ethno-Ecotourism Sumbawa Oil Festival: Chemical Content and Impact of Sustainable Environmental Tourism
No full textIntroduction: Cultural and natural tourism utilizes natural resources extensively and requires conservation in maintaining local plant ecosystems.
Objectives: The study aims to explore the intersection of cultural heritage, scientific knowledge, and environmental sustainability through the lens of ethno-ecotourism.
Methods: Sumbawa oil, traditionally used by local communities for its medicinal properties, was extracted using the maceration method to preserve its natural compounds. The chemical profile of the oil was analyzed using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), revealing key bioactive components such as terpenoids and phenolic compounds that support its traditional uses. Antioxidant activity was tested using the DPPH method with a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. To evaluate the broader implications of the Sumbawa Oil Festival as an ethno-ecotourism event, a community-based perception survey was conducted using Likert-scale instruments, followed by descriptive and inferential statistical analysis.
Results: The findings indicate that Sumbawa oil and base ingredients have antioxidant activity. The festival positively contributes to cultural identity reinforcement, economic empowerment of local communities, and increased environmental awareness. However, it also highlights potential environmental impacts, such as increased waste generation, pressure on natural resources, and changes in land use.
Conclusions: These results suggest the need for integrated planning that balances cultural promotion with ecological preservation. The study underscores the importance of embedding scientific content, such as chemical literacy, into local tourism initiatives to foster educational value and sustainable environmental practices