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Pacific Southwest Water Plan August 1963
No full textDocument: "Pacific Southwest Water Plan- Corrected to 8/19" Table of Contents, August 19, 1964, page viTable
No. Page
16 Pacific Southwest Water Plan - Estimated Water Supply IV-9
16A Estimate of Colorado River Water Available for Use in the Pacific Southwest at or below Hoover Dam IV-11
17 Pacific Southwest Area - Present and Planned Generating Capacity V-2
18 Future Power Requirements V-3
19 Pacific Southwest Water Plan - Estimated Construction Cost VI-2
20 Control Schedule Pacific Southwest Water Plan VI-3
21 Alternative Plans for Conservation and Conveyance of 1,200,000 a.f. Additional Water Annually to Southern California VI-9
22 Average Annual Benefits Developed by the Pacific Southwest Water Plan by Project and Function - 100-year Period of Analysis at 3 Percent Interest VII-2
23 Average Annual Costs of the Pacific Southwest Water Plan - 100-year Period of Analysis at 3 Percent Interest VII-7
24 Assignment of Annual Equivalent Costs Based on a 100-year Period of Analysis at 3 Percent Interest VII-8 & 8a
25 Summary of Repayment Analysis Pacific Southwest Water Plan VII-10
26 Composite Payout Study Pacific Southwest Water Plan VII-12
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Pacific Southwest Water Plan August 1963
No full textDocument: "Pacific Southwest Water Plan- Corrected to 8/19" Chapter I, August 19, 1964, page 1CHAPTER I
THE PACIFIC SOUTHWEST
Southern California and the Lower Colorado River Basin depend either partially or totally upon the flows of the Colorado River and its tributaries for their water supplies. This report, therefore, treats these adjoining geographic areas, having common water-supply problems and needs, as a single region termed "the Pacific Southwest."
For the purposes of this report, the Pacific Southwest is defined as the Colorado River drainage basin, downstream from Lee Ferry to the Mexican border, plus the southern portion of California, bounded on the north by the Santa Barbara County line and the Tehachapi Mountains, and on the west by the Sierra Nevada Mountains northward to, and including, Mono County. It includes southern California, most of the State of Arizona, the southern portions of Nevada and Utah, and a portion of western New Mexico. Within this region are the metropolitan centers of Los Angeles, San Diego, Phoenix, Tucson, and Las Vegas, which are among the fastest growing cities of the United States. The area has become one of the most dynamic sectors of the growing national economy. The Pacific Southwest also includes the highly productive agricultural areas of the Imperial, Coachella, Palo Verde, and coastal valleys of southern California, the fertile irrigated desert valleys of central Arizona, and the rich agricultural lands along the lower reaches of the Colorado River. All of these areas are major centers for the production of winter vegetables and specialty crops which are shipped throughout the United States.
It is the most critically water-short region of the Nation, and its future growth is dependent on the provision of an adequate water supply.
General Description
The Pacific Southwest is a land of contrast. It includes Mount Whitney and Death Valley; brown deserts and green forests; and record heat and severe cold.
The area, as defined in this report, contains about 190,000 square miles and includes portions of three major physiographic divisions; the Coastal Ranges, the Colorado Plateaus, and the Basin and Range provinces.
Southern California--Southern California is a region of extreme topographic and climatic diversity, including areas within both the Coastal Ranges and Basin and Range provinces. Within the Coastal Ranges province, with its equable year-round climate, have developed
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Pacific Southwest Water Plan August 1963
No full textDocument: "Pacific Southwest Water Plan- Corrected to 8/19" Chapter II, August 19, 1964, page 7New Mexico--The Court accepted a New Mexico-Arizona compromise settlement by which New Mexico agreed to limit the acreage to be irrigated and the water from the Gila River and its tributaries to be put to beneficial consumptive use.
Utah--Utah's only use of water within the Lower Basin is from tributaries the right to which the Court did not adjudicate. Accordingly, Utah's right to expand its present Lower Basin tributary uses is not limited by the Court's decision.
United States--The Court held the United States to be entitled to the beneficial consumptive use of waters of the Colorado River and its tributaries on five Indian Reservations, two Wildlife Refuges, a National Forest, and a National Recreational Area. Consumptive uses of mainstream Colorado River water by the United States are to be charged against the States in which such uses occur.
Summary--The final decree of the Supreme Court will remove that uncertainty which has prevented Congressional consideration of Lower Basin development since 1951. But there is not sufficient water in the Lower Colorado River to provide for the needs of the area it serves. Maximum conservation and utilization of available water is imperative, and there is a compelling necessity to provide additional water from new sources of supply.
The Present Situation
Throughout most of the Pacific Southwest, water supplies which have been inadequate to sustain the acreage developed for irrigation for a number of years have been further burdened by rapidly expanding urban populations. As outlined previously, dependable surface-water sources have been fully developed, often overcommitted, and the ground-water supply has been increasingly utilized beyond its perennial capability.
Southern California--Irrigated areas dependent on the Colorado River in the State of California include the Palo Verde diversions, a portion of the Yuma Project, the All-American Canal diversions to the Coachella and Imperial Valleys, and unauthorized diversions along the main stream. All of these developments are and have been supplied with adequate quantities of water by diversions from the Colorado River.
The coastal valleys of southern California have been supplied with water from local developments, the Owens River Aquduct of the city of Los Angeles, and the Colorado River diversions made through the facilities of the Metropolitan Water District of Southern California. In recent years southern California has been diverting from the Colorado River in excess of 5,500,000 acre-feet
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Pacific Southwest Water Plan August 1963
No full textDocument: "Pacific Southwest Water Plan- Corrected to 8/19" Chapter II, August 19, 1964, page 15The precepts under which the Department of the Interior has historically acted have never encouraged the development of one area to the detriment of another. The diminishing of an existing economy, or the retarded development of another, carries nationwide implications. In the Pacific Southwest, involving portions of five States--each dependent to some extent on the Colorado River--it is incumbent upon the Secretary of the Interior in preparing any plan of regional water development to preserve, protect, and promote the economy and interests of all the affected States. This water plan must consider the full coordination and integration of all possible present and future sources of supply to insure present stabilization and future growth of the Pacific Southwest economy.
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Pacific Southwest Water Plan August 1963
No full textDocument: "Pacific Southwest Water Plan- Corrected to 8/19" Chapter IV, August 19, 1964, page 2Sheet 1 of 2
Table 13
Pacific Southwest Water Plan
Projected Water Uses
Unite: 1,000 a.f.
Item Development Year Present 1975 1990 2000
Depletions--Compact Point to Lake Mead
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Pacific Southwest Water Plan August 1963
No full textDocument: "Pacific Southwest Water Plan- Corrected to 8/19" Chapter IV, August 19, 1964, page 7found where the natural supply is of poor quality or in areas of concentrated reuse. The other category covers closed and semi-closed basin management for quality control.
Improvement of a poor quality water supply is done primarily through desalting. At present this is found only in isolated areas where there is no other water or where the present high cost of the desalting process is competitive with the cost of an alternative source. As mentioned in the section on reuse of available water, technological advances in combination with increased costs of alternative sources are expected to make desalting processes more feasible in the future.
To the lack of quality control in basin management has been attributed the downfall of some of the greatest irrigation economies known to man. Modern engineering has the know-how to provide needed quality control measures. The major problem in accomplishing these measures is convincing the populace of the requirement to act before the water quality has deteriorated. A quality control program with an integrated desalting process can reduce transportaion costs for disposal by concentrating the wastes for export, thus conserving water as a valuable by-product.
Improvement of Watershed Yields--The demand for increasing water yields from watersheds is growing. Research has shown possibilities of higher yields through special management of vegetation and through use of soil sealants. Converting to a vegetative cover that uses less water and improved forest cutting practices are also possibilities for increasing yields.
Any methods used to increase the water yield must also consider the effect on soil stability and other uses of the lands.
Long-range plans for Bureau of Land Management administered public lands call for approximately 856,000 acres of woodland and brushland to be converted to grass. Although naturally rather low in water yield, these lands, when improved, will not only increase the total yield, but will also improve the quality of water as well. More intensive range management also will improve the forage resources of watershed lands.
New Sources of Supply
Beyond the conservation and efficient management of existing water supplies, only two alternative sources appear reasonable for obtaining additional waters to meet future anticipated demands: desalting of sea and brackish water, and importation of waters from water-surplus areas.
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Pacific Southwest Water Plan August 1963
No full textDocument: "Pacific Southwest Water Plan- Corrected to 8/19" Chapter V, August 19, 1964, page 1CHAPTER V
POWER REQUIREMENTS, SOURCES, AND MARKETS
Present Development
Present power developments in the Pacific Southwest market area range from large hydroelectric and fossil fuel-burning plants, serving the metropolitan areas in southern California and south-central Arizona, to local powerplants serving the smaller towns and communities.
The principal supplies of energy in the California portion of the market area are the cities of Los Angeles, Burbank, Glendale, and Pasadena; the Southern California Edison Company, the San Diego Gas and Electric Company; the California Electric Power Company; Imperial Irrigation District; and the Bureau of Reclamation. These agencies operate several hydroelectric plants within or near the market area, in addition to large steamplants located near the load centers. Hoover Dam Powerplant is operated for the Bureau of Reclamation by the city of Los Angeles and the Southern California Edison Company. Parker Dam and Davis Dam Powerplants are operated by the Bureau of Reclamation. Most of the power systems of these agencies are interconnected, but integration of their operations is, in some cases, limited by existing facilities.
In Arizona, the principal agencies generating or distributing electric power are the Salt River Project Agricultural Improvement and Power District; the Arizona Public service Company; the Tucson Gas, Electric Light and Power Company; Citizens Utilities Company; Arizona Electric Power Cooperative; Sulphur Springs Valley Electric Cooperative; Navopache Electric Cooperative; and the Bureau of Indian Affairs. In general, these agencies serve the more densely populated areas in the south-central part of the State. The Bureau of Reclamation, by virtue of the power delivered from Hoover, Davis, and Parker Powerplants, is a large producer of electric energy utilized in the State.
In southern Nevada, Clark and Lincoln Counties and the Atomic Energy Commission's testing facilities in Nye County are supplied from the Nevada Power Company's Clark Steamplant, the Parker-Davis Project, and the Hoover Powerplant. The operating agencies for this area are the Amargosa Valley Cooperative, Inc., the Nevada Power Company, the Lincoln County Power District, the California-Pacific Utilities Company, the Bureau of Reclamation, and the city of Boulder City.
As presented in table 17, the installed generating capacity in the area was about 10,100,000 kilowatts as of June 30, 1961. The
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Pacific Southwest Water Plan August 1963
No full textDocument: "Pacific Southwest Water Plan- Corrected to 8/19" Chapter VII, August 19, 1964, page 7Table 23
Average Annual Costs of the Pacific Southwest Water Plan--100-year Period of Analysis at 3 Percent Interest
Unit: Thousands of Dollars
Project Construction Costs Interest During Construction Total Annual Equivalent Annual OM&R Total Annual Costs
Bridge Canyon 503,868 1Epson Perfection 4870 Photo, 400 dpi, 8 bit, 1,025,990 byte
Pacific Southwest Water Plan August 1963
No full textDocument: "Pacific Southwest Water Plan- Corrected to 8/19" Chapter VII, August 19, 1964, page 10Table 25
Pacific Southwest Water Plan
Summary of Repayment Analysis
Unit: Thousands of Dollars
Project Feature Total Construction Nonreimbursable Reimbursable Irrigation Reimbursable M&I Reimbursable M&I Reimbursable Power Basin Account
Bridge Canyon Project 503,868 49,575 0 0 494,941
Marble Canyon Project 239,335 16,926 71,304 39,134 121,905
Central Arizona Project 503,808 42,285 278,138 190,535 4,384
Desalting Plant, Calif. 37,300 0 0 39,638 0
Water Salvage 9,200 0 9,200 0 0
Ground-water Recovery, Ariz.-Calif. 38,800 0 38,800 0 0
California Aqueduct Increment 474,110 0 0 527,499 0
So. Nev. Water Supply Proj., 1st Stage 42,314 650 0 43,187 0
Dixie Project 44,732 4,479 30,903 2,660 7,128
Indian Irrigation, Ariz.-Calif.-Nev. 50,000 50,000 0 0 0
Other Agencies 10,185 10,185 0 0 0
Central Ariz. Project, Incremental Const. 353,240 0 0 373,467 0
Trinity River Project 150,000 0 0 164,940 0
South Fork Trinity River Project 387,000 0 0 418,815 0
Terminal Storage, Calif. 122,000 0 0 126,614 0
So. Nev. Water Supply Proj., 2nd Stage 14,672 0 0 15,094 0
Water Reclamation, Ariz. 18,000 0 18,000 0 0
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Chapter VIII - Implementation of the Plan
No full textDocument: Chapter VIII, Implementation Of The Plan: "Pacific Southwest Water Plan", August 1963, page 1CHAPTER VIII
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PLAN
The Pacific Southwest Water Plan, as previously outlined in this report, is a comprehensive, coordinated plan formulated to provide for the present and future water needs of this growing region and to prevent conflicts of interest between various areas within the region that are now competing for the inadequate water supplies that are available. The plan includes several major water resource development projects which have been previously investigated independently and which have been determined to be economically justified and, under a basin fund concept, financially feasible.
The Pacific Southwest Water Plan cannot be implemented merely through the individual or collective authorization of the previously investigated projects because present studies indicate that sufficient water cannot be made available from the Colorado River and other local supplies to satisfy tuture needs of this growing region. Should all of the presently planned projects be constructed, the long-range water needs of the region would not be provided for.
The plan envisioned in this report provides not only for the staged construction of a series of water development projects within the Pacific Southwest, but also provides for import of water from areas of surplus, for the desalting of sea water and brackish water, and for the salvage, conservation and reclamation of water within the region. Because of the wide geographic separation of the major areas of need and the various sources of possible supply, the plan contemplates the exchange of water in accordance with need and engineering and financial feasibility.
Implementation of the Pacific Southwest Water Plan will require the adoption of new concepts in the construction, operation, and financing of water resource development projects, new concepts of land and water management, and a new era of cooperation and coordination between the diverse interests involved. This does not imply, however, that construction of presently planned projects should be deferred pending implementation of the plan as a whole. Many of the presently planned projects, such as Central Arizona, Southern Nevada, Dixie, and the water salvage and conservation projects, are needed now to provide for urgent present needs, while other features of the proposed plan are needed to satisfy anticipated future demands. The Pacific Southwest Water Plan provides the framework under which projects to provide for present and future needs may be coordinated and constructed with propentiming. Within this framework, those projects that are urgently needed now should be undertaken immediately, while projects needed to satisfy future demands would be
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