Journal of Chemical Health Risks (Islamic Azad University, Iran)
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Miniplates vs. Microplates in Midface Fracture Fixation: A Randomized Controlled Study for Improved Maxillofacial Trauma Care
Full text linkBackground:Facial bone fractures are often associated with head and neck injuries and are primarily caused by road traffic accidents, falls, and assaults. Various implant devices, such as miniplates and microplates, are used for fracture fixation to restore anatomical form and function. This study compares treatment outcomes of maxillofacial fractures fixed with microplates versus miniplates.
Methods:A total of 68 patients with midface fractures were randomly assigned to two groups: Group 1 (miniplates) and Group 2 (microplates). All patients underwent open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) under general anesthesia. The study assessed preoperative and postoperative occlusion stability, neurosensory deficits, complications, and plate palpability at different follow-up intervals.
Results:Surgical duration was slightly longer in the miniplate group (92.94 ± 16.97 minutes) compared to the microplate group (86.47 ± 18.24 minutes), though the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.135). Plate palpability was significantly higher in the miniplate group, with 17.6% of patients still reporting it at 12 weeks, whereas none in the microplate group experienced it. Occlusal stability showed no significant difference between groups, with similar rates of intermaxillary fixation (IMF) requirement. Neurosensory deficits were also comparable, with full recovery observed in both groups by 12 weeks.
Conclusion:Both miniplates and microplates are effective for fracture fixation, but microplates offer superior aesthetic outcomes due to reduced palpability and minimal nerve disruption. They are particularly recommended for use in facial areas with thin soft tissue
Fusing Tradition with Innovation: CAD/CAM Adoption Throughout Dental Discipline’s: A descriptive study
Full text linkIntroduction: The present study investigates the awareness and adoption of CAD/CAM (Computer-Aided Design and Manufacturing) technology among dental professionals and students in Uttrakhand, Delhi, and Uttar Pradesh. As dentistry transitions from traditional manual methods to digital workflows, CAD/CAM is increasingly influencing all specialties, including prosthodontics, orthodontics, restorative dentistry, oral surgery, implantology, and periodontology.
Objectives: To assess current awareness levels, identify challenges in adoption, evaluate training exposure, and understand perceptions of CAD/CAM’s benefits across dental disciplines.
Methods: A structured and validated online questionnaire was distributed to 500 participants, including undergraduate and postgraduate students, and dental practitioners. Responses were analysed to evaluate knowledge, application, and attitudes toward CAD/CAM.
Results: While awareness of CAD/CAM technology was generally high, its actual usage remained limited. The most cited barriers were lack of hands-on training, insufficient academic exposure, and infrastructural or financial constraints. However, both students and professionals expressed a strong desire to learn and incorporate CAD/CAM into clinical practice. Existing users reported high satisfaction, especially in terms of improved accuracy, reduced chairside time, and enhanced efficiency.
Conclusions: The study highlights the urgent need to integrate CAD/CAM into dental curricula and continuing education programs. Overcoming educational and infrastructural barriers can promote broader adoption and prepare future dentists for a more digital, precise, and interdisciplinary approach to care. Embracing CAD/CAM is essential for aligning dental practice with global trends toward innovation and personalized treatment
Colour Stability of Denture Base Resin and Soft Liners Following Exposure to Staining Agents and Denture Cleanser.
Full text linkIntroduction: Denture base resin must match the colour and appearance of the oral tissues to achieve aesthetic results. Long-term colour stability in denture base resins starts with the resin maintaining colour and translucency during processing. In dentistry, colour is one of the most important dimensions of aesthetics. Soft denture liners are commonly used to enhance the comfort and fit of dentures. Colour stability of denture materials is affected by the type of material, staining agent, and cleansing regimen used.
Aim: Study to evaluate the colour stability of hard-cure resin and soft liners when exposed to staining agents such as coffee and aerated drinks (Coca-Cola), with distilled water as a control. Additionally, to study the effect of sodium hypochlorite as a cleansing agent on these materials.
Materials and Methods: Thirty disks (10mm diameter, 2mm thick) were prepared from heat-cure (PMMA denture base resin -DPI heat-cure denture base resin) and soft liners (GC soft liner and Mollosil soft liner). After taking baseline colorimetry measurements, the specimens were immersed for 8 hours in staining agents: coffee, Coca-Cola, and distilled water. After 8 hours, the specimens were rinsed with water. Subsequently, the specimens were immersed in 0.5% sodium hypochlorite as a cleanser. The procedure was repeated for 30 days. In between this, on the first day as a baseline line with the help of a colorimeter (spectrophotometer), the colour stability of the specimens after 7 days, 15 days, and 30 days was studied.
Results: Heat-cure base resin showed a highly significant colour change (∆E) at 30 days. Significant interaction was found between resin, liners, and cleansers. For the staining agent coffee, Coca-Cola allowed more dissociation than water.
Conclusions: Colour stability of denture base resin and soft lining against coffee and Coca-Cola was not significantly different. The effect of staining solutions on the colour of test material in each session, however, was perceivable by the human eye (∆E>1). The colour shifts of all test material were clinically acceptable (∆E<3.7). Sodium hypochlorite solution in low concentration (0.5%) acts as an effective cleanser for protecting the prosthesis from microbial colonization and maintaining overall and dental health
Pleomorphic Spindle Cell Rhabdomyosarcoma of Retroperitoneum in Older Adult: A Rare Case Entity
Full text linkBackground:
Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is a rare and aggressive malignant neoplasm derived from primitive mesenchymal cells capable of skeletal muscle differentiation. Although it predominantly occurs in children and young adults, spindle cell RMS, a rare histological variant, has been described in adults with distinct clinical and pathological features. Retroperitoneal RMS is particularly uncommon and often presents at an advanced stage due to the deep-seated location, making early detection and complete surgical excision difficult.
Case Presentation:
We describe the case of a 70-year-old male who presented with progressive abdominal discomfort and fullness. Computed tomography (CT) of the abdomen revealed a large retroperitoneal mass displacing adjacent structures and encasing major vascular channels. The patient underwent exploratory laparotomy, during which incomplete resection was performed because of the tumor’s intimate involvement with vital vessels. Grossly, the tumor displayed areas of necrosis and calcification. Microscopic examination revealed spindle-shaped tumor cells arranged in fascicles with evidence of myxoid degeneration, calcification, and extensive necrosis. Immunohistochemistry confirmed the diagnosis of spindle cell RMS, with tumor cells showing positivity for muscle-specific actin, desmin, and vimentin. At the time of surgery, there was no evidence of distant or nodal metastasis.
Conclusion:
This case underscores the diagnostic and therapeutic challenges of retroperitoneal spindle cell RMS in elderly patients. The rarity of this presentation, coupled with the tumor’s aggressive nature and tendency to involve major vessels, limits the feasibility of complete resection and complicates management. Early detection through vigilant imaging and timely intervention, along with a multidisciplinary treatment strategy incorporating surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, remains essential for improving prognosis in such rare cases
Sustainable Adsorption of Pb(II) and Cd(II) from Aqueous Solutions Using Used Battery Cell Carbon: Isotherm Fitting, Kinetic Evaluation, and Regeneration Performance
Full text linkThe current study investigates the potential of carbon derived from used battery cells (UBCC) as a low-cost adsorbent for the removal of Pb(II) and Cd(II) ions from aqueous solutions. Equilibrium data were analyzed using Langmuir, and Freundlich isotherms, while kinetic models including pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, and intraparticle diffusion models were applied to evaluate the adsorption mechanism. Results indicated that adsorption followed the Langmuir isotherm model with maximum monolayer capacities of 87.65 mg/g for Pb(II) and 63.42 mg/g for Cd(II), suggesting monolayer chemisorption. Kinetic data best fitted the pseudo-second-order model, highlighting the chemisorption dominance. These findings demonstrate the feasibility of UBCC as a sustainable material for heavy metal remediation
Histopathological Study of Skin Lesions in a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study
Full text linkIntroduction: The skin, the largest organ of the integumentary system, acts as a protective barrier and is prone to various diseases due to constant exposure to external stimuli. Skin disorders affect all age groups and both sexes, with presentations ranging from mild rashes to malignant tumors (Dayal S et al ²). The pattern of skin diseases varies with environmental, genetic, occupational, and nutritional factors (Sheela L et al 3). Some systemic illnesses also manifest initially through the skin (Grover S et al 4).
Material and methods: A histopathological study was conducted in the Department of Pathology, UPUMS, Saifai, from July 2021 to March 2022. Sixty-seven skin biopsy specimens were analyzed. Clinical data were collected, and tissues were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, with special stains used as needed.
Results: Among the 67 cases, females (56.72%) were more commonly affected, with most cases in the 20–40-year age group. Non-neoplastic lesions (80.95%) were more common than neoplastic ones (11.94%), while 7.46% were inconclusive. Psoriasis (22.22%) was the most common non-neoplastic lesion. Nevus sebaceous and basal cell carcinoma (25% each) were the most frequent benign and malignant neoplastic lesions. Extremities (49.25%) were the most affected site, and 46.27% of patients reported a duration of illness between 3–6 months.
Conclusion: We concluded that the basal cell carcinoma was the most common skin cancer, aligning with global patterns
Influence of Surface Treatments on Retention of Cement-Retained Implant Prostheses: An In Vitro Study
Full text linkIntroduction ;To evaluate and compare the effect of different surface treatments on the retention strength of cement-retained crowns supported by stock implant abutments under simulated clinical conditions.
Materials and Methods:
Sixty-nine titanium stock abutments were divided into three groups (n = 23). Group I received no surface treatment (control), Group II underwent circumferential grooving followed by sandblasting, and Group III received dimpled bur modifications. Nickel-chromium copings were fabricated and luted using zinc phosphate cement. Retention was tested using a universal testing machine under tensile load. Statistical analysis included one-way ANOVA and post hoc comparisons.
Results:Group II demonstrated significantly higher tensile strength (166.06 ± 0.23 N) compared to both the control group (66.09 ± 0.08 N) and Group III (66.78 ± 0.22 N) (p < 0.001). Group I and Group III showed comparable retention values, indicating minimal impact from dimpled surface modifications alone.
Conclusion:A combination of circumferential grooves and sandblasting significantly improves the retention of cement-retained prostheses to stock implant abutments. This technique may enhance clinical success, particularly in cases with short abutments or limited interocclusal space
Role of Tranexamic Acid in Reducing Blood Loss in Head and Neck Cancer Surgery - A systematic Review
Full text linkIntroduction: Tranexamic acid (TXA) has been demonstrated in studies to lessen blood loss and the requirement for transfusions in patients with head and neck malignancies. But no single trial has been sufficiently large to conclude with certainty whether the medication is safe and effective. The objective of this study was to methodically examine randomised controlled trials assessing TXA\u27s safety and effectiveness in lowering blood loss and transfusion in patients with head and neck cancer.
Materials and Methods: This systematic review of randomised controlled trials of different doses of TXA or TXA with control group in patients undergoing surgeries for head and neck cancer. A literature search of PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, Lilacs etc were performed. Two authors independently reviewed the articles and screened on the basis of the study design; the inclusion and exclusion criteria; the primary outcomes; the findings; the number of participants; the age and sex of the participants; the participant characteristics; the main study outcomes. Data extraction and risk of bias was performed with ROB II tool.
Results: After thorough screening, four studies were included in the review. Three out of four included studies had normal saline as control group and one group had no intervention as control group. One of the included study had different does of TXA. Comparing all 4 studies, 10 mg/kg of TXA was enough dose to control blood loss compared to normal saline. Also ROB assessment resulted that one included study had low of ROB and other 3 studies had medium ROB
Conclusion: Tranexamic acid is both effective and affordable, it can be used as a strategic tool in the surgeon\u27s toolbox as healthcare systems struggle to balance the demands of managing resource constraints with optimizing patient outcomes
From Learning to Leading: Interprofessional Practice to Enhance Infection Control and Antimicrobial Stewardship among Interns
Full text linkIntroduction: Effective infection control training for healthcare interns is vital in reducing healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). However, barriers such as inadequate interprofessional collaboration often hinder successful implementation. Early exposure to interprofessional education (IPE) can help prevent misconceptions, foster teamwork, and enhance the development of essential skills and attitudes required for patient safety.
Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of Interprofessional Collaborative Practice (ICP) training in strengthening infection control and antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) practices, and to assess interns’ perceptions of IPE and collaborative practice before and after the program.
Objectives: To enhance interns’ knowledge and skills in infection control and AMS through ICP-based training, and to analyze changes in their perceptions, attitudes, and interprofessional collaboration following the intervention.
Methods: A prospective interventional study is being conducted at SLIMS, Puducherry, from October 2023 to October 2025, involving 120 healthcare interns (Medical = 43, Nursing = 36, Paramedical = 41) selected by universal sampling. An interprofessional team was formed, and focus group discussions were held. Existing modules and questionnaires were validated by experts, followed by ethical clearance and participant selection. Twelve groups were created for ICP activities. Educational interventions were delivered over two weeks, with two-hour sessions. Pre- and post-tests were administered, and self-assessment on ICP perceptions was obtained using a 35-item questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25.
Results & Conclusion: ICP training significantly improved interns’ knowledge and skills in infection control and AMS, with knowledge scores increasing from 37% to 79% (p = 0.001). The program effectively strengthened teamwork, supported collaborative practice, and enhanced patient safety
Anesthesia Management of a Child with Crouzon Syndrome and Turricephaly for MRI Brain And CT scan of Skull Bone Window- A Case Report
Full text linkCrouzon syndrome is a rare genetic disorder involving craniofacial skeleton development. It is characterized by a triad of cranial deformities: premature craniosynostosis, facial anomalies (mid-facial hypoplasia), and exophthalmia1. The anesthetic challenges include the presence of a difficult airway, a history of obstructive sleep apnea, congenital cardiac disorders, hypothermia, blood loss and venous air embolism1. We present the successful anaesthetic management of a 3-year-old female child, weighing 10 kgs, posted for magnetic resonance imaging of the Brain and computed tomography Scan of the skull bone window