Theory and Practice of Jurisprudence (E-Journal - Yaroslav Mudryi National Law University)
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Становлення та розвиток законодавства України, що регулює відносини у сфері підвищення родючості ґрунтів
Get PDFArticle is devoted to research of a question of legal regulation of the public relations in the sphere of increase of fertility of soils, since times of Kievan Rus’. Stages of development of the legislation of rather legal support of increase of soils are analysed.Статья посвящена исследованию вопроса правового регулирования общественных отношений в сфере повышения плодородия почв, начиная со времен Киевской Руси. Проанализированы этапы развития законодательства относительно правового обеспечения повышения плодородия почв.Досліджено питання правового регулювання суспільних відносин у сфері підвищення родючості ґрунтів, починаючи з часів Київської Русі. Проаналізовано етапи розвитку законодавства щодо правового забезпечення підвищення родючості ґрунтів, без чого неможливе комплексне й ґрунтовне дослідження проблеми правового забезпечення підвищення родючості ґрунтів
Розвиток лісового права на українських землях у XIX столітті
Get PDFThe author has studied in the article forestry legislation ofAustro-Hungarian and Russian empires that was in force on the territory ofcontemporary Ukraine in the XIX century.Paper objective. Attention has been paid to the legal regime of property onforests that was determined by the main legislative acts of these countries, specialfeatures of the legal turnaround of state forests, the procedure for saling forest landsand acquisition of rights on forest lands in the order of usucaption. The author hasadditionally studied the special features of state management in state-owned forests.The legal effect of the abolition of serfdom and giving farmers land in the Russianand Austro-Hungarian empires has been studied. The regulations of civil law in thesemonarchies have been analyzed, in the framework of regulating the relations ofprivate property on forests and the rights and duties of private owners. The scientisthas separately compared the rules of civil law in Austro-Hungarian and Russianempires that regulated the relations of rent (lease) of forests.Paper main body. The attention has been paid to the essential terms of rentingforests: the subject of rent, the term of using forest and fee for rental use. Thespecifics of charging for the use of forests under the conditions of legislation of theRussian Empire depending on form of property on forests - state, public or private.The specifics of this category of forests, their target destination, subjects to whomthese forests can be fixed on, and the peculiarities of implementating the income fromrenting forests of relevant category.The author has drawn attention to the problems of normative regulation andstate control over forest use in the two monarchies. The differences in state control inthe sphere of protecting forests in Austro-Hungarian and Russian empires have beencompared. The legislation that put additional duties on forest users, due to the needfor protecting natural sustainable use of resources has been examined.The features of management by the owners of large forest establishment, aswell as legislative regulation of issues of target directed use of forest lands.Conclusions. The researcher has studied the features of using forest easementsin modern Ukraine in the XIX century. The attention is paid to a set of rights andobligations that arose for users under forest easements. The emphasis has been givento the specifics of the right of indirect forest management in the two empires in theindicated historical period. There has been made a number of original conclusions.Исследованы особенности правового регулирования отношений использования и охраны лесов на украинских землях в составе Австро-Венгерской и Российской империй в XIX в. Рассмотрены основные законодательные акты в сфере лесного права в этот исторический период. Определены различия в регулировании лесных отношений на территории Австро-Венгерской и Российской империйДосліджено особливості правового регулювання відносин використання та охорони лісів на українських землях у складі Австро-Угорської та Російської імперій у XIX ст. Розглянуто основні законодавчі акти у сфері лісового права у цей історичний період. Визначено відмінності в регулюванні лісових відносин на території Австро-Угорської та Російської імпері
Полювання як вид спеціального використання мисливських тварин
Get PDFProblem setting. In the context of the game preserve is extremely important is the concept of "hunting" and "huntering". According to Art. 1 of the Law of Ukraine "On hunting and hunting," hunting a special kind of wildlife by bagging game animals living in the wild or kept in semifree conditions within the hunting grounds. Hunt, according to the same sex law, defined as human action, aimed at stalking, harassment for the purpose of obtaining and extracting it (shooting, capture) of game animals that are in the wild or kept in semi-free conditions. Recent research and publications analysis. It should be noted that this problem is reflected in the writings of many scientists. In particular, M. Volyk, S. Golub, V. Krayeva, L. Nechyporuk, V. Ovdiyenko, T. Suhorebroyi, P. Tihiy, A. Tomina. Paper objective. The purpose of this article is to study the regulation and legal position regarding the scientific meaning of "hunting" and its relationship with related concepts and output its results determine the type of hunting as a special use of game animals. Paper main body. Hunting - is the extraction of wild animals and birds to exercise their beneficial properties, and hunting - a search, harassment and / or other measures of wild animals and birds, as a result, acquiring them to exercise theirbeneficial properties. However, we must realize that the extraction of wild animals and birds, in fact, is the search, harassment and / or other actions against them as a result, acquiring them. With this in mind, and hunting, and hunting can be defined as the extraction of wild animals and birds (search, harassment and / or other actions against them as a result, obtaining them) to use their beneficial properties. That is, hunting and hunting are the same in content, nature and purpose of the action. Accordingly, we have a need to turn to dictionaries of synonyms Ukrainian language. Conclusions of the research. Therefore, the research acts Ukrainian, Russian, Belarusian legislation, ways to translate these words in different languages, analysis of scientific papers, the interpretation of those words and as a result find out that hunting and hunting - words identical in meaning, we think it appropriate: 1) the concept of "hunting" shall be excluded from Art. 1 of the Law of Ukraine "On hunting and hunting" and other legal acts regulating relations relevant areas; 2) The concept of "Hunting" shall have the art. 1 of the Law of Ukraine "On hunting and hunting" as follows: hunting - a type of special use of game animals, which is based on legal documents, entity which has the right in accordance with the laws of Ukraine, taking into account all its requirements, restrictions and prohibitions on the place, time, methods, tools, standards, etc., and shooting, which is manifest in the actions of the subject, aimed at stalking and harassment for the purpose of exploration and mining it (shooting, capture) of mammals and birds, whose natural habitat is the wild nature, in all their species and population diversity, which are in the wild or kept in semi-free conditions within the hunting grounds and may be subject to hunting. We believe in the Ukrainian legislation should leave the notion of hunting because: 1) "hunting" for the Ukrainian legislation and "hunting" for Russian andBelarusian legislation is virtually identical in content terms. That is, the notion of "hunting" (and not "hunting") is enshrined in the laws of other states; 2) the situation with the translation of concepts "hunting», «hunt» / «hunting» the Ukrainian language (including translating the concepts of "hunting" "hunting" in Russian and English) suggests that it is often translated as "hunting"; 3) despite the fact that the legislation stipulates two concepts are defined as a kind of special hunting of wildlife, yet, when it comes to such use beyond the scope of Art. 1 of the Act, the legislator uses the concept of "hunting". That is, it is more acceptable and used, as evidenced by: the name of the Law of Ukraine "On hunting and shooting," the name and position of individual sections of the Act (section II "State regulation in the field of hunting and shooting," Section V «Control of hunting and hunting economy ", Chapter VI« Responsibility for violation of legislation on hunting and hunting economy "), the name and content of art. 248 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine (p. 248 "Illegal hunting"), the rules ch. 1, ch. 2, Art. 85 of the Administrative Code (p. 85 "Violation of the rules for the use of animals"). Apparently, the legislators in these examples does not use the concept of "hunting", namely "hunt"; 4) Some scientists are investigating the hunting and shooting are also often used the concept of "hunting", though, believes that hunting is a special kind of wildlife. For example, the textbook Environmental Law Ukraine ed. AP Hetman and MV Shulgi XIII contains the "Rights protection, reproduction and use of fauna" and Section 3 of this chapter entitled "Legal regulation of hunting and hunting economy".Исследовано содержание понятия «охота» и его соотношение со смежными понятиями. Подробно проанализировано законодательство Украины по данным вопросам и проведена сравнительная характеристика с соответствующими положениями законодательства других государств. Значительное внимание уделено изучению позиций ученых по данной проблематике. Выведено понятие охоты как вида специального использования охотничьих животныхРозглянуто зміст поняття «полювання» та його співвідношення з суміжними поняттями. Проаналізовано законодавство України з даних питань та здійснено порівняльну характеристику з відповідними положеннями законодавств інших держав. Значну увагу приділено вивченню позицій науковців щодо зазначеної проблематики. Виведено поняття полювання як виду спеціального використання мисливських тварин
Проблеми законодавчого закріплення впровадження пробації в Україні
Get PDFAnalyzed the prospects of the law on probation Institute in Ukraine. The main problematic aspects introduction of probation. Proposed possible way to address disputes integration into the legal system Patriotic Institute of probation. The question of as sources of penal law considered.Проанализированы перспективы законодательного закрепления института пробации в Украине. Определены основные проблемные моменты внедрения службы пробации. Предложены возможные пути решения спорных вопросов интеграции в отечественную правовую систему института пробации. Рассматривается вопрос качества источников уголовно-исполнительного права.Проаналізовано перспективи законодавчого закріплення інституту пробації в Україні. Визначено основні проблемні моменти запровадження служби пробації. Запропоновано можливі шляхи розв’язання спірних питань щодо інтегрування у вітчизняну правову систему інституту пробації. Розглянуто питання якості джерел кримінально- виконавчого права
Участь спеціаліста у кримінальному провадженні: історія та сучасність
Get PDFProblem setting. The necessity of special knowledge applying when carrying out investigative (search) activities is explained by practice needs. During the investigation they are used for several centuries. However, the problem of specialists institute foundation history in criminal proceeding is not solved in legal literature. Recent research. Special attention was paid to the study of problems of knowledgeable person’s participation in criminal proceeding in the works of R. S. Belkin, L. G. Bordyugov, E. E. Demidova, L. N. Derechi, V. V. Kovalenko, G. Malevsky, T. D. Telegina, V.Y. Shepyt’ko and others. Paper objective. Scientists characterized the development of special knowledge applying on the whole. However, the literary sources since the ХVI century and the regulation of their activity in legislative acts of those times were not analyzed. That is why the object of the article is to analyze the scientists viewpoints as for a specialist participation in investigation of crimes in historical perspective, compare their suggestions with regulations of the current Code of Criminal Procedure, other regulatory legal acts of Ukraine and to cover present problems concerning the procedural status of a specialist in Ukraine and other foreign states. Paper main body. The involvement of a specialist during the investigative activities was carried out by practitioners already in the ХVI century on the territory of Muscovy. This article covers the scientists’ viewpoints (E. Burinsky, B. L. Brazol’, N. S. Bokarius, A.Veingart, G. Gross, E. Kolokolov, V.K.Sluchevskiy and others) concerning the party to a proceeding of a specialist. It is noted that the suggestions of researchers and the regulatory legal acts of the XVIII-XX centuries nowadays are used by crime investigators in cooperation procedures with specialists during investigation of crimes. That is why, it is necessary to take into account the suggestions of scientist which are described in their works of the XVIII-XX centuries as well as the regulatory legal acts provisions of those times in order to introduce modifications in certain regulations of the Code of Criminal Procedure of Ukraine to optimize organization and technique of involvement of specialists during investigation of crimes. The regulations of legal acts of the XVIII-XX centuries are compared with the current regulations of the regulatory legal acts of Ukraine. The certain aspects of a specialist procedural status in criminal proceeding of Ukraine and other states are highlighted. Conclusions of the research. Thus, the article presents a journey into the history of formation of party to a proceeding of a specialist, compares the provisions of the regulatory legal acts of the XVIII-XX centuries and scientific works of those times with current procedural status of a specialist of Ukraine and other states.Раскрыто становления института привлечения специалиста во время уголовного производства. Проанализированы нормы законодательных актов, которые регламентируют организацию и тактику привлечения специалиста при расследовании преступлений. Обозначены позиции известных ученых относительно участия различных специалистов в уголовном судопроизводстве и осуществлено сравнение с современным процессуальном статусом специалиста во время досудебного расследования в Украине и в других государствахРозкрито становлення інституту залучення спеціаліста під час кримінального провадження. Проаналізовано норми законодавчих актів, у яких регламентувалася організація і тактика залучення спеціаліста при розслідуванні злочинів. Виокремлено позиції відомих вчених щодо участі різноманітних спеціалістів у кримінальному судочинстві та здійснене порівняння із сучасним процесуальним статусом спеціаліста під час досудового розслідування в Україні та інших держава
До питання змісту та обсягу поняття особи неповнолітнього корисливо-насильницького злочинця
Get PDFThe contents and the specific scope of the notion “the personality of juvenile violent lucrative delinquent» from the position of system analysis is reveals in this scientific article. In addition, the article is examination of the different points of view with regard to the structural elements, which formed the basis of criminological study of such person.В статье с позиций системного анализа раскрывается содержание и определяется объем понятия «личность несовершеннолетнего корыстно-насильственного преступника». Кроме того, в научной статье осуществляется рассмотрение различных точек зрения относительно структурных элементов, положенных в основу криминологического изучения такой личности.У статті з позиції системного аналізу розкрито зміст та визначено обсяг поняття «особа неповнолітнього корисливо-насильницького злочинця». Розглянуто різні точки зору стосовно структурних елементів, які закладаються в підґрунтя кримінологічного вивчення такої особи
Право на свободу віросповідання: судовий захист та деякі проблеми реалізації
Get PDFIn terms of determining the course of European integrationand the declaration at the constitutional level objectives in Ukraine building legal,democratic state special importance is the issue of full and effective guarantee ofhuman rights, including freedom of religion. State ensure the implementation of saidfundamental right, among other things, much depends on the nature of relationsbetween the state and religious organizations, models and establishment ofrelationships, their regulation. Thus a leading role in ensuring the freedom of religionplaying courts. In addition, the recent events taking place in Europe (the terroristattacks in Paris, the introduction of increased level of terrorist threat in Brussels, etc.)led to the aggravation of interethnic and interreligious relations, set a new stage theproblem of balance of traditional European values (freedom of speech) rights ofreligious ( eg Muslim) minority.Recent research and publications analysis. To the analysis judicialguarantees the right to freedom of religion, in particular, such researchers applied asP. Rabinovich, S. Shevchuk, GL Sergienko, D. Vovk.Paper main body. The article deals with the problem of judicial protection ofthe right to freedom of thought and religion by means of domestic legal proceedings,as well as the European Court of Human Rights proved that religious organizations ascivil society institutions are autonomous entities and is therefore neither the state norits agencies or territorial communities or local authorities acting on their behalf, havethe right to determine at a central or local level priority or restrict this or that religion,to provide special protection and the legal status of a religious organization tointerfere with the due process of law activities of religious organizations and fundtheir activity, change their subordination in canonical and organizational matters ofany action in Ukraine and beyond religious centers (management).Conclusions of the research. national legislation on freedom of religion issufficiently liberal to determine the order of the constitutional right of citizens ofUkraine, determination of the legal status of religious communities and theirrelationship with the state. However, the administrative practice of state and localgovernment establishes many unjustified interference with the right of persons tofreedom of religion and belief, including the issues of internal activities of religiousorganizations. In addition, these actions of the authorities and certain legal provisionsinconsistent with the provisions of the Convention for the Protection of HumanRights and Fundamental Freedoms and the practice of the ECHR.Рассмотрены проблемы судебной защиты права на свободу мировоззрения и вероисповедания средствами отечественного судопроизводства, а также Европейского Суда по правам человека. Доказано, что религиозные организации как институты гражданского общества являются автономными образованиями и именно поэтому ни государство, ни его органы, ни территориальные общины, ни органы местного самоуправления, которые действуют от их имени, не имеют права определять на центральном или местном уровнях приоритетной или ограничивать ту или другую религию, оказывать особую защиту и юридический статус той или иной религиозной организации, вмешиваться в осуществляемую в рамках закона деятельность религиозных организаций и финансировать их деятельность, изменять их подчиненность в канонических и организационных вопросах любым действующем в Украине и за ее пределами религиозным центрам (управлениям)Розглянуто проблеми судового захисту права на свободу світогляду та віросповідання засобами вітчизняного судочинства, а також Європейського Суду з прав людини. Доведено, що релігійні організації як інститути громадянського суспільства є автономними утвореннями і саме тому ні держава, ні її органи, ні територіальні громади, ні органи місцевого самоврядування, котрі діють від їх імені, не мають права визначати на центральному чи локальному рівнях пріоритетною або обмежувати ту чи іншу релігію, надавати особливий захист та юридичний статус тій чи іншій релігійній організації, втручатись у здійснювану в межах закону діяльність релігійних організацій та фінансувати їх діяльність, змінювати їх підлеглість у канонічних і організаційних питаннях будь-яким діючім в Україні та за її межами релігійним центрам (управлінням
Місце способу злочину у сфері економічної діяльності в системі криміналістичної характеристики
Get PDFThe criminalistics features of methods of crimes in the sphere of economic activity are analyzed, the concept of criminalistics description of crimes is investigated, the structure of criminalistics description of crimes in the sphere of economic activity is offered and the location of method in its system is determined.Проанализированы криминалистические особенности способов преступлений в сфере экономической деятельности, исследовано понятие криминалистической характеристики преступлений, предложена структура криминалистической характеристики преступлений в сфере экономической деятельности и определено место способа в ее системеПроаналізовано криміналістичні особливості способів злочинів у сфері економічної діяльності, досліджено поняття криміналістичної характеристики злочинів, запропонована структура криміналістичної характеристики злочинів у сфері економічної діяльності та визначено місце способу в її системі
Вторинні джерела англо-американського права
Get PDFProblem setting. Improvement of the domestic system of the sources of law being the important part of the legal system of Ukraine modernization is virtually impossible without working out of the logically consistent and not internally contradictory theoretical model of the source of law, revealing of the vertical and horizontal ties between different sources of law, tendencies of their development, peculiarities of their interaction with other elements of the legal system. In connection with this it is actual and useful the investigation of the foreign models of the sources of law, regularities of their development and also implementation in the national legal system of the corresponding foreign legal experience. System analysis of sources of the Anglo-American of law gives the possibility to take a fresh look at such sources of law as normative-legal act and legal precedent, to reveal their shortcomings and advantages, peculiarities of their interrelation and interaction with secondary sources of law. Recent research and publications analysis. Works by W. Burnham, R. Cross, R. David, N. Duxbury, L. Fuller, J. Gray, J. Merryman, S. Pohrebniak, R. Pound, M. Radin, F. Schauer F. Shecaira, S. Shevchuk, K. Zweigert are noteworthy among modern scientists researching this problem. Paper objective. The main tasks and goals of the article set by the author are as follows: determination of the main approaches in the Anglo-American jurisdiction to the interpretation of the concept «source of law», determination of the interrelations and interaction between primary and secondary sources of law, peculiarities of their use in the legal practice , in particularly, in the case of enforcement of law. Paper main body. Complex historical process of the sources of law formation in the legal systems of the Anglo-American legal family has taken place under direct and significant influence of the judicial corps representatives. It is not only concerns of the main source of the Anglo-American law, that is, precedent being the product l of the court lawmaking. It is as the result of the activity of the judges that such sources of law as «general rules » of the courts, written by the prominent lawyers, mainly, by judges, so-called, «books of authority»; legal custom that acquire legal and regulatory character in the event of judicial sanctioning. Characterizing the role and significance of the legislation (statute law) in the legal life of the modern countries of the general law, determining its interrelations and interaction with the precedent law it is necessary to take into account that statute norms «revive» exactly in the court practice. The courts use the statute norms in the case when they have been interpreted by the highest judicial instances in the framework of the particular case decision. Conclusions of the research. The statement that enforcement of law is based on the formal and dogmatic approach to law and especially mechanical use of the legal regulations, in fact, making it impossible adoption of reasonable and equitable decisions is recognized among lawyers of the Anglo-American tradition. That is why, the judges in the countries of the Anglo-American law often turn to non-legal sources of law and secondary (additional) sources of law, first of all, to the scientific sources. Herewith, the legal science has influence on the enforcement of law in two basic forms. Firstly, when scientific statements become part of the legal consciousness of the enforcement of law subjects in the course of the study by them of the scientific works .In this case, we are talking about indirect influence of the scientific thought on the legally significant decisions made by judges . Secondly, under the conditions of the controversial practice of the norms of law use, presence of the gaps in the legislation, collisions of the legal regulations it is used by the judicial bodies scientific positions as mean of the additional argumentation referring in their decisions to lawyer authoritative works. This make their legal position more convincing, logical and well grounded.Рассмотрены основные подходы к толкованию понятия «источник права» в англо- американской юриспруденции, охарактеризованы различные виды источников права, приведены основные их классификации. Особое внимание уделено исследованию вторичных источников права и неюридических источников. На основе анализа судебной практики в странах англо-американского права установлено, что судьи при осуществлении правосудия не ограничиваются исключительно статутами и прецедентами. При разрешении сложных дел, при интерпретации статутов, при изменении прецедентов, в конституционном Теорія і практика правознавства. – Вип. 2 (6) / 2014 До 210-річчя Університету 21 судопроизводстве судьи часто обращаются именно к неправовой информации и вторичным источникам права, непосредственно цитируя их в судебных решениях, что делает их правовую позицию более обоснованной и убеждающей.Розглянуто основні підходи до тлумачення поняття «джерело права» в англо- американській юриспруденції, охарактеризовано різні види джерел права, наведено основні їх класифікації. Особливу увагу приділено дослідженню вторинних джерелах права та неюридичних джерел. На основі аналізу судової практики в країнах англо-американського права встановлено, що судді при здійсненні судочинства не обмежуються виключно статутами та прецедентами. При вирішенні складних справ, інтерпретації статутів, зміні прецедентів, у конституційному судочинстві судді часто звертаються до неправової інформації й вторинних джерел права, безпосередньо цитуючи їх у судових рішеннях, що робить їх правову позицію більш обґрунтованою й переконливо
Деякі правові аспекти комплексного освоєння підземного простору мегаполісів
Get PDFAnalysis of current legislation and jurisprudence practiceshows that the use of underground space of cities creates a significant number ofproblems. In this article, we try to describe most typical of them.Recent research and publications analysis. The choice of the article's subjectdefined by importance of problems raised in it, some aspects of which are submittedin works members of land law study as P.F. Kulinich, R.I. Marusenko,A.M. Miroshnichenko A.I. Ripenko, N.V. Shulga and others.Paper objective. The article's subject is studying of a number of law issues forcomplex development of underground space.Paper main body. Today is a time to solve problems in the field of citydevelopment, we should refuse old forms of thinking and switch to the reasonablelimits of vertical zoning, by increasing the permissible storeys, on the basis of deepspaceorganization of the whole system objects of development as the organic whole,which consists housing and all necessary social, industrial and engineeringinfrastructure, created in the underground level.Vertical zoning should be included in the zoning plans. It should be noted thatin zoning plans must consider typology and characteristics of underground structuresthrough the adoption of urban planning regulations.Except making changes in the zoning plans provisions about undergrounddevelopment, should also adopt plenty of standart acts or making additions to existingones for underground construction. Since the law allows to decide the simultaneousoperation of aboveground and underground parts of the land area, but only "to acertain extent", without giving specific and exhaustive answers to all questions thatarise in this regard.There is also need to develop engineering-geological mapping of urbanunderground space that will allow to evaluate the possibility of a secure building in aparticular location objects of underground space and significantly reduce the lengthof the stage frills building cycle.Underground spaces with objects placed on them are not subjects toregistration as land and can not be displayed in the cadastral system. Thus, revealeditself the need to use some 3D features in existing cadastral system. The first step forintroduction of this system are alreadey maded, in particular, introduced by the StateLand Cadastre and the State registry, the next step will be introduction of accountingand registration of realty objects in three dimensions.Conclusions of the research. In Ukraine there are several problems that holdscomplex development of underground space. First of all, it is a complete lack offundamental documents defining prospects in elaboration of undergroundconstruction. A lot of problems are in the technical regulation: there is no regulationrequirements for construction of large number of objects just because earlier inUkraine there were not built at all. In addition, there are no legislative acts regulatinginvestment in the construction of underground structures, allocation of plots,obtaining ownership of the facility and more.Рассмотрены актуальные правовые вопросы и современные тенденции развития подземного строительства мегаполисов. Отмеченные проблемы законодательного урегулирования, сформулированны некоторые предложения по их решениюРозглянуто актуальні правові питання та сучасні тенденції розвитку підземного будівництва мегаполісів. Відзначено проблеми законодавчого врегулювання, сформульовано певні пропозиції щодо їх вирішенн