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Chapter VII - Economic and Financial Analysis
No full textDocument: Chapter VII, Economic And Financial Analysis: "Pacific Southwest Water Plan", August 1963, page 4Fish and Wildlife Benefits--Fish and wildlife benefits of considerable value will result from the new reservoirs and water-service facilities proposed under the plan.
A median demand for about 25,000,000 man-days of fishing per year will arise in the State of Arizona during the 100-year period of project analysis. This estimate is based upon the application of current rates of fishing in Southwestern States to a projected population of 10,000,000 in the State of Arizona.
Today Arizona, with a total population of about 1,300,000 people, provides nearly 2,000,000 man-days of fishing. Based directly upon rates of fishing in other Southwestern States, over 3,300,000 man-days of fishing per year would occur immediately if adequate fishing areas existed within day-use distance of the centers of population.
Conditions quite similar to the above also occure within the Pacific Southwest area insofar as it extends into New Mexico, southern California, and other States contiguous to the Lower Colorado River Basin.
Development of the proposed plan could help meet the public demand by providing opportunities for approximately 1,708,300 man-days of fishing. This estimate is based on assumed conditions of intensive fisheries management, optimum public access, and adequate control of conflicting uses such as water-skiing and speedboating.
If 60,000 acre-feet of water were provided annually for fish and wildlife management, as has been requested by the Arizona Game and Fish Department, 2,000,000 man-days of additional fishing could be provided therewith. Additional California and Arizona wildlife management areas would contribute an additional 27,000 man-days of hunting.
It should be pointed out, however, that some losses to fish and wildlife are likely to occur on the Lower Colorado River with channelization and phreatophyte control. These losses probably can be minimized through appropriate project planning and adoption of mitigating measures.
The value of benefits to the fish and wildlife activities is shown in table 22. Greater detail of the fish and wildlife features and costs are contained in the appended report prepared by the Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife.
Recreation Benefits--Outdoor recreation activities benefits other than those to hunting and fishing will also occur from the construction of the works proposed under the plan. The proposed reservoirs would provide an attraction for two major types of recreationists, and these are geographically separated: (1) the extended weekend and summer vacation users who would be primarily attracted to the large reservoirs in the upstream portion of the Lower Basin, and (2) daily and weekend use emanating from the Phoenix
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Chapter VI - The Plan of Development
No full textDocument: Chapter VI, The Plan Of Development: "Pacific Southwest Water Plan", August 1963, page 11The Pacific Southwest Water Plan proposes to obtain the second unit of 1,200,000 acre-feet from the Sequoia and Bell Springs storage reservoir sites on the Lower Eel River. This yield would be pumped and routed through the Middle Fork Eel River System to Clear Lake and Monticello Reservoir, thence to Sacramento River. The Middle Fork Eel River Project, generally provided for by the California State Water Plan, would need to be constructed by the State or Bureau of Reclamation prior to constructing and exporting water from the Lower Eel River reservoirs. The State now has the Middle Fork Eel River Project tentatively programed for completion by 1978. Plans of the Bureau are well advanced for a modified development including other facilities on the Eel and Russian Rivers.
The additional yields conserved by these reservoirs are proposed for conveyance in the Pacific Southwest Water Plan through incremental enlargement of the East Side Division canal system. At the Kern River terminus of that system a conduit would be constructed to connect with the California Aqueduct immediately north of Tehachapi Mountains. From there an incremental enlargement of the California Aqueduct is included to a location south of the Tehachapi Mountains where a new conduit would be constructed to Lake Havasu. The total cost of the storage facilities is estimated by the State of California at about 420,000,000. The net annual operation, maintenance, replacement, and pumping costs are estimated to be $24,000,000. Concurrent authorization and construction of the required incremental conveyance capacity and the East Side Division, Central Valley Project, would be required. The storage systems contemplated on the Lower Eel River are included for analysis purposes. Other more desirable storage systems may be developed with further study for meeting the requirements of this Plan and other areas as well, including the Central Valley in California.
Desalting of ocean water was considered as an alternative to the conservation and conveyance of surplus waters from northern California. As indicated, however, economic considerations, on the basis of presently developed and accepted technology for desalting plants, favored developing and importation of surplus stream flows from the North. For southern California large scale desalting plants could be located at the shoreline at several locations. From these plant locations, conduits, including pumping plants, would be required to convey the water to areas of use. For use in Arizona, desalting plants could obtain water from the Gulf of California through appropriate arrangements with Mexico. The desalted water could be used either by direct conveyance for municipal and industrial use in Central Arizona or through conveyance and exchange at Imperial Dam with upstream diversion of the replaced Colorado River water to Central Arizona.
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Chapter V - Power Requirements, Sources, and Markets
No full textDocument: Chapter V, Power requirements, Sources, and Markets: "Pacific Southwest Water Plan", August 1963, page 1CHAPTER V
POWER REQUIREMENTS, SOURCES, AND MARKETS
Present Development
Present power developments in the Pacific Southwest market area range from large hydroelectric and fossil fuel-burning plants, serving the metropolitan areas in southern California and south-central Arizona, to local powerplants serving the smaller towns and communities.
The principal suppliers of energy in the California portion of the market area are the cities of Los Angeles, Burbank, Glendale, and Pasadena; the Southern California Edison Company, the San Diego Gas and Electric Company; the California Electric Power Company; Imperial Irrigation District; and the Bureau of Reclamation. These agencies operate several hydroelectric plants within or near the market area, in addition to large steamplants located near the load centers. Hoover Dam Powerplant is operated for the Bureau of reclamation by the city of Los Angeles and the Southern California Edison Company. Parker Dam and Davis Dam Powerplant are operated by the Bureau of Reclamation. Most of the power systems of these agencies are interconnected, but integration of their operations is, in some cases, limited by existing facilities.
In Arizona, the principal agencies generating or distriburting electric power are the Slat River Project Agricultural Improvement and Power District; the Arizona Public Service Company; the Tucson Gas, Electric Light and Power Company; Citizens Utilities Company; Arizona Electric Power Cooperative; Sulphur Springs Valley Electric Cooperative; and the Bureau of Indian Affairs. In general, these agencies serve the more densely populated areas in the south-central part of the State. The Bureau of Reclamation, by virtue of the power delivered from Hoover, Davis, and Parker Powerplants, is a large producer of electric energy utilized in the State.
In southern Nevada, Clark and Lincoln Counties and the Atomic Energy Commision's testing facilities in Nye County are supplied from the Nevada Power Company's Clark Steamplant, the Parker-Davis Project, and the Hoover Powerplant. The operating agencies for this area are the Amargosa Valley Cooperative, Inc., the Nevada Power Company, the Lincoln County Power District, the California-Pacific Utilities Company, the Bureau of Reclamation, and the city of Boulder City.
As presented in table 17, the installed generating capacity in the area was about 10,100,000 kilowatts as of June 30, 1961. The
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Chapter IV - Future Water Demands and Supplies
No full textDocument: Chapter IV, Future Water Demands And Supplies: "Pacific Southwest Water Plan", August 1963, page 3Sheet 2 of 2
1/ Includes Little Colorado River and other tributary areas in the States of Arizona, Nevada, New Mexico, and Utah. Future depletions include 70,000 a.f. for Dixie Project in Utah and 20,000 a.f. for Moapa Valley Project in Nevada.
2/ Marble Canyon and Bridge Canyon Dams.
3/ Includes existing Lake Mead diversions and conveyance losses, proposed Southern Nevada Project, and Moapa Valley Pumping Project. Other requirements supplied from local sources.
4/ Colorado River areas include: Palo Verde District and non-Indian portion of Yuma Project. Desert areas include: Imperial District, Coachella District, Whitewater-Coachella area, and Antelope-Mojave area. Coastal areas include the coastal drainage of Venturea, Los Angeles, Orange, San Bernardino, Riverside, and San Diego Counties.
5/ Conveyance losses associated with area imports.
6/ Colorado River areas include: Gila Projects and Yuma Projects. Central Arizona project area includes most of Gila River Basin.
7/ Includes present Colorado River Indian Reservation in Arizona and Indian portion of Yuma Project in California. Future requirements include Ft. Mojave, Colorado River, Cocopah, Chemehuevi, and Yuma Indian Reservations.
8/ Includes 370,000 a.f. reservoir net evaporation, 230,000 a.f. regulatory losses, and 670,000 a.f. other net unmeasured beneficial and nonbeneficial uses, including present wildlife refuges.
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Chapter III - Present Water Supplies and Uses
No full textDocument: Chapter III, Present Water Supplies and Uses: "Pacific Southwest Water Plan", August 1963, page 11Table 11
Pacific Southwest Water Plan
Estimated Water Supply
Unit: 1,000 a.f.
Item Present
Scheduled release - Glen Canyon Dam 1Epson Perfection 4870 Photo, 400 dpi, 8 bit, 1,976,493 byte
Chapter I - The Pacific Southwest
No full textDocument: Chapter I, The Pacific Southwest, "Pacific Southwest Water Plan", August 1963, page 2the expanding metropolitan centers of Los Angeles and San Diego. The climate of the coastal valleys, moderated by ocean breezes, has average monthly temperatures ranging between 50 and 75 degrees Fahrenheit. Annual precipitation in the area varies from about 14 to 17 inches. The growing season in this area is year-long.
The Basin and Range province includes the great Mohave and Colorado Deserts which have hot, dry climates, with average monthly temperatures ranging from 30 to 85 degrees. Precipitation occurs mostly during the winter months, and varies from an annual average rainfall of about 20 inches at Mono Lake to about 21/2 inches at Brawley, near the Salton Sea. The frost-free period ranges from about 140 days at Bishop, in the Owens River Valley, to about 286 days at Indio, in the Coachella Valley.
Lower Colorado River Basin--The Lower Colorado River Basin is by far the largest of the geographic areas in the Pacific Southwest, containing some 132,000 square miles of drainage area. The major tributaries of the Colorado River are the Gila, Bill Williams, Virgin, and the Little Colorado Rivers. The basin contains portions of two major physiographic divsions: the Basin and Range, and the Colorado Plateau provinces. Generally, southwestern Arizona, southern Nevada, and a portion of southwestern New Mexico lie within the Basin and Range province and have elevations which vary from 141 feet at Yuma to about 4,000 feet in Sulphur Springs Valley. Mountain peaks within the province extend to higher elevations. When irrigated, valley soils are highly productive. The major agricultural developments and the metropolitan centers of Phoenix and Tucson lie within this area. The scant annual rainfall varies from about 2.5 inches at Yuma to 7 inches at Phoenix and 10 inches at Tucson. Average monthly temperatures in this desert area vary from 50 to 90 degrees. Growing seasons of 300 days are not uncommon.
The Colorado Plateau province covers the northeast portion of Arizona, southern Utah, and extends into western New Mexico. The plateau elevations range between 3,000 and 8,000 feet, and the surface is basically composed of volcanic and sedimentary rocks with only a thin soil mantle. This area is rather sparsely settled. Rainfall ranges from about 9 to over 30 inches per year. The temperature of the plateau area is relatively severe, with average monthly temperatures ranging from 30 to 70 degrees. The growing season varies from about 130 days to about 180 days, depending upon the location.
Natural Resources
The Pacific Southwest is rich in natural resources which have contributed importantly toward its development. In southern California, crude petroleum production is of major national importance. Arizona is
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Summary of the Pacific Southwest Water Plan
No full textDocument: "Summary of Pacific Southwest Water Plan", August 1964 page 2The precepts under which the Department of the Interior has historically acted have never encouraged the development of one area to the detriment of another. The diminishing of an existing economy, or the retarded development of another, carries nationwide implications. In the Pacific Southwest, defined for the purposes of this study as portions of each of the above five States--each dependent to some extent on the Colorado River--it is incumbent upon the Secretary of the Interior in any plan of regional water development to preserve, protect, and promote the economy and interests of all the affected States. All water exportations from areas of surplus to areas of deficiency should protect the areas of origin within the States and the States themselves. This protection could be in the form of legislative policies recently adopted by the Congress in connection with the New Melones Project authorized by the Flood Control Act of 1962 (P.L. 87-874), in which diversions of water would be subordinate to all existing and anticipated future needs.
The greatest future water requirements of the region will be for municipal and industrial uses, caused by the Nation's fastest rate of population growth. Other important needs are for irrigation, power, and flood control. The development plans presented in this report include water supplies for recreation, fish and wildlife, and cultural activities which we consider also essential to the well-being of an expanding population.
There is not enough water available to the region at economic cost to provide for an expansion of irrigated acreage, except on Indian reservations and limited areas having local water supplies available. However, because of the importance of agriculture to the region, a major objective is to augment the water supplies to maintain irrigated agriculture as close as possible to present levels. Many crops are grown in the Pacific Southwest that cannot be grown elsewhere in the Nation or do not have proper market relations.
The region presently has a total developed water supply of 16,410,000 acre-feet annually, This is 1,340,000 acre-feet less than the present demand of 17,750,000 acre-feet. Demand will increase to 20,120,000 acre-feet by 1975, 22,050,000 acre-feet by 1990, and 23,360,000 acre-feet by the year 2000--or 6,950,000 acre-feet more than the present supply. In the meantime, the flows of the Colorado River available to the lower basin will diminish steadily because of continuing development in the upper basin within its Compact entitlement. The California State Water Project will provide 1.9 million of the nearly 7 million acre-feet that must be added by the year 2000. The balance will have to come from improved water management and from new sources.
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Notes--Memo to Dominy
No full textNotes: About the report which includes numbers for evaporation losses for lakes and a short draft of a memo to Dominy, August 1963Memo to Dominy we'll talk to Arizonan or - I'll be there
Evapo - losses
Mead - 834,000
Mohave 175,000
Havasu 160,000
Head gate Rosh 2,000
Nycline Ellagena 34,000
Marble 20,000 ?
Bridge 80,000 ?
total 100,000 ac/ft
See table 13, pgs IV- a+2a
Gookin says not 100,000 net must deduct normal evapo from flowing river
question - Chapter III-6-all American - 3,635,600 1961
But Jable VI shows diversion of 5,700,00 1958-42Epson Perfection 4870 Photo, 400 dpi, 24 bit, 1,623,762 byte
Interior Approves Three Contracts for Delivery of Colorado River Water
No full textDepartment of the Interior News Release, "Interior approves three contracts for deliver of Colorado River Water in Mohave County, Arizona," November 14, 1968, page 1Epson Perfection 4870 Photo, 400 dpi, 24 bit, 2,058,762 byte
Letter Concerning Interview with Ben Cole
No full textLetter: To Stewart Udall, From John J. Rhodes, May 15, 1968, page 2Epson Perfection 4870 Photo, 400 dpi, 24 bit, 2,136,087 byte