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La fanfiction et le FLE : une manière d’enrichir l’enseignement de la littérature à l’Université ?
No full textThe article presents a project where the concept of fanfiction is introduced in a Francophone literature course taught at Dalarna University (Sweden). The project presented in this study is based on the idea of online communities as an informal learning environment. The corpus consists of material gathered during four semesters, when the fanfiction project was introduced as a course assignment to undergraduate students of contemporary Francophone literature. The results indicate that the use of fanfiction in the University’s formalized learning environment creates some challenges. For instance, the fundamental online principle of anonymity and the use of English as the lingua franca of web-based communities cannot be easily transferred to an academic course where French is the target language – and where the students’ achievements must be assessed and graded by the teacher at the end of the term.
Nonetheless, the overall conclusion of the project is positive. In order to write a fanfiction story based on an existing literary work, the students had to appropriate the original oeuvre; in the sense of incorporating it and making it their own. The work process was partly based on the principle of interaction. Thus, a collaborative learning environment was created, where students constructed knowledge and negotiated meaning together – a type of learning very much rooted in the sociocultural tradition.
 
Teatervitenskap. Teaterhistorie og forestillingsanalyse: En beskrivelse av utviklingen av studiet ved Universitetet i Bergen
Get PDFThis article gives an insight into the beginnings and developments of the department of Theatre Studies at the Unviersity of Bergen. Looking back at its 50 years of existence as a subject at the University, professor Tor Trolie charts the changing paradigms of Theatre Studies in Bergen and its relationship to the theatre and performing arts.This article gives an insight into the beginnings and developments of the department of Theatre Studies at the Unviersity of Bergen. Looking back at its 50 years of existence as a subject at the University, professor Tor Trolie charts the changing paradigms of Theatre Studies in Bergen and its relationship to the theatre and performing arts
Hvordan påvirker veilederutdanningene utøvelse av veilederrollen? En analyse av forventninger uttrykt i styringsdokumenter, forskning og faglitteratur
Get PDFFokuset i denne artikkelen er på veiledere for lærerstudenter og nyutdannede lærere. Formålet med artikkelen er å belyse hvilke forventninger som rettes mot veilederutdanningens påvirkning på utøvelse av veilederrollen slik dette kommer til uttrykk i faglitteratur, forskning og styringsdokumenter. Analysene viser at forventninger om at en veileder skal være lyttende og innta rollen som kritisk venn står sterkt i faglitteraturen som brukes i veilederutdanningene og i forskning. Det er imidlertid også forskning som nyanserer bildet og hvor roller som eksempelvis guidende, vurderende og modellerende tilnærminger trekkes frem som fordelaktig. I styringsdokumentene som analyseres, fremmes ulike forventninger. I retningslinjer for skolering av veiledere fremmes forventninger om at veileder skal være lyttende og innta rollen som kritisk venn tydelig, men det åpnes også for en mer mangefasettert veilederrolle. De undersøkte stortingsmeldingene karakteriseres av formuleringer som åpner for ulike veilederroller, mens undersøkte utredninger bestilt av Kunnskapsdepartementet vektlegger rollen som lytter og kritisk venn. I lys av funnene diskuteres implikasjoner for veiledning i praksis og for skolering av veiledere
Underground: A filmic exploration of "migrant illegality" in Copenhagen
No full textAli came to Denmark in 2011 to seek asylum. After two and a half years in asylum camps his case was rejected, and since then he has lived \u27underground\u27 as undocumented migrant in Copenhagen. The film explores Ali\u27s experience of life as \u27illegal migrant’ in Denmark. It deals with the conditions of ‘rightlessness’ and ‘deportability’ and how these conditions influence Ali’s general experience of time, place and belonging. Because of the threat of deportation Ali\u27s face and identity is not shown in the film, and the story is carried by Ali\u27s voice and images of Copenhagen city.
 
Cartas privadas y actitudes lingüísticas en España y América durante los siglos XVIII y XIX. Algunos problemas en el modo de acceso al objeto de estudio
No full textTogether with an oral manifestation put into practice by tradition since birth, necessity drove ordinary people to develop the ability to speak with an absence of the self, the you and the communicative situation. Initially, it was the emigration to America, promoted by the miseries of a decadent homeland, which contributed to the development of a textual genre of urgency, without literary retensions, which in later years became a sign of good education on the part of those using it. With this work, we review the methodological pitfalls that are hidden when accessing this type of object. We analyse the difficulties that might be found by researchers when facing these documents from a philological point of view and from the sociolinguistic view of the attitudes of the speakers—both implicit and explicit. The concept of “discursive tradition” will act as a methodological moderator and will allow the construction of a bridge between diachronic Sociolinguistics and Language History in the recovery of oral remains from the speech of the 18th and 19th centuries in Spain and America
La littérature à l\u27épreuve du réel : les jeux de Pascal Quignard avec les Lettres
No full textThe novel Les Larmes, by French writer Pascal Quignard, takes place in the ninth century, two twin brothers make totally different choices of life. Hartnid is always on the go. His twin, Nithard, is a pure scholar. His life is devoted to language. It is precisely his involment in language that allows him to write something that was never written before. He writes the Serments de Strasbourg (English: Oaths of Strasbourg, Latin: Sacramenta Argentariae) in 842, first written marks of a language that will become the French language.
This novel offers a unique opportunity to sketch a thought on the ability of literature to speak about our relationship to reality.
The first part of the article questions the gesture of the novelist who acts on himself and on reality when writing, he really tries to change the world.
The second part of the article studies the notion of realism and shows how Quignard finds a place in the history of literature that, today, stays away from realism, but, maybe, in order to better track down reality.
Finally, in order to grasp the specificity of the Works of Quignard, my interest in the aesthetic of Les Larmes is threefold: its complex structure, the fascination for origin that it shows and, the question of identity and splitting with the twin brothers Hartnid and Nithard.
The article concludes on the ability of artists to anticipate in their creations and, in advance, to tell about events that will occur in the future. 
Les âges de George Sand
No full textThe article discusses ageing and old age in three of George Sand’s texts: Indiana (1832), La Mare au diable (1846) and the first part of the novel Consuelo (1842). I use the first two parts of Pat Thane’s subdivision of age into a corporal, a cultural and a chronological component.
In Sand’s fiction, the ageing female body withers, while the male body is worn. There are various reasons behind the decline. If the characters age of worries and trouble, the process can be reversed, and the persons can regain youth – at least partly – when the troubles go away.
In a cultural perspective, the living conditions vary substantially between classes, specifically if the characters need to work for their living or not. Among peasants and workers, the tolerance for the age gap between spouses is narrower than in the bourgeoisie. The former risk to encounter poverty and need if the husband grows old sooner than the wife, while an elderly man of the bourgeoisie can marry a young woman in order to preserve her social status.
In both classes, characters considered as old, while wise and experienced, do not longer interest anyone. Death is their future, and they ridicule themselves if they initiate long-term projects. Another stereotype, the old fool, appears as well, but in the case of Madame Carjaval, it is a role she plays to protect her niece.
Many of the attitudes towards old people still exist today. The main difference vis-à-vis George Sand’s time is that, due to the development of longevity, old age arrives to people later now than in the 19th century
Rousseau et Diderot, deux postures de légitimation face à l\u27espace public
No full textThe quarrel between Rousseau and Diderot – these inseparable friends only to become enemies – constitutes a legendary topos of philosophical breaks-ups over-shadowed by wicked slander. If Rousseau’s famous Letter to d’Alembert in 1758 traces his growing disagreement with the inner circle of encyclopaedists, further confrontations seem lost in mean accusations that discredit both sides. However, when digging a little deeper in the texts on both sides, it is not only possible to reconstruct different views about philosopher’s morality, but also to relate to the complex nature that characterised the public sphere in eighteenth century France.
The purpose of this paper is exactly to examine the respective positions of Rousseau and Diderot as distorted voices in a society, in which the public sphere was actually more private than public. The first part of the study draws on the German philosopher Jürgen Habermas’ seminal work on the transformation that affected the public sphere along European bourgeois countries in quite different ways during the eighteenth century. French salon culture and its essentially private spaces urged Rousseau and Diderot to invent original writing strategies in order to justify themselves. The second and major part of the paper, accordingly aims at analysing their literary choices, Rousseau in reinventing the autobiographical approach, Diderot by writing on the Roman stoic philosopher Seneca. Both philosophers are extremely aware of the need to protect their philosophical legacy and, in doing so, each is eventually playing the role of the contra-model of the other when facing the question of moral and intellectual integrity.
 
Queer as a Bell: Music and the Psychotherapeutic Relationship
No full textMusical co-creation between the client and the therapist can be used as a means of skewing the dominant paradigms of the historically hierarchal psychotherapeutic relationship. This process, known as queering, opens the possibility for new ways of being in therapy space that may support empowerment of both the client and the therapist. Music engagement contributes to an intersubjective dynamic where the therapist\u27s material may enter the session space more vulnerably and authentically than through a purely verbal process. When viewed critically through a queered perspective, this intersubjectivity may allow for a decrease in the power differential traditionally associated with the client–therapist dyad. In this article, a queer theoretical perspective is used to examine the unique role music and creativity play in this therapeutic relationship. Current queer, linguistic, and creative arts therapy theory are examined to support the hypothesis.Queer* come una campana: musica e relazione psicoterapica
I metodi psicoterapici tradizionali si concentrano sulle interazioni verbali per costruire la relazione terapeutica e promuoverne il processo. L\u27uso delle parole in terapia consente chiarezza di comunicazione e precisione del significato. Tuttavia, mentre la semiotica delle parole offre una maggiore precisione, è anche più limitata nell\u27interpretazione rispetto ai processi creativi.
Al contrario, la semiotica della musica consente una maggiore ambiguità, fluidità e gamma di espressioni, rispecchiando i concetti orientati al continuum della teoria queer. Inoltre, le espressioni musicali condivise tra terapeuta e cliente sono intrinsecamente intersoggettive, permettendo così una diminuzione del differenziale di potere tradizionalmente associato alla diade cliente-terapeuta. In questo articolo, verrà utilizzata una prospettiva teorica queer per esaminare il ruolo unico che la musica e la creatività svolgono in una tale relazione terapeutica. L\u27attuale teoria queer dell’arteterapia creativa e linguistica, sarà qui esaminata per supportare l\u27ipotesi.
* Socialmente eccentrico rispetto alle definizioni di normalità codificate dalla cultura dominante, anche in riferimento all’orientamento sessuale e all’identità di genere.
Traduzione di Claudio Cominard
Proposed Mechanisms of Change in Arts-based Psychotherapies
No full textMeccanismi di cambiamento proposti nelle psicoterapie basate sulle arti
L\u27efficacia dei metodi di psicoterapia basati sulle arti può contare sull\u27offerta di strumenti per l\u27elaborazione implicita preverbale, soprattutto nel lavoro con i clienti traumatizzati. Questo può migliorare le capacità auto-rilassanti dei clienti, attivare esperienze di flusso in linea con la psicologia positiva, e cambiare i modelli di lavoro interno attraverso il riconsolidamento della memoria. Le psicoterapie basate sulle arti offrono una maggiore espansione di Finestre di Tolleranza attraverso la doppia consapevolezza, e concretizzano il ruolo dello psicoterapeuta nella relazione terapeutica in linea con la psicoterapia psicodinamica. Questi metodi attivano l\u27innata capacità umana di esprimere e sperimentare la creatività, tra cui bellezza e stordimento. Le arti in terapia offrono uno spazio di gioco creativo in cui una nuova realtà può essere costruita e condivisa. Gli interventi sono proposti per offrire qualcosa di più di una semplice ristrutturazione cognitiva e attivazione del comportamento (anche se possono portare a ulteriori modifiche in questi parametri). L\u27utilità clinica dei metodi basati sulle arti, si riflette in relazione alle opinioni dei clienti traumatizzati su ciò che li ha aiutati. I meccanismi potenzialmente efficaci nelle psicoterapie basate sulle arti dovrebbero essere ulteriormente studiati nei processi clinici di lavoro e di ricerca, promuovendo così la capacità dei metodi per migliorare il benessere dei clienti e la capacità di cambiamento.Elenco delle abbreviazioni: ASC, alterato stato di coscienza; AT, terapia artistica; BMGIM Metodo Bonny di immagini guidate e musica; CBT, Terapia comportamentale cognitiva; DMN, Rete in modalità predefinita; EMDR, Desensibilizzazione del movimento oculare e ritrattamento; AMT, musicoterapia attiva; MT, Musicoterapia; PDT, Psicoterapia psicodinamica; PTSD, Disturbo da stress post-traumatico; RCT, Studio controllato randomizzato; RMT, Musicoterapia ricettiva; GrpMI Gruppo Musica e Immagini; WoT, Finestra di tolleranza.
Traduzione di Claudio CominardiMécanismes de Changement Proposés Dans les Psychothérapies Basées sur les Arts
L\u27efficacité des méthodes de psychothérapie basées sur les arts peut reposer sur l\u27offre d\u27outils pour le traitement implicite préverbal, en particulier dans le travail avec des clients traumatisés. Cela peut améliorer les capacités d’auto-apaisement des clients, activer des expériences de flux conformes à la psychologie positive et modifier les modèles de travail internes par le biais de la reconsolidation de la mémoire. Les psychothérapies basées sur les arts offrent des fenêtres de tolérance étendues à travers une double conscience et concrétisent les soins du psychothérapeute dans la relation thérapeutique, en ligne avec la psychothérapie psychodynamique. Ces méthodes activent la capacité innée de l\u27homme à exprimer et à expérimenter la créativité, y compris la beauté et la crainte. Les arts en thérapie offrent un espace de jeu créatif où une nouvelle réalité peut être construite et partagée. Il est proposé que les interventions offrent plus qu\u27une simple restructuration cognitive et une activation du comportement (bien qu\u27elles puissent conduire à des modifications supplémentaires de ces paramètres). L’utilité clinique des méthodes artistiques se reflète dans les opinions des clients traumatisés sur ce qui les a aidés. Les mécanismes potentiellement efficaces dans les psychothérapies basées sur les arts devraient être approfondis dans le travail clinique et les processus de recherche, afin de promouvoir les capacités des méthodes pour améliorer le bien-être des clients et leur capacité de changement.Liste des abréviations: État de conscience modifié de l\u27ASC; En art thérapie; BMGIM Bonny Méthode d\u27imagerie et de musique guidées; Thérapie cognitivo-comportementale CBT; Réseau en mode par défaut DMN; Désensibilisation et retraitement des mouvements oculaires EMDR; AMT musicothérapie active; MT musicothérapie; PDT psychodynamique psychothérapie; Trouble de stress post-traumatique lié au SSPT; Essai contrôlé randomisé par ECR; Musicothérapie réceptive au RMT; GrpMI Imagerie et Musique en Groupe; Fenêtre de tolérance WoT.
Traduit par Danielle JakubiakWirkmechanismen künstlerisch-therapeutischer Veränderung – ein Vorschlag
Die Wirksamkeit künstlerischer Psychotherapiemethoden kann sich auf Instrumente zur präverbalen impliziten Verarbeitung stützen, insbesondere in der Arbeit mit traumatisierten Klienten. Diese können die „Selbstberuhigungsfähigkeit“ der Klienten verbessern, Flow-Erfahrungen im Sinne einer positiven Psychologie aktivieren und innere Arbeitsmodelle durch Gedächtniskonsolidierung verändern. Die künstlerischen Psychotherapien bieten erweiterte Toleranzfenster durch duale Wahrnehmung und konkretisieren die Zuwendung des*der Psychotherapeut*in in der therapeutischen Beziehung im Einklang mit der psychodynamischen Psychotherapie. Diese Methoden aktivieren die angeborene menschliche Fähigkeit, Kreativität auszudrücken und zu erleben, einschließlich Schönheit und Ehrfurcht. Die Künste in der Therapie bieten einen kreativen Spielraum, in dem eine neue Realität konstruiert und geteilt werden kann. Die Interventionen sollen mehr bieten als nur kognitive Restrukturierung und Verhaltensaktivierung (obwohl sie zusätzlich zu Veränderungen dieser Parameter führen können). Der klinische Nutzen der künstlerischen Methoden spiegelt sich in der Einschätzung der traumatisierten Klienten über das, was ihnen geholfen hat, wider. Die potenziell wirksamen Mechanismen in der künstlerischen Psychotherapie sollten in der klinischen Arbeit und in Forschungsprozessen weiter untersucht werden, um so das Potential der Methoden zur Steigerung des Wohlbefindens und der Veränderungsfähigkeit der Klienten sichtbar zu machen.
Übersetzung: Josephine GeipelThe effectiveness of the arts-based psychotherapy methods may rely on offering tools for preverbal implicit processing, especially in work with traumatized clients. This can enhance clients’ self-soothing capacities, activate flow experiences in line with positive psychology, and change inner working models through memory reconsolidation. The arts-based psychotherapies offer expanded Windows of Tolerance through dual awareness, and concretizes the psychotherapist’s care in the therapeutic relationship, in line with psychodynamic psychotherapy. These methods activate the innate human ability to express and experience creativity, including beauty and awe. The arts in therapy offer a creative space of play where a new reality may be constructed and shared. The interventions are proposed to offer more than plain cognitive restructuring and behaviour activation (although they may lead to additional changes in these parameters). The clinical usefulness of the arts-based methods is reflected in relation to traumatized clients’ opinions of what has helped them. The potentially effective mechanisms in the arts-based psychotherapies ought to be further investigated in clinical work and research processes, thus, promoting the methods’ abilities to enhance clients’ well-being and change capability.
List of abbreviations: ASC altered state of consciousness; AT art therapy; BMGIM Bonny Method of Guided Imagery and Music; CBT cognitive behavioural therapy; DMN default mode network; EMDR Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing; AMT active music therapy; MT music therapy; PDT psychodynamic psychotherapy; PTSD posttraumatic stress disorder; RCT randomised controlled trial; RMT receptive music therapy; GrpMI Group Music and Imagery; WoT window of toleranc