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Appendices to Pacific Water Plan Review Draft
No full textDocument: Appendices to Pacific Southwest Water Plan Review Draft "U.S. Geological Survey Appendix", August 1963, page 15Appraisal of known mineral resources.--In parallel with the general appraisal of water resources outlined on page 7, it is proposed to assemble and summarize available information on geologic environmental features and mineral resources of the Pacific Southwest. This would be accomplished in the first two years at a total cost of 2,100,000.
Coal investigations.--Eight main coal-bearing areas potentially can supply fuel for developing power in the Pacific Southwest. These are the Henry Mountains, Kolob, Kanab, and Kaiparowits fields in southern Utah; the Black Mesa field in northeastern Arizona; and the Gallup and Zuni fields as well as the San Juan River region in northwestern New Mexico. (See fig. 4).
Among these, the Kaiparowits field is one of the most extensive and least explored; present information is fragmentary. Mining in this field has become active recently. Here a very modest program of quadrangle geologic mapping has been started to delineate grade, extent, and thickness of coal beds as a basis for estimating reserves and classifying the land. At the present pace, however, several decades would elapse before mapping and classification are complete. It is proposed that the present pace be quickened several fold, and that mapping of the fifty 71/2-minute quadrangles in the Kaiparowits field be accomplished within the five years. Total cost is estimated at 120,000 in the first year to a maximum of 2,400,000.
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Appendices to Pacific Water Plan Review Draft
No full textDocument: Appendices to Pacific Southwest Water Plan Review Draft "Bureau of Land Management Appendix", August 1963, page 6The southern section is somatimes referred to as the desert or plains region. It is, however, similar in many respects to the contral section in that it is characterised by basin and rangs topography. It consists largaly of vast stretches of desert plains broken by short mountain chains from 1,000 to 3,000 feet in elevation. The mountains are seldom forested and the plains or broad level valley support typical desert flora or are devoid of vegetation. Portions of the area are extensively irrigated, particularly in the Gila and Salt River Valleys.
B. Geology
That portion of the study area within the Colorado Platean Province is distinguished primarily by the horicontality of its rock formations in contrast to the folded formations in adjoining provinces. Stratigraphically, the Colorado Plateau Province is characterized by massive sandstons formations with some shale interbeds. As the formations have been subjected to extensive erasion in an arid elimate, mesas, cuostas, escarpments, canyons, and dry washes are prominent features of the landscape. In some places voleanic macke, buttes, and lava flows are abundant.
The basins and ranges are distinetive for their uniformity. Ususlly the ranges parellel one another, often extending for 50 and 75 miles. Their bulk is fairly continuous and the crests are quite uniform. The elopes, while not everly steep, are fairly straight
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Appendices to Pacific Water Plan Review Draft
No full textDocument: Appendices to Pacific Southwest Water Plan Review Draft "Bureau of Land Management Appendix", August 1963, page 33TABLE NO. 3 EXISTING AND PROPOSED IMPROVEMENTS FOR PUBLIC LANDS IN LOWER COLORADO RIVER BASIN Page 2 of 3
NEVADA NEW MEXICO
Unit Existing 1964-1967 Short Range 1968-1980 Long Range Existing 1964-1967 Short Range 1968-1980 Long Range
Water Management
Springs No. 130 20 150 12 10 10
Wells No. 35 15 50 5 5 5
Detention Dams No. 7 10 20 16 15 85
Diversion Dams No. 12 15 30 15 100
Dikes No. 5 16
Spreaders No. 1 2 5
Reservoirs No. 46 22 45 20 80
Range Seeding Acres 33,000 21,000 130,000 10,000 90,000
Brush Control Acres 15,000 3,000 45,000 35 15,000 165,000
Pitting and Furrowing Acres 2,000 5,000 17,000 5,000 5,000 7,500
Site Improvement for
Reforestation Acres 600 2,500 200
Reforestation Acres 1,000 5,500 500
Road Construction Miles 300 55 85Epson Perfection 4870 Photo, 400 dpi, 8 bit, 2,656,561 byte
Appendices to Pacific Water Plan Review Draft
No full textDocument: Appendices to Pacific Southwest Water Plan Review Draft "Bureau of Outdoor Recreation", August 1963, page 2Upstream Recreation Demands
Water-oriented recreation cannot be considered one of the primary purposes for constructing the Bridge Canyon and Marble Canyon reservoirs because less costly alternatives for expanding recreation facilities in this area are available. The types of water-oriented recreation which could be supplied by these reservoirs are available at Lake Mead and Glen Canyon National Recreation Areas. These recreation areas serve the same population centers, and facilities could be added as recreation demand expands. It is recognized, however, that if the proposed reservoirs are built, people will make visits to them. A minimum amount of basic recreation facilities would be required to take care of these visitors, and studies are needed to determine what minimum facilities are essential and what they would cost. A reasonable estimate of the monetary benefit of providing essential facilities to accommodate the visitors is that they are equal to the cost of providing them.
No additional recreation benefits can be claimed for the proposed Bridge Canyon Dam because of the unusual existing recreation values of the proposed reservoir area and the adverse effects the dam and reservoir would have on these values. The reservoir would eliminate the natural stream which created the Grand Canyon and has been continuing to wear down and deepen the canyon. The natural forces which carry silt and
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Appendices to Pacific Water Plan Review Draft
No full textDocument: Appendices to Pacific Southwest Water Plan Review Draft "Bureau of Outdoor Recreation", August 1963, page 7and the loss of additional free-flowing streams would represent a further recreation loss. In addition, as noted earlier, the value of the benefits is affected by the fact that the recreation needs that would be served by these reservoirs could be provided for, alternatively, by the installation of additional facilities at existing areas--Lake Mead National Recreation, Area Grand Canyon National Park, and Glen Canyon National Recreation Area.
Estimated annual recreation benefits, exclusive of hunting and fishing, have been computed by the National Park Service. The estimates of annual visits and benefits for the reservoirs in the Pacific Southwest Water Plan, other than Bridge Canyon and Marble Canyon, are shown below:
Orme
Maxwell Reservoir-Annual Benefits
Activities Visitor Days Value per Day Total
General Use 175,000 X 91,000
Boating and Water Skiing 75,000 X .55 = 42,250
Camping 50,000 X .50 = 25,000
0.91 per visitor day.
Charleston Reservoir-Annual Benefits
Activities Visitor Days Value per Day Total
General Use 100,000 X 52,000
Boating and Water Skiing 40,000 X .55 = 22,000
Camping 15,000 X .50 = 7,500
0.82 per visitor day.
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Appendices to Pacific Water Plan Review Draft
No full textDocument: Appendices to Pacific Southwest Water Plan Review Draft "National Park Service Appendix", August 1963, Title, no paginationUNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
NATIONAL PARK SERVICE
APPENDIX
TO
PACIFIC SOUTHWEST WATER PLANEpson Perfection 4870 Photo, 400 dpi, 8 bit, 2,372,799 byte
Appendices to Pacific Water Plan Review Draft
No full textDocument: Appendices to Pacific Southwest Water Plan Review Draft "National Park Service Appendix", August 1963, page 4B. Bridge Canyon Dam Constructed to Elevation 1876 Feet
If a high Bridge Canyon Dam is constructed, at an elevation of 1876 feet above sea level, the resulting reservoir would extend into Grand Canyon National Park, a distance of 13 miles to within one-tonth of a mile of the mouth of Kanab Creek. At the lower end of the Park, the water surface at maximum operating elevation of 1866 feet would be raised about 83 feet above natural conditions of flow.
1. Values to be lost
The values lost upon construction of the high dam would be essentially the same as described for the lower dam but, in addition, the reservoir would extend 13 miles into Grand Canyon National Park.
This section of the inner canyon is characterized by extreme narrowness and high sheer walls of sedimentary rock. Near the mouth of Havasu Creek the inner gorge is at its narrowest along the entire length. The views into the canyon are spectacular and awe-inspiring.
The lats Norman Neville, well-known organiser of the boat trips through the Grand Canyon, stated of this section of the inner gorge: "In all of my notes, on four separate trips, I have noted again and again that the section of river canyon from Kanab Creek to Havasu Canyon is outstending and among the most beautiful of all the Grand Canyon."
The high dam would result in silt deposition and debris accumulation in this section of the National Park and would further restrict inner gorge native plant and animal habitat and natural river boating in Grand Canyon.
The late Frederick Law Olmsted, noted landscape architect, made a study of the effects of the proposed high Bridge Canyon Dam upon the Park. In his report Mr. Olmsted said in part:
This section of the Grand Canyon as a whole is notable for the distinetive character of its seenery,...It was completely included from rim to rim in the portion of Grand Canyon originally set apart in 1903 as a national monument for preservation of the noneconomic values of its unique and inspiring scenery...
If that is to remain the policy of the Government concerning this entire unit of the Grand Canyon...then the limitations of Bridge Canyon Seservoir to an elevation that will not encroach on that protected area should be continued...
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Appendices to Pacific Water Plan Review Draft
No full textDocument: Appendices to Pacific Southwest Water Plan Review Draft "Bureau of Indian Affairs Appendix", August 1963, page 5McDowell, Salt River, and San Carlos. At Salt River, San Xavier, and Gila River Reservations development of lands for urban and industrial purposes is becoming an immediate possibility.
On the Fort Apache Indian Reservation the recreational enterprise has been expanding with a rapid growth because of the rapid increase in population in Arizona. The White Mountain Apache Tribe has built a series of lakes for trout fishing, service stations, motels, boat landing facilities, and camp grounds, to take care of this recreation demand, and employs many of its members in maintaining and operating their projects.
Economic growth on the Gila River Reservation has been retarded due to an insufficient water supply for their San Carlos Irrigation Project. However, the value of crops produced on the San Carlos Irrigation Project has reached approximately eleven million dollars, of which approximately two and a half million dollars is on the Gila River Reservation.
Recreational, Cultural, and Scientific Development.
The Colorado River attracts great numbers of people because of recreational values. During holidays and week-ends recreational use of the river is exceptionally heavy. Most of the use is by people from Los Angeles and other southern California areas. One of the favorite places is a stretch of river on the Colorado River Reservation upstream from Headgate Rock Dam, where the constant water level maintained by the dam furnishes excellent boating and other water sport activities. The shores outside the reservation are occupied almost solidly with recreational enterprises and river front home developments. Also motels and river front homes occupy a large part of the shore line on the three miles of river within the reservation above Headgate Rock Dam. Downstream from Headgate Rock
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Appendices to Pacific Water Plan Review Draft
No full textDocument: Appendices to Pacific Southwest Water Plan Review Draft "Bureau of Indian Affairs Appendix", August 1963, page 6Dam are 53 miles of river on which very little development has taken place, although the potential is great and there have been many inquiries regarding commercial developments along this stretch of the river. Adequate ground has been reserved along the river front for recreational development instead of agricultural development. The constant water level above Palo Verde Diversion Dam is particularly attractive for water sport activities. Channelization of the Colorado River, such as has been done below Davis Dam, will add greatly to the recreational value of the river, if recreational possibilities are considered in design of the channelization works.
THE WATER PROBLEM
Historical Background
Irrigation has been practiced by the Indian Tribes since before the coming of Europeans to the American continent. Prehistoric canals are in evidence at several of the Reservations especially on the Gila and Salt River Reservations, and remains of ancient villages are found on almost every reservation. The Pima Indians furnished grains and other food stuffs to the first white settlers coming to the area and to those traveling to California. The Apache Indians were raising corn, beans, and other food stuffs when first encountered by the whites. The Mohave, Chemeheuvi, Yuma, and Cocopah Indians of the Colorado River valleys practiced a method of irrigation which was dependent on overflow of the lands by spring floods of the Colorado River.
The Colorado River Indian Reservation was established by Act of Congress, approved by the President March 4, 1865, for settlement of Indians of the Colorado River and its tributaries. In 1866 a survey for an irrigation
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Appendices to Pacific Water Plan Review Draft
No full textDocument: Appendices to Pacific Southwest Water Plan Review Draft "Office of Saline Waters Appendix", August 1963, Pagination added, page 14these plants (all at a million gallons per day capacity) have been good, and the multistage flash process is only slightly superior to the other two.
The flash type distillation process has been most extensively studies, with design concepts for very large plants-up to 150 million gallons per day. The other two processes are limited to about a 5-10 million gallon per day size. Results show that the flash distillation process maximizes the use of equipment items that have been previously developed in large size for other purposes. In addition to this the flash process can be readily adapted to use steam from a tapping turbine and thus in this combination is provided with a cheaper source of steam.
It is in combination with electric generation stations that two sizes of plants-50,000,000 and 150,000,000 gallons per day-have been studied and the cost of water developed. Energy cost studies have been made by the Office of Oil and Gas, Office of Coal Research, and the Bureau of Mines.
Cost of Energy
Energy costs constitute about half of the total cost of producing water from the very large plants. The investment cost accounts for another third of the costs, while the operating and maintenance costs make up about one-sixth of the costs. When producing water from the combination of an electric power generating station and a sea water conversion plant, there are annumber of ways the resulting costs can be distributed.Epson Perfection 4870 Photo, 400 dpi, 8 bit, 2,546,384 byte