Journal of Chemical Health Risks (Islamic Azad University, Iran)
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Plantar Fasciitis- A Randomised Control Study between Physiotherapy and Corticosteroid Injection as Treatment
Full text linkABSTRACT: Introduction: Plantar fasciitis is a common condition presenting to the Orthopaedic outpatient department, which is treated with analgesics, physiotherapy or intralesional injections. However, which of these treatment modalities provide quicker pain relief is still uncertain.
Objectives: This study aimed to assess the efficacy of physiotherapy versus intralesional injection in treating plantar fasciitis using Visual Analogue Score (VAS) and Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM) score over a period of 3 months.
Methods: Sixty patients diagnosed with plantar fasciitis, who presented to the Orthopaedic outpatient department, were included in this prospective single-blinded randomised control study. Institutional ethics approval and enrolment of the study in the National Clinical Trial registry were done before initiation of the study. Written and informed consent was obtained from all patients including permission to use clinical pictures for publication purposes. Newly diagnosed plantar fasciitis patients were included in the study. The 60 patients were allotted by computer randomisation into physiotherapy group (Group A) and intralesional injection group (Group B). VAS score and FAAM score were recorded at the start of treatment, at 1-month and 3-month follow-up. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and unpaired t-test were used for intragroup and intergroup analysis of outcomes respectively. P-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: Both groups showed improvement of pain at 3-month follow up, however, intralesional corticosteroid injection provided significant pain relief (P value 0.005) compared to physiotherapy.
Conclusions: Intralesional corticosteroid injection can provide better short-term pain relief compared to physiotherapy
Comparative Evaluation of Accuracy of Three-Dimensional Printed Casts, Digital Casts and Conventional Casts: An In Vitro Study
Full text linkPurpose: The purpose of this invitro study was to evaluate the accuracy of the accuracy of three-dimensional (3D) printed cast, digital cast and conventional stone cast.
Material and methods: In this in vitrostudy, a typodont of maxillary and mandibular arches with full dentate ivory teeth was used as a reference cast. The typodont was digitized using 3D shining intraoral scanner to create digital casts. The digital files were converted into 3D printed physical casts using a prototyping machine that uti¬lizes the stereolithography printing technology and photocurable polymer as printing material. Linear measurements (mesiodistal and occlusocervical) and interarch mea¬surements (intercanine and intermolar) were made for conventional stone casts, digital and prototyped models and were compared with the typodont model. The reference teeth were canines, first molar and first premolars in the maxillary and mandibular arches on the right and left sides. The measurements on printed and conventional casts were done by digital caliper while on digital casts; Geomagic Qualify software was used.
Results:Conventional dental stone casts showed significantly higher error than the otherthree groups in all linear and interarch measurements. No statistical differences (p>0.05) were seen for the digital casts made using intraoral scanner and digital casts made using desktop scanner.
Conclusion: The linear and interarch measurements made on the three-dimensional printed casts were significantly more accurate followed by digital casts and least by conventional dental stone casts
To Analyze the Morphological Characteristics of Ocular Trauma in Medicolegal Cases and Its Effect on Vision, At SMS Medical College and Attached Hospitals, Jaipur During 2023-2024.
Full text linkBackground: Injuries to the eye are a significant public health concern and one of the leading causes of vision loss in one eye across the globe. Such trauma frequently arises in medicolegal situations, including road accidents, violent assaults, and workplace incidents. Analyzing the morphological features of these injuries can provide crucial information about the trauma’s nature and prognosis, supporting both clinical care and legal processes.
Aim: To analyze the morphological patterns of ocular trauma and assess their effect on vision in patients presenting with medicolegal injuries at SMS Medical College and its associated hospitals in Jaipur during the period 2023–2024.
Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out on 100 patients with documented medicolegal ocular trauma at SMS Hospital from March 2023 to April 2024. Patients with direct eye injuries who gave informed consent were included. Data were compiled and evaluated using Microsoft Excel to identify common injury patterns, visual outcomes, and their medicolegal relevance.
Results: Out of 100 cases, 85% were males, with an almost equal distribution between rural and urban backgrounds. The most common causes of trauma were road traffic accidents (45%) and physical altercations, particularly fist injuries (42%). Abrasions (99%) and contusions (96%) were the most prevalent forms of injury. Visual impairment was more commonly observed in the left eye (36%) than the right (27%).
Conclusion: Ocular trauma affected individuals from both rural and urban areas, with a marked predominance in males, often due to occupational and road-related hazards. Blunt trauma was the most common mechanism, with the left eye being more frequently involved. Strengthening preventive measures through the use of safety gear and increasing public awareness about eye protection can help reduce the occurrence and severity of such injuries
Comparison of Oral Diclofenac & Transdermal Diclofenac Patch as a Post-Operative Analgesia in Orthodontic Patients Having Multiple Premolar Extractions: A Clinical Trial
Full text linkBackground: Aims: This study was conducted to evaluate and compare the analgesic efficacy of transdermal Diclofenac patches and oral Diclofenac tablets following orthodontic premolar extractions, and to assess any associated adverse effects.
Methods: A total of fifty young pre-orthodontic patients requiring bilateral extraction of maxillary and mandibular first premolars were enrolled in the study. Extractions were performed in two separate appointments. During the first visit, the right maxillary and mandibular first premolars were extracted, and patients were prescribed 50 mg oral Diclofenac sodium tablets to be taken three times daily for three consecutive days. At the second appointment, the contralateral (left side) premolars were extracted, and a 100 mg transdermal Diclofenac patch was applied once daily for the following three days. Pain intensity and pain relief were assessed on each of the three postoperative days using standardized 5-point Verbal Pain Intensity, Pain Relief Score Charts, Visual analogue scale (VAS) and Verbal response scale (VRS) three times in three consecutive days after 2 hours, 6 hours and 12 hours.
Results: Statistical analysis demonstrated a consistent increase in pain relief scores and a corresponding decrease in pain intensity scores, VAS scores and VRS over the three-day postoperative period for both oral Diclofenac tablets and the transdermal Diclofenac patch. Although both formulations provided effective analgesia, a greater number of patients expressed a preference for the transdermal patch, citing the convenience of once-daily application, better analgesia and a lower frequency of systemic side effects.
Conclusion: These findings suggest that the transdermal Diclofenac patch offers analgesic efficacy better than that of oral Diclofenac tablets. Additionally, the improved patient compliance associated with the patch indicates its potential utility as a routine option for managing postoperative pain following dental extractions
“A Study of Serum Sodium Levels in Decompensated Chronic Liver Disease and Its Correlation with the Severity of the Disease”
Full text linkBackground: Decompensated Chronic Liver Disease (DCLD) is frequently associated with disturbances in water balance, leading to abnormalities in serum sodium levels. Hyponatremia, mainly dilutional, is common due to impaired free water clearance, while hypernatremia, though less frequent, has been linked to increased mortality. Several studies have demonstrated a correlation between serum sodium levels and survival in cirrhotic patients.
Aim: The study aims to assess serum sodium levels in patients with DCLD and establish their clinical significance in predicting disease severity and adverse outcomes.
Materials and Methods: This prospective descriptive cohort study was conducted over 18 months in a tertiary care hospital on 125 patients admitted with DCLD. Patients were evaluated based on clinical history, examination, laboratory investigations, and imaging. Serum sodium levels were recorded, and their association with complications, MELD score, and outcomes was analyzed. Data were statistically assessed using SPSS v23.0.
Results: The study population had a mean age of 50.11±10.22 years and was predominantly male (93.6%). Common clinical manifestations included ascites (100%), portal hypertension (96.8%), hepatic encephalopathy (8.8%), spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (13.6%), and hepatorenal syndrome (12.8%). A significant inverse correlation was observed between serum sodium levels and both MELD (r = -0.439, p < 0.05) and Child-Pugh scores (r = -0.433, p < 0.05), indicating that mean sodium level 129 – 134mE/L were associated with greater disease severity. Hyponatremia was linked to adverse outcomes, with non-survivors exhibiting significantly lower sodium levels (125.58±8.2) compared to discharged patients (134.5±6.9) (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: Serum sodium levels are crucial in assessing the severity and prognosis of DCLD. Hyponatremia correlates with advanced liver dysfunction and increased mortality. Routine sodium assessment may aid in early risk stratification and management of patients with DCLD
The Effectiveness of Self-Efficacy Training Based on Kolcaba\u27s Comfort Theory on Anxiety among Chronic Kidney Disease Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis
Full text linkIntroduction:
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients undergoing hemodialysis are at increased risk of psychological distress, particularly anxiety, due to the chronic and invasive nature of the treatment. Addressing these psychosocial challenges is vital to improving patients\u27 quality of life and adherence to therapy.
Objective:
This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of self-efficacy training based on Kolcaba\u27s Comfort Theory in reducing anxiety levels in CKD patients receiving hemodialysis.
Methods:
A quasi-experimental design with a non-equivalent control group was used. A total of 84 participants were selected using total sampling from a dialysis unit in dr. Loekmono Hadi Kudus Hospital in Central Java, Indonesia. Participants were divided into intervention (n=42) and control (n=42) groups. The intervention group received a structured training program based on Comfort Theory. Anxiety levels were assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed using paired t-tests and logistic regression.
Results: There was a significant reduction in anxiety scores in the intervention group post-training (pre: 17.29; post: 12.63; p < 0.001). Logistic regression revealed that the training was a significant predictor of reduced anxiety (OR = 4.11; 95% CI: 1.23–15.53; p = 0.001). Age, gender, and duration of hemodialysis had no significant influence.
Conclusion:
Self-efficacy training grounded in Kolcaba\u27s Comfort Theory significantly reduces anxiety among hemodialysis patients. This psychosocial intervention may be integrated into routine care protocols to improve psychological well-being and clinical outcomes
Ayurvedic Management of Sarvanga Roga W.S.R to Guillain- Barre` Syndrome-A Case Report
Full text linkGuillian - Barré Syndrome (GBS) also called as AIDP- “Acute Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy” is frequently severe, and fulminant polyradiculoneuropathy that is autoimmune in nature. It occurs year-round at a rate of between 1 and 4 cases per 1,00,000 annually. Here is a case report of 58 year old female, who presented to JSS Ayurveda hospital OPD with Complaints of Balakshaya and Karmakshaya in ubhaya urdwa and adhoshaka since a week and was administered with Panchakarma therapies and shamanoushadhis along with physiotherapy. Significant results were observed in 30 days in terms of improvement in the muscle power from 0 to 4 in lower limbs, 3 to 5 in upper limbs, HFG (Hughes Functional Grading) Scale of GBS improved from GRADE 4/6 TO GRADE 2/6 with improvement in her general condition as well as daily activities thus, showing promising results in the management of Guillain -Barré syndrome through ayurveda.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.52783/jchr.v15.4.941
An Observational Study to Assess the Prevalence of Oral Mucositis and Its Management Among Patients Receiving Chemotherapy in Selected Hospital, India
Full text linkIntroduction: Cancer is a major public health problem worldwide and a healthy cell does not turn into a cancer cell overnight. Cancer cells exhibit dysplasia, hyperplasia, metaplasia, and pleomorphism. An observational study was conducted to assess the prevalence of oral mucositis and its management among patients receiving chemotherapy in selected hospitals, India
Objectives: To assess the prevalence of oral mucositis, to identify the management strategies of oral mucositis and to find the association between the prevalence of oral mucositis with selected demographic variables.
Methods: A total of 500 cancer patients receiving chemotherapy were selected by using the Non-Probability Purposive Sampling technique. The tools used for data collection had four (4) sections of demographic variables of the cancer patients receiving chemotherapy, clinical profile of the cancer patients receiving chemotherapy, management strategies of oral mucositis and WHO Oral Mucositis Assessment Scale.
Results: The findings showed that the prevalence of oral mucositis was seen more in Grade 1 (29.6%) of Oral Mucositis in cancer patients receiving chemotherapy, with no samples suffering from Grade 4 (0%) of Oral Mucositis. The management strategies were identified that majority of the patients were using Chlohexidine Mouthwash (40%) and there were some participants who were using home remedies like honey (10%) for the oral mucositis, some samples not using any remedies (26%) for oral mucositis.
Conclusions: There was also a significant association between the prevalence of oral mucositis with selected demographic variable except the education of the participant which was not significant. The study concluded that the prevalence of oral mucositis and its management varies from individual to individual
Prevalence of Inappropriate Medication Use, Polypharmacy and Study of Medication Adherence among Patients with Diabetes Mellitus in the Geriatric Population
Full text linkIntroduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most common lifelong condition causing significant morbidity and mortality particularly in the elderly population. Among the most serious issues in diabetic elderly patients are the very high rate of polypharmacy, misuse of drugs and medication adherence resulting in drug side effects, reduced quality of life and escalated health care costs.
Objectives: This study aims to find the prevalence of inappropriate medication use, polypharmacy, and medication adherence among elderly diabetic patients.
Methods: A six-month cross-sectional observational study was done at a tertiary care hospital among patients of 60 years and above who had diabetes mellitus. Information about demographics, clinical, comorbidity and medications were collected through a structured questionnaire. Inappropriate drug prescribing was evaluated by the Beers Criteria. We also used the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale to measure medication adherence in our patients.
Results: The study had 218 patients with a mean age of 68 years. Polypharmacy was seen in 90.34% of the subjects and inappropriate use of drugs in 34.4% of the subjects. Nonadherence to medication was seen in 58% of the patients, among which significant predictors were comorbidities, complexity of the regimen, and absence of education in managing diabetes. The majority of the patients were on combined medications, and some of the problems concerned probable drug-drug interaction.
Conclusions: Inappropriate drug use and polypharmacy are significantly prevalent among elderly DM patients, thus prescription practices and patient education on well-prescription need to be enhanced. The above patients should receive systematic multidisciplinary treatment and drug review in order to promote compliance and maximize therapeutic benefits
Clinical and Microbial Oral Health Status in Children with Diabetes and Non-Diabetes
Full text linkIntroduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is considered hyperglycemia secondary to disturbed insulin secretion insulin function or both. Environmental and Genetic factors indicate multifactorial aetiology leading to the disease. Unfortunately, diabetic patients neglect dental care and it is important to know the state of oral health so as to inform the parents of diabetic children about the need for dental treatments and the needful preventive measures for them. Our study aimed to evaluate oral health status among type 1 diabetes mellitus children related to salivary components (flow rate, S mutants, Lactobacillus, and caries index).
Objectives: Our study aimed to evaluate oral health status among type 1 diabetes mellitus children related to salivary components (flow rate, S mutants, Lactobacillus, and caries index).
Methods: A prospective randomized clinical trial was performed on Type I DM children and non-diabetic children aged 4-16. The unstimulated salivary flow rate was calculated, and the Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus colonies in saliva were determined. Oral status was estimated using the Decay, Missing, and Filled Teeth index for primary (DMFT) &permanent teeth (DMFT) and oral hygiene index. Chi-Square test and Mann-Whitney test was used to statistically compare the obtained data at the significant level of p<0.05.
Results: Unstimulated salivary flow rate was seen less in type 1 DM children when compared to the healthy group (p<0.001). Caries prevalence (DMFT) was notably higher in T1DM compared to healthy children (p<0.97). T1DM children had an increased count of S. mutans and Lactobacillus compared to the control group (p<0.07 and p<0.04).
Conclusions: Based on our findings children with diabetes are exposed to a greater risk of caries and dental health problems compared to non-diabetic children. Our emphasis is centered on educating the parent and the child regarding caries prevalence and good oral health