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Phenomenology in the Field of Play: Direct Experience, Aesthetics and Interpretation
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Valutazione musicale delle percezioni infantili durante il cambio di situazioni familiari
No full textDer folgende Artikel beschreibt einen systemischen und musikzentrierten Prozess zur Erfassung der Wahrnehmung von Familiensystemen durch einzelne Kinder. Das Instrument wurde entwickelt für den Einsatz in der Einzelmusiktherapie und der Familientherapie mit Kindern, die ein Trauma im Zusammenhang mit sich verändernden Familiensituationen erlebt haben (einschließlich Pflegekinder, kürzlich adoptierte Kinder, kürzlich mit biologischen Eltern wiedervereinigte Kinder und Kinder, die vorübergehend oder dauerhaft den Kontakt zu wichtigen Bezugspersonen verloren haben). Es ist für Kinder ab fünf Jahren konzipiert.
In diesem Assessment verwendet das Kind Musikinstrumente, um ein musikalisches und visuelles Familienportrait zu erstellen. Das Kind wählt ein Instrument zur Darstellung von sich selbst aus und spielt eine kurze Improvisation, um sich selbst zu charakterisieren, anschließend platziert es das Instrument irgendwo im Raum. Das Kind führt diesen Prozess dann für ein weiteres Familienmitglied aus: Instrument auswählen, Improvisation spielen und das Instrument irgendwo in Bezug zu dem ersten platzieren. Dieser Prozess wiederholt sich, bis das Kind alle Familienmitglieder dargestellt hat, die es aufnehmen möchte. Der Therapeut kann wichtige Informationen über die Wahrnehmung des Familiensystems durch die ausgewählten Familienmitglieder, ausgewählte Instrumente, musikalische Elemente der Improvisation und räumliche Beziehungen im visuellen Porträt ableiten. (Übersetzung: Josephine Geipel)本稿では、自分の家族システムに対する子供たち個人の認識を評価するための、システム志向の音楽特有のプロセスについて記述する。これは、個人や家族の音楽療法の文脈で使用されるために開発されたもので、家族状況の変化に伴うトラウマを経験した児童（養子、養子縁組をしたばかりの子どもたち、血の繋がった家族と再会したばかりの子ども、また一時的あるいは永久的に重要な家族メンバーと連絡が途絶えた子どもたちを含んでいる）を扱うものである。
アセスメントでは子どもは楽器を使用して、音楽を用いた、また目に見える形の（ビジュアルな）家族ポートレートを作る。子どもは自分自身を象徴する楽器を選び、自分自身を表す短い即興演奏を行い、楽器をその前の空間のどこかに置く。次に子どもは家族を１人特定し、先ほどのプロセスを家族メンバーに向けて繰り返す；楽器を選び、即興をし、そして楽器を最初に置いた楽器との関連でどこかの場所に置く。家族に含みたいと思うメンバーを全て表現するまでこのプロセスが繰り返される。セラピストは、選ばれた家族メンバー、選ばれた楽器、即興の音楽的要素、ビジュアルポートレートでの空間的な関係性を通して、子どもの家族に対する認識について重要な情報を得ることができる。
キーワード：アセスメント、音楽的アセスメント、質的アセスメント、子どもの認識のアセスメント、文化的アセスメント、文化的な反応、変動する家族状況、児童福祉、里親制度、養子、子供の悲しみ、青少年、子供たち、CPS、家族音楽療法、システム療法、ネイティブ、ネイティブアメリカン、先住民、ファーストネーション（カナダの先住民）、音楽的ポートレート、即興 L’article suivant décrit un processus axé sur les systèmes et la musique indigène permettant d’évaluer la perception de chaque enfant de son système familial. Il a été développé pour être utilisé dans des contextes de musicothérapie individuels et familiaux, avec des enfants victimes de traumatismes liés à des situations familiales changeantes (enfants adoptés, enfants récemment adoptés, enfants récemment réunifiés avec des parents biologiques et enfants ayant temporairement ou définitivement perdu un membre important de la famille). Il est conçu pour être utilisé avec des enfants de cinq ans et plus. Lors de l\u27évaluation, l\u27enfant utilise des instruments pour créer un portrait de famille musical et visuel. L\u27enfant choisit un instrument pour se représenter lui-même, joue une courte improvisation pour se représenter lui-même et place l\u27instrument quelque part dans l\u27espace situé devant lui. L\u27enfant identifie ensuite un membre de la famille et répète le processus pour ce membre de la famille: choisir un instrument, jouer à une improvisation et placer l\u27instrument quelque part par rapport au premier. Ce processus se répète jusqu\u27à ce que l\u27enfant ait représenté tous les membres de la famille qu\u27il souhaite inclure. Le thérapeute peut obtenir des informations essentielles sur les perceptions de l’enfant vis-à-vis de son système familial à travers les membres de la famille choisis, les instruments choisis, les éléments musicaux de l’improvisation et les relations spatiales dans le portrait visuel.Il seguente articolo descrive un processo orientato sui sistemi e sulla musica nativa per valutare le percezioni dei bambini dei loro sistemi familiari. È stato sviluppato per l\u27uso in contesti di musicoterapia individuale e familiare, con bambini che hanno subito traumi legati al cambiamento delle situazioni familiari (inclusi figli adottivi, bambini adottati di recente, bambini recentemente riuniti a genitori biologici, e bambini che hanno perso temporaneamente o definitivamente un membro importante della famiglia). È stato anche progettato per l\u27uso con bambini di età pari o superiore a cinque anni. Nella valutazione, il bambino utilizza strumenti musicali per creare un ritratto familiare musicale e visivo. Esso sceglie uno strumento per rappresentarsi, suona una breve improvvisazione che rappresenta se stesso e posiziona lo strumento da qualche parte nello spazio davanti ai familiari. Il bambino identifica quindi un membro della famiglia e ripete il processo per quel membro della famiglia: scegliere uno strumento, esegue un\u27improvvisazione e posiziona lo strumento da qualche parte in relazione al primo. Questo processo si ripete finché il bambino non ha rappresentato tutti i membri della famiglia che desidera includere. Il terapista può ricavare informazioni salienti sulle percezioni del bambino sul proprio sistema familiare attraverso i membri della famiglia scelti, gli strumenti scelti, gli elementi musicali dell\u27improvvisazione e le relazioni spaziali nel ritratto visivo. (Traduzione di Claudio Cominardi)The following article describes a systems-oriented, music-indigenous process for assessing individual children’s perceptions of their family systems. It was developed for use in individual and family music therapy contexts, with children who have experienced trauma related to changing family situations (including foster children, recently adopted children, children recently reunified with biological parents, and children who have temporarily or permanently lost contact with a significant family member). It is designed for use with children age five and older.
In the assessment, the child uses instruments to create a musical and visual family portrait. The child chooses an instrument to represent themself, plays a short improvisation representing themself, and places the instrument somewhere in the space before them. The child then identifies a family member and repeats the process for that family member: choosing an instrument, playing an improvisation, and placing the instrument somewhere in relation to the first. This process repeats until the child has represented all the family members they wish to include. The therapist can derive salient information about the child’s perceptions of their family system through the family members chosen, instruments chosen, musical elements of the improvisation, and spatial relationships in the visual portrait
“More than Meets the Eye” - Analyzing the Success of User Queries in Oria
No full textDiscovery systems allow academic library users to locate a wider range of resources than previous OPACs. However, actual usage of these systems may still be challenging. The main aim of this research is to get a better understanding of the hurdles users face while searching contemporary library systems.This study utilizes a transaction log analysis approach, using popular and zero result queries datasets gathered from the statistics module of a library discovery system. It explores what types of queries users perform, how successful the queries are, and examines underlying reasons for unsuccessful queries. To our knowledge, this is the first academic paper to use data originating from built-in transaction logs of the Oria library discovery system.The analysis shows that queries are often curriculum-related: we could pinpoint a relation with curriculum for 58% of the popular queries, and 28% for the zero result searches. A vast majority of popular queries refer to books, databases and journals, and over half of the queries used the title to locate a resource. 20% of the popular queries turned out to be unsuccessful. Zero result queries typically involve long queries, and in many cases consist of pasted reference citations.Our conclusion is that the examined discovery system is rather sensitive. Whilst this suggests the importance of increasing users\u27 information search skills, it also points to the need for enhancing discovery systems and their underlying metadata. Furthermore, due to the prominence of curriculum-related queries, a better integration of curriculum materials ought to be achieved
Hvilken håndvaskprosedyre virker best?
Get PDFDette forskningsprosjektet illustrerte nødvendigheten av riktig håndhygiene ved sykehus. Daglig er helsepersonell i kontakt med pasienter under kontroller, operasjoner eller liknende. Håndvask og hånddesinfeksjon er tiltak som reduserer spredningsfaren for mikroorganismer som kan forårsake infeksjoner. Håndvask påvirker den permanente bakteriefloraen i liten grad, av den grunn kreves det desinfeksjon. Forskningsspørsmålet i dette prosjektet er i hvilken grad ulike håndhygieneprosedyrer påvirker antall gjenværende bakterier på håndflaten, og om de nåværende rutinene på norske sykehus er optimale. I dette prosjektet utførte tre grupper ulike prosedyrer: hånddesinfeksjon med både sprit og såpe, håndvask med kun såpe og vasking kun med vann. Bakteriekoloniene som befant seg på håndflaten etter de ulike håndhygieneprosedyrene ble dyrket på et næringsmedium kalt petrifilm, og talt opp. Resultatene viste en tydelig forskjell mellom de ulike håndhygieneprosedyrene. Det ble funnet omtrent 21 ganger så mange bakteriekolonier etter vask med vann enn etter hånddesinfeksjon. Med dette illustrerte resultatene dermed viktigheten omkring riktig håndvaskrutine
Checkmate at the Check-In. Discrimination or Transatlantic People Smuggling from Brussels National Airport
Get PDFPursuant to the so-called American travel ban, nationals from Iran, Libya, Somalia, Sudan and Yemen were denied access to US territory. Consequently airline companies are performing additional checks at the check-in in order to avoid allowing passengers on board who are not in the possession of the required travelling documents to be allowed into the United States. The authors argue that the American travel ban puts airline companies operating from Brussels National Airport, Belgium within the scope of several criminal law provisions. Obeying the travel ban and denying the passengers access to the plane could constitute a form of indirect discrimination based on nationality. Disobeying the travel ban and granting the passengers access to the plane could constitute a form of people smuggling. In its current form, taking account of the interpretation provided in jurisprudence, the Belgian criminal law does not provide a clear way out of this situation. The situation is therefore described as checkmate at the check-in and is used to urge policy makers to provide a more clear legal framework for companies (in this case airline companies) who find themselves confronted with incompatibilities between different legal systems.
The Anatomy of the Revenger: Violence and Dissection on the Early Modern English Stage
Get PDFThe persistent employment of excessive violence on the early modern English stage was studied by Renaissance scholarship for centuries in diverse but rather formal or historicist ways, and this critical focus received no new impetus until the corporal turn in critical theory after the 1980s. Before the poststructuralist, or, more precisely, the postsemiotic and corposemiotic investigations, critics tended to categorize bodily transgression as part of the general process of deterioration that lead to the decadence and all-enveloping perversity of the Stuart and Caroline stage, or they merely catalogued the metamorphoses of iconographic and emblematic elements of the memento mori, the ars moriendi, the contemptus mundi, the danse macabre or the exemplum horrendum traditions through the imagery of violence, mutilation and corporeal disintegration. The reception history of Shakespeare’s first tragedy exemplifies the general hostility towards extreme violence, an attitude which was established by the technologies of canon formation in the eighteenth and nineteenth century
Essayent-ils vraiment de m\u27aider ? Utilisation de la musicothérapie en rap / hip-hop avec des jeunes à risque dans les Appalaches
No full textKinder und Jugendliche in den Appalachen sind oft ungünstigen Kindheitserfahrungen ausgesetzt und haben möglicherweise ein höheres Maß an Depression, Angst und Aggression als Jugendliche in anderen Gebieten der Vereinigten Staaten. Die speziellen Herausforderungen in der Arbeit mit Jugendlichen in den Appalachen und die unerwartete Verbreitung von Rap als bevorzugtes Genre werden in diesem Artikel zusammengefasst. Rap ist ein beliebtes Genre von Jugendlichen in den Appalachen (Ohio) und die Jugendlichen dieser Gegend identifizieren sich häufig mit den typischen Themen des Rap wie Sozialkritik, soziale Ermächtigung, humanistische Werte und Kritik an negativem Verhalten. Trotz der Erfolge mit dieser Methode in den Musiktherapie-Sitzungen trägt diese kaukasische Musiktherapeutin einen innerlichen Konflikt mit sich aus, aufgrund der kulturellen Aneignung von Rap-Musik in der Musiktherapie mit Klienten, die nicht ursprünglich der Hip-Hop-Kultur angehören. Diskutiert werden die Implikationen der therapeutischen Methodik, der Selbstreflexions- und Supervisionsprozess der Therapeutin, das Potential der Aneignung und die persönlichen Ergebnisse. (Übersetzung: Josephine Geipel )アパラチア地方の児童と思春期の子供はしばしば逆境的小児期体験にさらされており、アメリカ合衆国の他の地域に住む若者と比べて、重度の落ち込み、不安、攻撃性を持っている可能性がある。本稿ではアパラチア地方の若者とのユニークな試みについて、またラップ音楽が好みのジャンルとして予期せぬ普及をしたことについて要約されている。ラップ音楽はオハイオ州、アパラチアン地方の若者に好まれるジャンルであり、この地域の若者は、ラップによくあるテーマの社会批判、社会的地位の向上、人道的な価値、消極的行動の批判などを同一視していることが多い。音楽療法セッションで行われたこの方法は成功したが、担当した白人音楽療法士は内面的な葛藤を経験した。というのは、ヒップホップカルチャーを元来持たないクライアントに対してラップ音楽を使用したことによる文化的妥当性に関して疑問があったからだ。考察では療法的な応用、療法士による内省とスーパービジョンの過程、適正の可能性、と個人的な成果について述べられている。 Children and adolescents in Appalachia are often exposed to Adverse Childhood Experiences and may have higher levels of depression, anxiety, and aggression than youth in other areas of the United States. The unique challenges of working with youth in Appalachia and the unexpected prevalence of rap as a preferred genre are summarized in this article. Rap is a frequently requested genre with youth in Appalachian Ohio and the youth in the area frequently identify with common themes in rap such as social criticism, social empowerment, humanistic values, and negative behavior criticism. Despite success with these methods within music therapy sessions, this Caucasian music therapist has experienced internal conflict due to the potential for cultural appropriation by using rap music in music therapy with clients who are not indigenous to Hip Hop Kulture. Discussion of the implications of therapeutic application, this therapist’s self-reflections and supervision process, potential for appropriation, and personal outcomes are included.I bambini e gli adolescenti dell’Appalachia sono spesso esposti a esperienze infantili avverse, e possono avere più elevati livelli di depressione, ansia e aggressività rispetto ai giovani di altre aree degli Stati Uniti. Le sfide uniche del lavoro coi giovani dell’Appalchia e l\u27inaspettata diffusione del rap come genere preferito sono riassunte in questo articolo. Il Rap è un genere spesso richiesto dai giovani appalachiani dell’Ohio, e la gioventù della zona si identifica frequentemente con i temi comuni a rap quali critica sociale, emancipazione sociale, valori umanistici, e la critica del comportamento negativo. Nonostante il successo di questi metodi nell\u27ambito sessioni di musicoterapia, questo musicoterapista caucasico ha sperimentato un conflitto interno a causa del potenziale di appropriazione culturale, utilizzando la musica rap in musicoterapia con i clienti che non sono propensi all’Hip Hop Kulture. Sono incluse la discussione sulle implicazioni dell\u27applicazione terapeutica, le riflessioni e il processo di supervisione di questo terapista, il potenziale per l\u27appropriazione e i risultati personali. (Traduzione di Claudio Cominardi)Les enfants et les adolescents des Appalaches sont souvent exposés à des expériences défavorables dans leur enfance et peuvent présenter des niveaux de dépression, d’anxiété et d’agression plus élevés que les jeunes d’autres régions des États-Unis. Cet article résume les défis uniques du travail avec les jeunes des Appalaches et la prédominance inattendue du rap comme genre préféré. Le rap est un genre fréquemment demandé par les jeunes de l\u27Ohio appalachien et les jeunes de la région s\u27identifient souvent à des thèmes communs du rap tels que la critique sociale, l\u27autonomisation sociale, les valeurs humanistes et la critique de comportement négatif. Malgré le succès de ces méthodes au cours de séances de musicothérapie, ce musicothérapeute caucasien a connu des conflits internes en raison du potentiel d’appropriation culturelle résultant de l’utilisation de la musique rap en musicothérapie avec des clients non autochtones du hip-hop culture. Une discussion sur les implications de l’application thérapeutique, la réflexion sur soi-même et le processus de supervision de ce thérapeute, son potentiel d’appropriation et ses résultats personnels sont également incluses. 
Decriminalisation of Drug Use – The Outlook for Reform in Norway
Get PDFThe article gives an overview on the outlook for a Norwegian drug policy reform. It discusses whether a statement by a majority group in the Parliament might lead to full decriminalisation of drug use and possession of small quantities for own use. It also looks at the moral and sociological background for the drive for a change of the current legal regulation of drug use