Journal of Chemical Health Risks (Islamic Azad University, Iran)
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Impact of Kangaroo Mother Care During Neonatal Transport on Clinical Outcomes: A Prospective Cohort Study
Full text linkBackground: Neonatal transport in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) is often associated with risks of hypothermia, desaturation, and other physiological instability. Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC), known for its thermoregulatory and physiological benefits, has been extensively studied in stable in-hospital neonates but less so during transport. This study evaluates the feasibility, safety, and physiological effects of KMC during neonatal transport in a resource-limited setting.
Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study at a tertiary care NICU in Kolkata, India. Neonates requiring inter-facility transfer and meeting stability criteria for KMC were enrolled over six months. Those transported with KMC (intervention group) were compared to controls covered with blankets. Key outcomes included the incidence of hypothermia (axillary temperature <36.5°C), desaturation events, and heart rate variability during transport.
Results: A total of 208 neonates (104 KMC,104 controls) were analysed. The KMC group had significantly lower rates of hypothermia (37% vs 53%, p=0.01) and fewer desaturation episodes. Heart rate and oxygen saturation remained more stable during transport in the KMC group. No adverse events related to KMC were reported.
Conclusion: KMC during neonatal transport is a feasible, safe, and effective strategy to improve thermal and physiological stability in neonates, particularly in LMIC settings. Wider adoption of KMC transport protocols could reduce morbidity and improve neonatal outcomes
Sinigrin as a Therapeutic Agent for Diabetes: A Combined In Vitro and In Silico Investigation.
Full text linkType 2 diabetes continues to have a detrimental influence on the health of millions. Insulin resistance, or the inability to respond to insulin and eliminate blood glucose, is a major pathogenic driver of the disease. Skeletal muscle is the principal tissue responsible for maintaining glucose homeostasis through glucose uptake via insulin-dependent and insulin-independent processes. Natural products are a rich source of chemicals for drug discovery, as has long been known. Many groups of secondary metabolites, including glucosinolates are found to possess medicinal properties. Sinigrin which belongs to Brassicaceae family of glucosides is examined for its antidiabetic properties. The effect of sinigrin on the viability of L6 myotubes was evaluated by MTT assay at different sinigrin concentrations. There was more than 95% viability at concentrations of sinigrin up to 100 µM indicating its non-toxic nature of sinigrin. Sinigrin enhanced glucose uptake as a percentage compared to control cells, 106%, 111%, 121%, 132%, and 156% concentrations, 20,40,60, 80 and 100 µM respectively. In addition, glucose uptake was reduced in the presence of LY294002 (PI-3 kinase inhibitor) indicating a major mechanism involving the induction of GLUT4 membrane translocation via the activation of both PI3K/Akt pathway. Sinigrin enhances the uptake of glucose in rat L6 myotubes independent of insulin through the PI 3 kinase signaling pathway. According to computational analysis, sinigrin\u27s interactions and binding energy with PEPCK and G6 pase indicate that the compound has the ability to inhibit both gluconeogenic enzymes. The study fully understands the mechanism of action of sinigrin, and these findings show that sinigrin could be developed into an effective antidiabetic medicin
Understanding the Anatomical Framework of the Human Body: A Comparative Analysis of Rachana Sharir and Shadanga Sharir.
Full text linkThe field of Sharir Rachana (Anatomy) in Ayurveda presents a comprehensive and philosophical approach to understanding the human body, with concepts rooted in metaphysical and functional principles. Among its fundamental divisions, Rachana Sharir and Shadanga Sharir represent two core models that define anatomical structure and organization. While Rachana Sharir encompasses detailed descriptions of bodily constituents such as Dhatu, Srotas, Kala, and Marma, the Shadanga Sharir provides a broader, embryologically based classification of the human body into six segments. This article provides a comparative exploration of these two frameworks based on classical texts, examining their relevance, application, and correlation with modern anatomical understanding. The integrative analysis sheds light on how these models contribute to Ayurvedic diagnostics, therapeutics, and surgical practice
Euphorbia Caducifolia: Applying Traditional Knowledge to Contemporary Pharmacology, A Comprehensive Review
Full text linkThe leafless milk hedge, or Euphorbia Caducifolia Haines, is a subtropical succulent that belongs to a member of the Euphorbiaceae family. Hailing from desert regions of northwest India and parts of Pakistan, this plant has gained notoriety for its abundance of phytochemical components and wide range of medicinal uses. The objective of this review is to present a thorough analysis of Euphorbia Caducifolia, including its taxonomic classification, morphological traits, phytochemical components, pharmacological qualities, traditional medicinal uses and new potential for industrial and sustainable use
Environmental Aspergillus fumigatus Derived Antibiotics: Structure and Efficacy against Enteric Bacteria
Full text linkAntibiotic resistance poses significant clinical and public health challenges, leading to treatment failures, prolonged hospitalizations, and increased mortality. Enteric bacterial diseases are a major concern. The need for novel antibiotics from natural sources is pressing. This study explores the potential of antibiotics extracted from Aspergillus fumigatus mycelia against enteric bacterial pathogens. One hundred soil samples from hospital dumping sites were screened, yielding three Aspergillus fumigatus strains: DTO402 (AFO402), F7 (AFF7), and KMM4631 (AFK4631). The fungal isolates were grown in submerged culture, and their antibiotic production was evaluated. Structural elucidation using GC-MS revealed various bioactive compounds in each strain. AFK4631 produced oleic acid, hexacosanoic acid, erucic acid, and 10-methyl-E-11-tridece-1-ol-acetate, which showed significant (p ≤ 0.05) inhibitory activity against Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Typhi strains. Similar compounds were identified in AFD402 and AFF7, including oleic acid and hexacosanoic acid. The study demonstrates the potential of these Aspergillus fumigatus strains as sources of alternative antibiotics for treating enteric bacterial infections. The findings suggest that these natural compounds could provide a promising solution to the growing problem of antibiotic resistance. Further research is warranted to explore the therapeutic applications of these bioactive compounds
Evaluation of the Association in the Chek2 Gene with Breast Cancer in the Uzbekistan Population
Full text linkA total of 200 cases of breast cancer were diagnosed in our experiment. Patients with stage I-IV breast cancer, aged 30-65 years, who received chemotherapy (the main group) and 100 healthy women (the control group) were selected. Information on histological examination of the tumour and blood biochemistry was obtained from the patients\u27 medical records. DNA was isolated from the blood of women from the main and control groups using the “Ampli Prime Ribo-prep” kits (OOO “Next Bio”, Russia). PCRs were performed on the Corbett Research GRADIENT PALM CYCLER PCR Analysers CG1-96 (Australia) amplifier. The functionally dangerous allele T of the CHEK2 gene Ile157Thr polymorphism was statistically significantly more common in patients with breast cancer than in healthy donors (2.0% and 0.5%, respectively). The safe C allele, on the other hand, was more common in the control group than in the main group (99.5% and 98.0%, respectively).
The aim of the study is to determine the frequency of the Ile157Thr rs17879961 polymorphism of the tumour protein CHK2 in the development of breast cancer in the Uzbek female population, its association with onco markers and the Pro72Arg polymorphism of the Tp53 gene.
Materials and Methods. The quantity and quality of the isolated DNA were checked using a NanoDrop 2000 (Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA) spectrophotometer. Polymerase chain reaction was performed on a Corbett Research GRADIENT PALM CYCLER PCR Analyzers CG1-96 (Australia) amplifier, and statistical analysis of the results was calculated using the statistical computer programs “WinPEPI 2016, Version 11.65” and “EpiCalc 2000 Version 1.02”.
Rusults. A total of 200 women with breast cancer, who formed the main group, and 100 conditionally healthy Uzbek women in the control group, participated in the study. The results of biochemical blood tests of patients and immunohistochemistry (ER, PR, Her2/neu, Ki67) oncomarkers were obtained from the patients\u27 medical records and the association with the CHEK2 gene Ile157Thr polymorphism was examined. The CHEK2 gene Ile157Thr polymorphism C/C (natural) and C/T (heterozygous) genotypes were detected in 200 patients from the main group.
Conclusion. The findings suggest that the G allele and the heterozygous C/G genotype of this polymorphism may be among the factors increasing the risk of breast cancer (p > 0.05)
Retrospective Evaluation of Patient Acceptance of Recession Coverage Procedures in a Dental Teaching Hospital
Full text linkBackground: Gingival recession is a common periodontal condition that affects esthetics, root sensitivity, and increases the risk of caries. Despite the availability of predictable mucogingival surgical techniques, patient acceptance of recession coverage procedures remains inconsistent.
Aim: To retrospectively evaluate the acceptance of gingival recession coverage procedures among patients visiting a tertiary dental care center.
Materials and Methods: This retrospective study analyzed 250 patient records diagnosed with gingival recession over one year. Data were collected regarding age, gender, recession classification, oral hygiene, and whether patients accepted the recommended coverage procedures. Descriptive statistics and chi-square tests were used to analyze acceptance trends across demographics and clinical categories.
Results: Out of 250 patients, 190 were advised recession coverage procedures. Only 95 patients (38%) accepted and underwent the surgery. Younger patients (18–30 years) showed higher acceptance (58.3%), and Class I recession cases had the highest uptake (55.6%). The most common reasons for refusal were lack of symptoms, fear of surgery, and financial concerns.
Conclusion: Less than half of the patients advised gingival recession coverage procedures proceeded with treatment. Enhanced patient education and communication regarding the benefits and long-term outcomes of these procedures are essential to improve acceptance rates
Formulation and Optimization of Imeglimin-Loaded Nanoparticles Using Central Composite Design
Full text linkType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is increasing as a worldwide health issue. Imeglimin, a first-in-class oral antidiabetic compound, exerts potential therapeutic activities via several mechanisms, including enhanced mitochondrial function and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Despite this, it is still a challenge to increase its oral bioavailability. The purpose of this work was to prepare and optimize Imeglimin-loaded polymeric nanoparticles (IG-PNs) based on chitosan and sodium alginate to enhance entrapment and extended release of the drug for oral delivery. IG-PNs were synthesized through ionotropic gelation and were optimized through a Central Composite Rotatable Design (CCRD). The influence of chitosan and sodium alginate concentration, and stirring speed, was tested on particle size (PS) and entrapment efficiency (EE). The characterization involved dynamic light scattering, zeta potential, scanning electron microscopy, and in vitro release studies. The optimized formulation had a particle size of 126.75 ± 2.39 nm, PDI of 0.228 ± 0.040, and EE of 85.50 ± 5.87%. The zeta potential was −12.8 ± 2.42 mV, and SEM micrographs revealed spherical, uniform particles. Release studies in vitro revealed 80.79 ± 7.33% cumulative release in PBS (pH 7.4) and 14.62 ± 1.87% in 0.1 N HCl, and release kinetics were best described by Korsmeyer-Peppas and zero-order models, respectively. The optimized IG-PNs indicated improved drug entrapment and controlled release, indicating better oral delivery promise for Imeglimin. These results justify more preclinical and clinical investigation.
Categories: Imeglimin, Polymeric Nanoparticles, Chitosan, Sodium Alginate, Controlled Release, CCRD, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitu
Synthesis, Characterization and Evaluation of Quercetin Derivatives for Anti-Microbial and Anti-Fungal Activity
Full text linkThe study involves synthesis, characterization and evaluation of anti-microbial and anti-fungal activity for the derivatives of quercetin. The product to be synthesized was selected on the basis of SWISS ADME predictor. The characterization of drug and their synthesised products was done by determination of melting point, UV spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy, thin layer chromatography, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance study. The anti-microbial and anti-fungal studies were done with different concentrations of 12.5 mg/ml, 25mg/ml, and 50 mg/ml with derivative 1 and derivative 2 using Pseudomonas aeruginosa Aspergillus Niger strains. The drug with 50mg/kg shows potent anti-microbial and anti-fungal activity with effective inhibitory growth parameter
Assessment and Intervention to Menstrual Health in Suttur Residencial School-A Open Labled Clinical Study
Full text linkIntroduction:
Menstruation is a physiological process for women of reproductive age. On an average a woman cumulatively menstruates for about five to seven years during her lifetime, thus menstrual health and hygiene constitutes a critical life event. Every woman has the right to healthy, safe and dignified menstruation.
Objectives: To assess the impact of a school-based menstrual education programme and effect of narikela greanuules on: (1) menstrual knowledge, beliefs and practices, (2) menstrual disorders
Design: Intervention study.
Study Setting- High school Students of Sutturu residential school.
Study Period - 90days
Study Population -50
Interventions: A school-based health education study conducted from between January 2023 to June 2024 The current study was a cross sectional study carried out between January 2023 to June 2024. The study was conducted in Sutturu residential scholl Mysuru. where a total of 25 adolescent girls aged 14 – 18 were selected after getting permission from their concerned autority. The data was collected by trained medical undergraduate and postgraduates by interviewing adolescent schoolgirls using a pre-designed pre-tested questionnaire.Each subjects are given with 5g of Narikela rasayana once in morning and night after food for 90 days.results analyzied based on Assessment criteria.
Results: After health education, participants reported a significant improvement ( p<0.001) ) in ‘high knowledge and beliefs’ scores compared to baseline (51% vs 82.4%). Significant improvement was also observed in overall good menstrual practices (28.8% vs 88.9%), the drug Narikeela rasayana acts general health promoter and rsayana helps in rasa dhatu tarpan and inturns helps in normalizing the menstruation.
Conclusions: The study concludes that a majority of the girls had clinically obvious nutritional efficiency diseases. Problems related to menstruation are quite frequent and often result in the interruption of the daily routine of the adolescent girls, therefore it is important that school officials and school health programme staff recognize these problems and need to be sensitive to their problems. Further studies should be performed to determine the reason for this trend, and newer strategies need to be employed