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Pacific Southwest Water Plan - Appendix of August 1963
No full textDocument: Appendix to Pacific Southwest Water Plan of August 1963 as modified January 1964 "Fish and Wildlife Service Appendix", January 1964, title page, no paginationUNITED STATES
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
FISH AND WILDLIEE SERVICE
APPENDIX TO
PACIFIC SOUTHWEST WATER PLANEpson Perfection 4870 Photo, 400 dpi, 8 bit, 1,047,144 byte
Pacific Southwest Water Plan - Appendix of August 1963
No full textDocument: Appendix to Pacific Southwest Water Plan of August 1963 as modified January 1964 "Fish and Wildlife Service Appendix", January 1964, title page, no paginationUNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE
LETTER FROM COMMISSIONER OF FISH AND WILDLIFE
TO THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
SUMITTING PROPOSALS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
FOR FISH AND WILDLIFE CONSERVATION
IN CONNECTION WITH THE
PACIFIC SOUTHWEST WATER PLAN
WASHINGTON, D.C.
JANUARY 1964Epson Perfection 4870 Photo, 400 dpi, 8 bit, 1,064,315 byte
Pacific Southwest Water Plan - Appendix of August 1963
No full textDocument: Appendix to Pacific Southwest Water Plan of August 1963 as modified January 1964 "Fish and Wildlife Service Appendix - Letter From Commissioner of Fish and Wildlife to Sec. Of Interior", January 1964, page 1IN REPLY REFER 10:
UNITED STATES
DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE
WASHINGTON 25, D. C.
January 17, 1964
The Secretary of the Interior
Sir:
This report and the underlying report on Fish and Wildlife resources in relation to the Pacific Southwest Water Plan represents a revision of the report submitted to you with my letter of August 21, 1963. This revision has been made in order to reflect the views of the State fish and game agencies and to incorporate changes in the project plan which have been made during the current modification of the Department's report on the plan.
The Pacific Southwest Water Plan would provide much-needed, widespread opportunities of great consequence to outdoor recreation based on fish and wildlife resources. The new reservoirs, with the measures, facilities, and management planned specifically for fish and wildlife, as indicated in this report, can greatly increase the fish and wildlife resources of the Pacific Southwest. The northern California reservoirs, particularly, will have a major impact on substantial runs of anadromous fish, important to commercial fisheries as well as to sport fishermen.
The proposals outlined in this report have been developed by the Fish and Wildlife Service in cooperation with the State fish and game departments of Arizona, California, Nevada, New Mexico, and Utah. They include the construction of fish hatcheries and fishing lakes coupled with a management program to insure that thousands more people will have a chance to fish. They also provide for the development of wildlife refuges and management areas together with a management program to insure that people in the future will be able to enjoy wildlife through nature study, photography, and hunting. They properly include also the measures necessary to mitigate unavoidable harmful effects to fish and wildlife and their habitats.
In 1960, fishing and hunting provided about 10,800,000 man-days of recreation for the then human population of 11,000,000 in the service area of the Pacific Southwest Water Plan which, for the purpose of this report, is defined as the Colorado River drainage basin downstream from Lee Ferry to the Mexican border, plus the southern portion of California, bounded on the north by the Santa Barbara County line and the Tehachapi Mountains, and on the westEpson Perfection 4870 Photo, 400 dpi, 8 bit, 1,685,555 byte
Pacific Southwest Water Plan - Appendix of August 1963
No full textDocument: Appendix to Pacific Southwest Water Plan of August 1963 as modified January 1964 "Fish and Wildlife Service Appendix- Substantiating Report", January 1964, page 4found as well in many other impoundments and rivers of the area. Smallmouth bass, also highly regarded, are more restricted in range and are limited to such locations as the Verde River in Arizona and the lower reaches of the Colorado River.
Less glamorous than the basses perhaps, bluegills, crappies, and other sunfishes abound in the warmwater lakes and streams. They provide much sport to thousands of young and adult fishermen alike. Channel and other catfish too can be caught in many of the streams and yellow bass are taken locally in a few waters.
Nearly all of the important fisheries of the Lower Colorado River and its reservoirs and those of the Salton Sea in California have resulted from man's efforts. Reservoirs and water regulation have created the present favorable environments and fishes have been introduced and managed to provide the present productive fisheries. In addition to the common warmwater fishes, notable introductions include rainbow trout in suitably cold waters of the Colorado River below Hoover Dam, threadfin shad as forage for game fish in the Lower Colorado River system, and orangemouth corvina and sargo in the Salton Sea. Striped bass have been introduced in the Lower Colorado River and have produced catches of goodsized fish.
Most of the important wildlife species of the Pacific Southwest are indigenous to the region. The resident game consists of upland and big game. The wild turkey, classed as big game in some states, is a highly regarded species. For the most part, it inhabits forested country and furnishes select hunting for several thousand sportsmen.
Unspectacular and often taken for granted, the cottontail rabbit probably is the most important small-game animal of all. It is found throughout the region. Gambel's, scaled, Mearns, mountain, and valley quails provide much sport throughout portions of the area and squirrels are hunted in some localities. Pheasants also are hunted on a limited basis in some restricted areas, notably where stocked in the Imperial Valley of California. Some foreign game bird introductions, such as chukar partridge, show promise of adaptation in restricted areas.
Mule deer, javelina, elk, white-tailed deer, desert bighorn, antelope, black bear, mountain lion, and even buffalo on a very limited basis, provide big game hunting. Deer are the most popular animals and are present in most parts of the Pacific Southwest. Javelina provide a unique attraction in the region but are largely confined to the southern third of Arizona. Coues deer inhabit most of the southern mountains of Arizona and are found along the Mogollon Rim in the northern part of the state.
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Pacific Southwest Water Plan - Appendix of August 1963
No full textDocument: Appendix to Pacific Southwest Water Plan of August 1963 as modified January 1964 "Fish and Wildlife Service Appendix- Substantiating Report", January 1964, page 6Broadly viewed, the programs of these agencies fall into several categories: regulation, habitat management and improvement, introduction and stocking, and research. The chief concern here is that adequate land and water be allocated and maintained to meet the human wants related to fish and wildlife. Because of the scarcity of water, it is of critical importance to fish and wildlife of the Pacific Southwest. Here, as elsewhere, the increasing attrition of the habitat for the so-called higher uses of man must be reckoned with. In order to insure perpetuation of anadromous fish runs accessibility to spawning and rearing areas is provided by fish passage facilities and provision of minimum stream flows at dams and by provision of hatcheries and spawning channels in some locations.
Toward the end that land and water may produce more fish and wildlife, the Fish and Wildlife Service and its state counterparts have shown great interest in the habitat, the physical plant on which fish and wildlife are so dependent. Lands have been purchased and leased and agreements entered into with the objective of producing more fish and game and, relatedly, space in which the public may fish and hunt and otherwise enjoy fish and wildlife.
Some of the facilities and installations developed and managed are single-purpose in nature, expressly designed for bettering particular fish and wildlife environments. Many more are related to other purposes wherein fish and wildlife habitats are important but essentially by-products of projects built for other purposes. In the first category are fishing lakes developed with state fish and game funds primarily for fishing. In the second are Federal wildlife refuges which were made possible by reservoirs constructed for the primary purposes of providing municipal and irrigation water, generating hydroelectric power, regulating river regimens, and controlling floods.
Augmenting the efforts at developing and improving habitat for fish and wildlife are such facilities as Federal and state fish hatcheries and state game farms. The output of such installations serves the propagative needs for stocking and replenishing developed areas for fish and wildlife.
To date, these complementary Federal-state programs have not kept pace in supplying the wants of the public they serve. Additional water and lands are needed, as indicated in succeeding pages.
The locations of the existing installations and many of the proposed ones along the Lower Colorado River are shown on the map at the end of this report.
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Pacific Southwest Water Plan - Appendix of August 1963
No full textDocument: Appendix to Pacific Southwest Water Plan of August 1963 as modified January 1964 "Fish and Wildlife Service Appendix- Substantiating Report", January 1964, page 18Therefore, water needs of fish and wildlife outside the defined service area of the Pacific Southwest Water Plan are not included in this Appendix although some discussions of fish and wildlife facilities which may be needed in connection with the North Coast Storage and Conveyance proposals are presented. Some of the potential fish and wildlife enhancement facilities along the proposed conveyance route may properly be assigned, all or in part, to some segment of the Central Valley Project or the California's State Water Plan. Decision on this assignment can, of course, be made only following appropriate study and review. Water supplies for Federal and state wildlife management areas, both existing and those that may be proposed, will be of particular concern in the future studies and planning activities. Supplies for fish hatcheries that may be proposed for enhancement or for restoration of salmon in the San Joaquin Valley apparently are more properly related to the East Side Division of the Central Valley Project. Similarly, flows in those streams for restoration of natural spawning areas, artificial spawning channels or for transportation of these fish to and from the sea, might also relate to that project.
Fish hatcheries to mitigate the effects on anadromous fish will be required in relation to Helena Dam of the Trinity River Project and to Eltapom Dam of the South Fork Trinity River Project if these projects are authorized and constructed. These installations would require constant supplies of at least 70 and 80 second-feet, respectively. If the hatcheries are constructed as anticipated at sites immediately downstream from the dams, these supplies would also contribute to the water needed to maintain streamflow in the affected streams in support of fish maintenance, fishing, and other downstream uses. Streamflow maintenance and other aspects of fish and wildlife mitigation of these Trinity River projects are fully treated in Chapter II of the underlying report in the discussion of projects requiring further study before authorization. A constant water supply of 75 second-feet is required for the existing fish hatchery on the Trinity River near Lewiston. This constitutes a valid existing nonconsumptive use of water. This hatchery was built at Federal expense to mitigate the effects of the Trinity River Division, Central Valley Project on anadromous fish resources. It is now operated by the California Department of Fish and Game under contract with the Bureau of Reclamation. Under the Pacific Southwest Water Plan, it is proposed to be operated as a unit of the National system of fish hatcheries to supply trout to the proposed north coast storage reservoirs and others in the vicinity.
Water needs are non defined here for other anadromous fish hatcheries that may be required, if other storage features are built as part of the Pacific Southwest Water Plan on the Eel River or elsewhere. Definition of these needs must await more complete formulation of engineering and related fishery plans.
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Pacific Southwest Water Plan - Appendix of August 1963
No full textDocument: Appendix to Pacific Southwest Water Plan of August 1963 as modified January 1964 "Fish and Wildlife Service Appendix- Substantiating Report", January 1964, page 32A peripheral canal designed to carry diversion supply waters from the Sacramento River around the east edge of the Delta to the diversion points could correct existing problems and prevent aggravation of such problems. Fish diverting works, consisting of a louver-type screen with fish by-pass, would be required at the head of the peripheral canal and all diversions from the canal would need to be screened. The canal should pass under or over the Mokelumne and San Joaquin Rivers to avoid interference with anadromous fish runs. It should be landscaped to provide for public use of its banks and waters for fishing and other recreational uses. Basic public facilities should be provided along its banks. It is important that such a peripheral canal be programmed for construction in advance of further alteration of natural flow patterns and depletion of outflow of the Delta.
The peripheral canal around the Delta should be constructed prior to the need that will arise if water developed from north coast or other sources are routed through the Sacramento River. With this canal new water developed under ultimate extensions of the Pacific Southwest Water Plan can also be routed around the Delta with only minor detriments to the outstanding fishery of that area. In fact, with this peripheral canal installed, fishing benefits can be accomplished by means of releases past the point of diversion on the Sacramento River, and from the peripheral canal at points of crossing of the Cosumnes, Mokelumne, and San Joaquin Rivers and into the dead-end Delta sloughs.
During the period of study for development of plans involving the Delta, and prior to any recommendations for authorization, monitoring and evaluation of the fishery and water quality should be conducted to determine the schedules of releases that will provide conditions throughout the Delta and in the Delta outflow that will maximize the fish production, fishing, and general recreational values of this important area. During this imterim period, Delta outflow should be maintained at not less than 1,500 second-feet during June through August and 4,000 second-feet during September through May of each year except as the outflow rate may be varied for evaluation purposes or exceeded by floods or other uncotrolled flows. Suggested minimum releases past the point of diversion on the Sacramento River are 1,500 second-feet; into the Cosumnes River, 150 second-feet; and into the Mokelumne River, 300 second-feet. Additional releases from the San Joaquin River and the dead-end Delta sloughs should be determined by trial, monitoring and evaluation during the interim period.
The East Side canal should be sized large enough to permit carriage of water to be released year round into the San Joaquin River and
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Pacific Southwest Water Plan - Appendix of August 1963
No full textDocument: Appendix to Pacific Southwest Water Plan of August 1963 as modified January 1964 "Fish and Wildlife Service Appendix- Substantiating Report", January 1964, page 33its downstream east-side tributaries for fishery and quality-control purposes. Minimum flows should be provided for these purposes:
San Joaquin River below Figarden Dam or Friant Dam 400 sec.-ft.
San Joaquin River below Mendota Pool 800 sec.-ft.
Merced River below the canal 100 sec.-ft.
Tuolumne River below the canal 400 sec.-ft.
Stanislaus River below the canal 150 sec.-ft.
Whether the increment of canal capacity required to provide these releases should be related to the Pacific Southwest Water Plan or to the East Side Division, Central Valley Project, is undetermined. All fish and wildlife measures discussed in the detailed report draft of the Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife on the East Side Division should be considered in connection with that project.
The above suggested releases for improvement of the San Joaquin River will contribute to the solution of the Delta fishery and water quality problems particularly in the vicinity of Stockton and thus may be related to the Pacific Southwest Water Plan as well as the East Side Division. Where possible, with these suggested releases, exchanges can be worked out with storage units on the concerned east-side streams so that actual streamflow releases can be made from points upstream from the canal.
The above suggested releases in combination with releases for streamflow over the spawning areas as suggested with East Side Division and other projects could provide substantial benefits to salmon, steelhead trout, striped bass, and American shad of the Central Valley.
Possibilities also exist for water exchanges throughout the length of the East Side canal to improve stream flows, reservoir pools, and wildlife lands. These are considered to be more properly related to the East Side Division.
Extremely important waterfowl wintering areas exist in the southern San Joaquin Valley along the route of the East Side Division aqueduct extension to the Tehachapi Mountains tunnel. Any loss of wetlands, important to waterfowl and other wildlife, that may be caused by construction of the aqueduct enlargements or extensions should be compensated by acquisition and development of replacement habitat.
Fish and wildlife developments in southern California and the Owens Valley could be supplied, either directly or through exchanges, with water carried in the enlarged aqueducts. The developments requiring water supplies include both Federal and State installations, both enlargements of existing ones and proposed new ones, and they comprise fish hatcheries, waterfowl refuges, and fishing lakes. Since the
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Pacific Southwest Water Plan - Appendix of August 1963
No full textDocument: Appendix to Pacific Southwest Water Plan of August 1963 as modified January 1964 "Fish and Wildlife Service Appendix- Substantiating Report", January 1964, page 39Arizona Fishing Lakes
The initial, immediate action phase of fish and wildlife development for the Pacific Southwest Water Plan includes about 50 fishing lakes to be constructed by the Arizona Game and Fish Department in connection with the Central Arizona Project. These lakes would provide 2,000,000 man-days of fishing, mostly for trout. Based on the interim schedule for evaluating benefits adopted by the Inter-Agency Committee on Water Resources, these 50 fishing lake would produce annual benefits of 350,000 each for a total of 50,000 to $75,000 would be required at each lake for roads, access facilities, parking areas, and the like. The lakes would be built at an average rate of two a year.
The lakes would average 100 acres in size. The majority would be located in the higher elevations of Arizona and none would be far from good roads. They would be managed and stocked with trout by the Arizona Game and Fish Department.
Water to fill and maintain these fishing lakes would be supplied by the Central Arizona Project. They would require a total of 60,000 acre-feet for initial filling with a total annual consumptive use, due to evapo-transpiration, not to exceed 40,000 acre-feet. Water for these lakes would be supplied on a nonreimbursable basis, that is, the cost of water would be borne by the Federal Government and the water would be delivered without charge to the Arizona Game and Fish Department. This action would be taken in recognition of the widespread outdoor recreation benefits of the lakes and the heavy investment by the State in these lakes.
Most of the lake sites probably will be beyond reach of the new water-conveyance system planned for the Central Arizona Project. In circumstances where the intended use of water for fishing lakes might be in conflict with established water rights, exchanges of water would be effectuated to provide, in effect, Central Arizona Project water to supply these lakes. Engineering surveys by the Arizona Game and Fish Department will make possible the selection of the sites for the proposed fishing lakes.
Access and Facilities
The access and facilities associated with the particular reservoirs indicated in Table 3 are needed to realize the fishing benefits associated with such impoundments. Maxwell Reservoir, for example,
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Pacific Southwest Water Plan - Appendix of August 1963
No full textDocument: Appendix to Pacific Southwest Water Plan of August 1963 as modified January 1964 "Fish and Wildlife Service Appendix- Substantiating Report", January 1964, page 43Provision of fish hatchery and related facilities designed for the above runs together with fish habitat replacement downstream from the dam is planned to maintain the fisheries except for the present sport fishery in the imumdated streams. Here again acquisition and access development in coordination with habitat development down-stream can replace some lost fishing sites. The cost of the hatchary and related collecting and holding works is estimated at 800,000. The location and other physical details of the new hatchery will be determined during the planning stages following authorization and preceding the construction phase of the Pacific Southwest Water Plan.
National Fish Hatcheries, Trout
To stock the colder Colorado River Basin reservoirs and streams with trout, suitable hatcheries will be required to realize the fishing benefits indicated. Production of 250,000 pounds of trout a year will meet the need for stocking waters affected by water-resource developments planned for central and southern Arizona and the Lower Colorado River itself.
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