CSRC Publishing: Open Journal Systems (Center for Sustainability Research and Consultancy)
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1354 research outputs found
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Identification and Protection of Corporate Whistle-blowers: A Legal Perspective
No full textPurpose: Internal audit, management review, and account reconciliation are popular tools for combating corporate fraud, but whistle-blowing is the most prevalent. Whistle-blowers frequently fear reprisal from coworkers and bosses. That is why they require protection and support. Many international organizations have advocated that countries adopt regulatory frameworks for protecting whistle-blowers. Therefore, the current study investigates the notion of whistle-blowing to compare it to Public Interest Disclosure Act 2017 of Pakistan, which was enacted. It identifies the influence of legal and ethical cultural norms in organizations on whistle-blowing behaviour.
Design/Methodology/Approach: Qualitative method was used to analyze statutes, local and international protocols, rules and regulations of Pakistan and developed countries.
Findings: The results suggest that the development of legal and ethical culture in a business may inspire whistle-blowing, and whistle-blowers may feel psychologically safe when reporting wrongdoings. Further, whistle-blowers must be legally supported and encouraged to function as corporate monitors, discouraging wrongdoers to the point of elimination.
Implications/Originality/Value: It is suggested that the Act be revised to address the existed flaws. The Act is specifically amended to cover private-sector whistle-blowers, and an impartial, external reporting channel is established under one of the existing specialized organizations that deal with fraud. In particular, anti-corruption bodies, like National Accountability Bureau, has established as an external reporting and investigative channel
Role of Islamic Banking in Economic Growth of Pakistan
No full textPurpose: This paper’s investigation suggests that Islamic Banking is spreading its wings in Pakistan and is arranging for positive advancement heading. Islamic banking particularly in Pakistan where resources of Islamic absolute banks Rs: 1.7 Trillion. The goal of this research is to explore the effects of Islamic banking on Pakistan's economic development. This paper investigates that connection between advancement of Islamic financial framework and monetary development in the Islamic Republic of Pakistan.
Approach: This paper explains the effect of Islamic banking on Pakistan's economic development. This report investigates a new approach to defining the success of the system of the Islamic banking industry in the context of Pakistan. After Utilizing econometrics examination, quarterly time-arrangement information of financial loaning and all out resources an intermediary for the advancement of Islamic banking and GDP as an intermediary for monetary development.
Findings: To develop the trust of stakeholders, policies and initiatives should be applied. In order to satisfy the business expectations, executives should have concentrated on research and development. This will help draw new buyers and retain the confidence of existing investors. Management can raise the services of Islamic banking goods and services to new possible clients more efficiently.
Implications: A major financial institute with a wide variety of activities would adopt new-innovation techniques for Islamic banking goods. The observational outcomes for the most part connote that over the long haul Islamic banks financing is positive and essentially corresponded with monetary development in Pakistan
A Hand in Glove Theorem of Dividends and Earnings: Evidence from the Financial Sector of Pakistan
No full textPurpose: The available literature on various sectors to examine the impact of earnings on dividend payments, indicates that still, extensive research lacks in the financial sector of Pakistan. The rationale behind paying higher dividends has been observed in emerging countries like Pakistan to maintain a strong financial footing. This study aims to investigate various factors that can influence dividend payouts. Design/Methodology/Approach: ARDL approach has been used to establish a long-term impact of selected variables on dividend payouts. Data of 50 financial listed firms for 2000-2021 has been used to subsume the impact of earnings-related variables on the dividend payouts of the financial companies of Pakistan.
Findings: Results indicate that market capitalization, ROA, EPS, and firm size have a significant and positive impact on dividend decisions, while leverage generates a significant inverse impact on dividend declarations. The study also indicates discretionary accruals (a factor in earnings management under IAS) do not impact dividends significantly. ROE has no impact on the volume of dividends due to the specific nature of the firms under study.
Implications/Originality/Value: The study demonstrates a conjecture that the financial sector must maintain its dividends not only to retain its old stakeholders but also to recruit new ones
Investigating the Impact of Boundaryless Career Attitudes on Career Success: Decisive Role of Job Crafting
No full textPurpose: Volatile labor market conditions have increased the uncertainty regarding job security which resultantly shifted the career transition focus from organization to individual for career development. Now, employees seem much more responsible for their self-career management. In these circumstances, new career management concepts are gaining attention i.e. Boundaryless career attitudes (BCA), Job Crafting behaviors (JCB), Employability and Success. Hence, the study aims to check the effect of BCA on Career Success through JC and Employability.
Design/Methodology/Approach: This is a quantitative, survey-based study which is conducted on the universities’ permanent faculty members of Pakistan.
Findings: The results conclude that there exists a positive impact of BCA on Career Outcomes directly and through proactive behavior.
Implications/Originality/Value: The study enhances the BCA literature with said career outcomes and provides a guideline to the employees to achieve desired targeted career results
Theoretical explanation of Sovereignty and Statehood in Islam within the purview of Modern Time
No full textPurpose: The main theme of the present study was to provide previous empirical and other literature reviews of sovereignty and statehood in Islam and particularly its compression with modern times.
Approach: Prior study on statehood was examined from various aspects. Findings: It has been releveled that Statehood and sovereignty is one of the important elements of an Islamic state in the modern world. Besides, in Islam, one of the greatest attributes of God is sovereignty. However, the western notion of sovereignty developed by declining God’s sovereignty is rejected on two grounds; the first slam lacks any historical evidence to grant ultimate power to any political authority or ruler. Second, the notion of sovereignty in a specific historical and present social European setting is an attempt to undermine the absolute authority of the church. Notwithstanding, there are three notions of Islamic sovereignty.
Implications: The study concluded that in the Islamic State, sovereignty belongs to Allah and Allah is the only one who rules which is viewed in the form of divine laws and Jurisprudence. The interpretation of this rule of sovereignty as that there is no concept of people’s sovereignty in Islam is not correct because Allah cannot be an immediate ruler in the political connotation.  
An Empirical Study on Gender Based Discrimination at Pakistani Workplaces: Determination of the Causes of Gender Based Discrimination in Pakistan's Private Service Sector Workplaces
No full textPurpose: Gender-based discrimination in the workplace in the private service sector is well known all over the world phenomenon, but in developing states like Pakistan the issue is comparatively high. The purpose of this paper is to determine the causes and factors of Gender-based discrimination in the private service sector workplaces in Pakistan.
Design/Methodology/Approach: The quantitative method was used. Data was collected through a structured questionnaire. The population of the research is the employees of the private service sector of Pakistan. The sample size was 120 (N=120). Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software is used for analysis.
Findings: In this study, it is investigated that Unequal treatment of employees, favoritism, and educational qualification (Independent Variables) are causes of Gender-based discrimination (dependent variable), and this relationship is mediated by the human resource department’s rules and policies, unfortunately, the role of HR policies and the department is not satisfactory in the private service sector of Pakistan.
Implications: Managers, policymakers, and educationists must reassess their dependence on stereotypical ideas of women as women become an increasingly important component of the workforce.
Originality/Value: The paper explores the factors that contribute to gender-based discrimination and uses HR rules as a unique mediator between these factors and prejudice
Food Security and Social Inequalities from the Perspective of Women's Rights: Case Study of District Torghar
No full textPurpose: The research study was designed with the sole aim to explore the food security status in the purview of women’s rights in the District Tor Ghar, KP, Pakistan
Approach: A sample size of 291 out of 760 household heads was selected randomly from 3 villages of Khander Tehsil namely Bilyani, Bimbal, and Dharo. The conceptual framework comprised of an independent variable (availability of food) and one dependent variable (food insecurity). Data on study variables were collected using the Likert scale. The Chi-square test was applied to test the strength of association among study variables.
Findings: The study found that the limited availability of vegetables, fruits, bread, and meat required for a daily meal for women alongside sufficient milk/ dairy products and dry fruit to feed women at home, were found significant (p <0.05) in association with food insecurity. Thus, lack of availability of food is the root cause of food insecurity among women of the study inhabitants.
Implications: A policy drive led by an awareness-raising campaign at an institutional, cultural and societal level that ensures the availability of a sufficient amount of quality food to all social segments to overcome the problem of food insecurity, especially with respect to women folk was the major study recommendations.  
Regime Shift Behavior and Interconnectedness of Stock Market Volatility and Exchange Rate Movements: Empirical Evidence from Emerging and Developed Economies
No full textPurpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the regime shift behavior and interconnectedness between stock market volatility and exchange rate in a pre and post COVID context.
Design/Methodology/Approach: For this purpose Pakistan India and China has been taken as emerging economies and USA UK and Japan as developed economies. Daily data of exchange rates and stock market indices have been used from Jan,1 2011 to Apr 30, 2021. Markov regime switching model, GARCH model and Granger causality test has been used.
Findings: The outcomes of this study empirically confirmed that the Markov regime switching model is flexible model because it captures regime shifts in the mean and variance equation of all sample economies. Moreover, the sum of GARCH (1,1) indicates that volatility shocks are persistent except India. Study also concluded that exchange rate volatility has significant positive impact on stock market of Pakistan, USA and Japan in a pre COVID context.
Implications/Originality/Value: A post COVID context has significant impact on the stock market of India, U.S.A. and U.K. Granger causality results indicates unidirectional relationship for Pakistan, China and USA. Whereas for Japan bi-directional relationship is found but for India and UK no directional causality exist.  
Job Price Compensable Factors and Parameters: The Framework of the Job Evaluation System
No full text
Purpose: This paper reviews how organizations establish the remuneration system by focusing on job evaluation methods. The goal of these article reviews is to identify the internal and external compensable factors in order to create a win-win situation for both the employer and the employee and to address any inconveniences that may arise regarding wage or pay consistency and equity.
Design/Methodology/Approach: The comprehensive review of the job evaluation methods was conducted to justify its fairness and equality in determining the “right pay for the job”, considering the job incumbents and addressing the internal and external factors. The primary instrument used to construct the pay structure is job evaluation. However, measurement inaccuracy exists in job evaluations as a result of the system's inability to correctly identify the internal and external compensating elements.
Findings: These compensable factors are typically linked to the organization's financial capacity and pay policy, the SKAOs held by job holders, the job tasks, and environmental factors like the local economy, geographic location, rules, regulations, market pricing and more.
Implications/Originality/Value: Compensable factors are essential for figuring out the "appropriate pay" or "right pricing" for specific jobs
Enhancing the Dining Experience through Emotional Tableware Design
No full textObjective: At present, the tableware used represents the image of the restaurant as it is able to create a visual attraction or known as ‘visual synchronisation’ with food. Emotional tableware design is able to influence the behaviour of people through the dining experience. This is due to the attractive visual design of the tableware which will have an indirect influence on the aroma and taste of the cuisine being presented as well as the surrounding ambience.
Methodology: The three levels of design theory which include visceral, behavioural and reflective play a significant role in providing an impact or having a great influence on the fine dining experience. Consequently, amplifying the integration of senses, interaction and response towards emotions.
Findings: An emotional tableware design will lead to a more positive experience. This positive experience will elevate positive emotions through its functionality, convenience and satisfaction. A tableware designer is able to evoke such emotions as the emotional design has no specific rules or clear protocol. The positive experience that is emotionally inspired will lead to a better life experience or make life more interesting.
Implications: The use of an emotional tableware design by chefs in fine dining has elevated the dining experience to a whole new level which amplifies the deep impact that this concept has on the world of tableware design.