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Kulturel kapital og social differentiering: Hvad Bourdieus begreb kulturel kapital kan bidrage med i en diskussion af effekter af en ulige fordeling af goder
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Kulturel kapital og social differentiering. Artiklen udgør optegnelserne til en forelæsning på Socialforskningsinstituttets konference 6.-7. oktober 1994.
Indledningsvis kommenteres selve konferencens problemtilling: Hvad den samfundsvidenskabelige forskning kan tilbyde når det gælder at begrebsliggøre systematiske sociale, kulturelle og økonomiske forskelle i befolkningens livsvilkår. Mere konkret: Hvad Bourdieus begreb kulturel kapital kan bidrage med i en diskussion af effekter af en ulige fordeling af goder. Begrebet "forskelle" fremhæves indledningsvis som problematisk fordi man udsætter sig for en indbygget orientering mod tanken om at man i det mindste kan tænke sig en befolkning uden systematiske forskelle i livsvilkår mellem grupperne.
Begrebet "kulturel kapital" resumeres og diskuteres, og der relateres til en skriftløs etnisk gruppering i Vestafrika (Ballanta i Guinea-Bissau) uden en central politisk overhøjhed som holdes sammen af en magt som i sidste instans er forlagt til den usynlige del af den samlede gruppe af deltagere, en forfaderskult. Vores politiske tænkning har siden den engelske, den amerikanske og den franske revolution opereret med modeller hvor bæreren af et politisk herredømme i sidste instans er de sig imellem ligestillede medborgere i forening. En sådan forestilling udgør en ideologisk konstruktion på lige fod med forfaderstroen.
Bourdieus forståelse af begrebet "kultur" indebærer ikke kultur stillet mod natur, men kultur som den side af den menneskelige virksomhed som er symbolsk. Der perspektiveres til andre forståelser af især "kapital" og "økonomi", og det konstateres at den økonomiske økonomi i moderne samfund har sine egne forfaderskulter, det vil sige sine egne symbolske strukturer som på en særegen måde organiserer miskendelsen af udenoms-økonomiske interesser, på samme måde som primitive symbolske strukturer organiserer miskendelsen af økonomiske interesser.
I skole antages det at præstationerne afhænger af arbejdsomhed og evner, men de afhænger snarere af dispositioner hvis erhvervelse er stærkt forbundet med den enkeltes biologiske egenskaber og første opvækstvilkår, og forudsætter ikke nødvendigvis en bevidst indprentning. Det gør at sammenblandingen af arv og præstation okkulteres. Erhvervelsens distinktive kendetegn tenderer mod at være vældigt upåfaldende og tilsyneladende uvæsentlige karakteristika som for eksempel en accent i sproget eller en måde at gå på; karakteristika omfattet af begrebet kulturel kapital"
Banning og verbale uttrykk øker smertetoleransen
Get PDFFormålet med studien var å undersøke om banning og verbale uttrykk påvirker smertetoleransen. Kandidatene besto av elever fra vg1-vg3 på x videregående skole. Studien målte hvor lenge kandidatene kunne holde hånden sin nedsenket i isvann. Kandidatene ble instruert med ulike betingelser under forsøket, da de enten måtte være stille, bruke nøytralt språk eller fikk utnytte banneord og tabubelagte uttrykk. Resultatene viser en gjennomsnittstid på 221 sekunder i gruppen som måtte være stille, 338 sekunder i gruppen som fikk snakke og 492 sekunder i gruppen som fikk banne. Forskjellen mellom gruppene var statistisk signifikante, og dermed indikere studien at verbale uttrykk og banning øker smertetoleransen ved termisk stimuli hos kandidatene. Derimot fant studien ikke noen korrelasjon mellom hvor ofte kandidatene bannet til vanlig, og hvor lang tid de presterte å holde ut under forsøket
The Village Resists
No full textBeing the second film of the We Must Be Dreaming trilogy, the film The Village Resists takes a deeper dive into how the Indigenous community of Rio de Janeiro served as the frontline of resistance against the economic pressure of the World Cup and Olympic Games in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil in 2014 and 2016. In observational style, the film follows the daily struggles of the community against the approaching spectacles, suggesting how the decade of sports euphoria gradually brought back a not so distant colonial/dictatorial past to Brazil. Being the result of a collaboration with the Indigenous community of Rio de Janeiro since 2012, this film offers contact points with the film We Must Be Dreaming (BE, 2016, 61’), but can and is at best be seen as independent of it. 
Ecology of a Two-barred Crossbill (Loxia leucoptera) irruption to Norway in 2019–20: altitudinal migration and interspecific habitat differences
Get PDFCover photo: A male Two-barred Crossbill (Loxia leucoptera). Photo: Frode Falkenberg.
Two-barred Crossbills (Loxia leucoptera) have cyclic irruptions to Norway, but are generally uncommon and breeding is rare. Here I analyse data on a large irruption occurring in 2019–20 to assess the magnitude of the irruption and the ecological niche of the species. The irruption lasted one year, starting in July 2019 and ending in June 2020. Total numbers reported by birdwatchers to the website of the National Biodiversity Information Centre in Norway were ca. 7,000 individuals. Breeding indications were reported from nearly 100 sites. Analyses of elevation of records indicated that birds were often seen at low elevations before the breeding season in February–June, but moved to higher elevations during the breeding season. In a focal study area in SE Norway, breeding season surveys along elevational gradients indicated that Two-barred Crossbills occurred at higher elevations, and often close to summits of hills, perhaps representing preferences for more open forest habitats. Two-barred Crossbills often co-occurred with other seed-eating bird species, but presence was more closely related to numbers of Common Redpoll (Acanthis flammea), than to Eurasian Siskin (Spinus spinus) or cogeneric Common Crossbill (L. curvirostra). Similarly, the Common Redpoll also increased strongly in abundance with elevation, whereas the other two species did so to a lesser degree. These data suggest that the Two-barred Crossbill favors montane forests during the breeding season, and thereby has a different niche than the Common Crossbill which is distributed more widely across all elevations
探索使用嘻哈音乐治疗解决寻求庇护者和孤身未成年移民青年的创伤
No full text全球有许多年轻的寻求庇护者和举目无亲的未成年移民。一项全面的文献综述显示，创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）是影响寻求庇护青少年和移民未成年人群的最常见的障碍。这些人中的许多人都在与创伤后应激障碍作斗争，在日常生活中的学习、探索和生存中表现出韧性。因此，针对他们的治疗干预必须是创伤知情、分阶段、吸引人的、有自主权且强有力的，才能支持这些年轻人的需求。在对西班牙寻求庇护的年轻人进行了为期七个月的音乐治疗干预中发现，最有效的干预工具是嘻哈音乐治疗相关的干预。这项研究产生了一种新的干预模式，即整体嘻哈方法论（The Integral Hip Hop Methodology）。本文强调了干预模式的重要性，即干预模式应具有吸引力，同时考虑到受访人群的需求和偏好，并以整体嘻哈方法论为参考。Ci sono numerosi giovani richiedenti asilo e minori migranti non accompagnati in tutto il mondo. Una revisione completa della letteratura ha rivelato che il disturbo post traumatico da stress (PTSD), è il disturbo più comune che colpisce i giovani richiedenti asilo e le popolazioni di minori migranti. Molti di questi individui lottano con il disturbo da stress post-traumatico e mostrano resilienza nella loro vita quotidiana mentre imparano, scoprono e sopravvivono. Di conseguenza, gli interventi terapeutici diretti a loro devono essere informati sul trauma, nonché graduali, coinvolgenti, responsabilizzanti e di impatto per supportare i bisogni di questi giovani. Un\u27esperienza di intervento musicoterapico di sette mesi che applicata a giovani richiedenti asilo in Spagna, ha scoperto che gli strumenti di intervento più efficaci erano gli interventi terapeutici relativi alla musica Hip Hop. Questo studio ha portato a un nuovo modello di intervento, The Integral Hip Hop Methodology. L’articolo sottolinea l\u27importanza che i modelli di intervento siano coinvolgenti e rispettosi delle necessità e delle preferenze della popolazione interessata, e presenta come esempio la Integral Hip Hop Methodology.There are numerous young asylum seekers and unaccompanied migrant minors around the globe. A comprehensive literature review revealed that post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is the most common disorder that affects the asylum seeker youth and migrant minor populations. Many of these individuals struggle with PTSD and show resilience in their daily lives while also learning, discovering, and surviving. Accordingly, therapeutic interventions directed to them must be trauma-informed, phased, engaging, empowering, and impactful to support the needs of these young people. A seven-month-long music therapy intervention experience that was applied to young asylum seekers in Spain, and found that the most effective intervention tools were Hip Hop Therapy-related interventions. This study resulted in a new intervention model, The Integral Hip Hop Methodology. This paper highlights the importance that intervention models be engaging and considerate to the necessities and preferences of the addressed population and presents The Integral Hip Hop Methodology as an example.
Japanese abstract:
亡命希望者や同伴者のいない未成年移民の若者のトラウマに対処するための
ヒップホップをベースとした音楽療法の可能性について
サリフ グルベイ
要約
世界中に、多くの若い亡命希望者や同伴者のいない移民が存在する。包括的文献のレビューによれば、心的外傷後ストレス障害（PTSD）が亡命希望者の若者と未成年の移民に影響を与える最も一般的な疾患であることが明らかになった。彼らの多くはPTSDに苦しみながらも、日々の生活の中で、レジリエンスを発揮しながら何かを学び、発見しながら生き抜いている。したがって、彼らに対する治療的介入は、これら若者のニーズをサポートするためにトラウマを考慮し、段階を追え、興味を引き、力を与えるようなインパクトのあるものであることが必要だった。
スペインの亡命希望の若者に7か月間音楽療法の介入をしたところ、最も効果的な介入ツールはヒップホップ関連の介入であることがわかった。この研究から新しい介入モデル、「統合的ヒップホップ法（インテグラル ヒップホップ メソード）」が生まれた。本稿では、介入モデルが対象となる人々の必要性や嗜好を考慮し魅力的なものであることの重要性を強調しており、その一例として「統合的ヒップホップ法」を紹介しています。
キーワード：トラウマ、ヒップホップ、亡命希望者、若者Hay numerosos solicitantes de asilo jóvenes y menores migrantes no acompañados en todo el mundo. Una revisión exhaustiva de la literatura reveló que el trastorno de estrés postraumático (TEPT) es el trastorno más común que afecta a los jóvenes solicitantes de asilo y a las poblaciones menores migrantes.
Muchas de estas personas luchan contra el trastorno de estrés postraumático y muestran resiliencia en su vida diaria al mismo tiempo que aprenden, descubren y sobreviven. En consecuencia, las intervenciones terapéuticas dirigidas a ellos deben estar informadas sobre el trauma, ser escalonadas, participar, empoderar e impactar para apoyar las necesidades de estos jóvenes. Una experiencia de intervención de musicoterapia de siete meses de duración que se aplicó a jóvenes solicitantes de asilo en España y descubrió que las herramientas de intervención más efectivas eran las intervenciones relacionadas con la Terapia de Hip Hop. Este estudio resultó en un nuevo modelo de intervención, la Metodología Integral Hip Hop. Este artículo destaca la importancia de que los modelos de intervención sean atractivos y considerados con las necesidades y preferencias de la población a la que se dirige y presenta la Metodología Integral Hip Hop como ejemplo
Black Aesthetic/s as divine lover of No End In Sight: the progenitors of world altering resiliency
No full textAbstract
Diese künstlerische Antwort stellt die Schwarze Ästhetische Alchemie als Quelle radikaler Heilung und Befreiung in den Mittelpunkt. Die Autorin erkennt die brutale Belastung durch ein weißes, rassistisches Kastensystem und verortet Resilienz als eine r/evolutionäre spirituelle Eigenschaft und angeborene kulturelle Praxis. Schwarzes Leben und Schwarze Heiligkeit wird durch intime Akte der Ortsbestimmung, Rückgewinnung und Schöpfung erforscht. This artistic response centers Black aesthetical alchemy as a source of radical healing and liberation. Recognizing the brutal strain of a white supremacist caste system, the author situates resilience as a r/evolutionary spiritual trait and innate cultural praxis. Black life and wholeness is explored through intimate acts of place-making, reclamation, and creation
Prepositional phraseological patterns in Czech and English: Towards a contrastive study resource
No full textThis pilot study aims to identify differences in native and non-native phraseologies, focussing on prepositional patterns. Previous research suggests L2 users’ limited phraseological choices may hinder the accuracy of their language production, and prepositions can pose a particular challenge to Czech learners of English, given the lack of correspondence between translation equivalents. Further, prepositional patterns contribute to text structuring, making them an important part of learners´ competence. Using representative corpora of English and Czech, 3- to 5-grams containing the equivalent preposition pair in/v are extracted. The identified patterns are classified by their semantics and textual functions. While in/v patterns mostly fulfil corresponding functions in the languages compared, the distribution of these functions differs. Specifically, some pattern types are only found in English, highlighting its analytic nature as opposed to inflectional Czech
...In Between...
No full textOmid is a 15 years old refugee from Afghanistan. He and his family escaped persecution in their homeland and started their trip to Western Europe. They managed to reach Greece, but in the summer of 2016 the borders closed. His family was split. Now he lives in a refugee camp in Athens with his mother and sisters waiting for the family reunification decision. A short film about a young refugee, trying to come to terms with the liminality of the waiting status in a refugee camp in Greece. 
Stereotype
No full textThis film experiments with documentary narrations about judgments as a widespread phenomenon. Projecting the gap between the subjectivity of prejudices and the object of judgment, as stereotypes imposed on the body