Theory and Practice of Jurisprudence (E-Journal - Yaroslav Mudryi National Law University)
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Місце конституційно-правової відповідальності уряду серед інших видів юридичної відповідальності
Get PDFProblem setting. The article deals with general matters of constitutional liability of government, which has insufficient doctrine foundation and is not properly incorporated into legislation. Constitutional liability of government has complicated political nature which makes it difficult to distinguish this form of liability from political and kinds of legal liability. Recent research and publications analysis. Some aspects of constitutional legal liability of government were researched by Yu. Barabach, N. Batanova, N. Bobrova, O. Sovgiria, S. Serohina, Yu Todyka and others. But scientific researches of constitutional liability of government are fragmentary or deal with the analysis of political responsibility. Paper objective is to analyze approaches and establish features of constitutional responsibility of government, its place among kinds of legal liability. Paper main body. There are different some common features of constitutional and other forms of legal liability: negative assessment of delinquent’s behavior by the state; normative legal regulation; connection with state enforcement; execution by authorized bodies in accordance with special legal procedure. The research of governmental liability requires drawing a distinction between “positive” and “negative” forms of liability. The notion “positive legal liability” may be understood as conscientious attitude to duties, their correct discharge, as accountability (special relationship between subjects of constitutional law). This approach may lead to the problem of distinguishing constitutional and political2responsibility of government. There are different views on the governmental responsibility: government bears only political responsibility; it can bear both political and constitutional liability; the liability of government as a separate type including features of political and constitutional liability. The main criterion for distinguishing these forms of responsibility is the reason – constitutional tort. Some of its features such as social danger (including its degree), illegality, culpability (it’s mentioned that culpability of collective subjects of constitutional liability differs from those of individual) and punishability are given. Conclusions of the research. On the bases of the concluded theoretical research of the problems of constitutional and legal liability attention is drawn to the fact that this form of liability is the mean guaranteeing legality, observance of constitutional principles, effective functioning of state apparatus.Проанализирована конституционно-правовая ответственность, особенности ответственности правительства, отдельные аспекты соотношения конституционно- правовой с другими видами социальной ответственности.Досліджено конституційно-правову відповідальність, особливості відповідальності уряду, окремих аспектів співвідношення конституційно-правової з іншими видами соціальної відповідальності
Окремі аспекти недійсності заповіту
Get PDFProblem setting – Nullity is the enough widespread phenomenon in a civil law. The analysis nullity determines a requirement in finding out nullity of testament. Recent research and publications analysis – To the analysis ineffectiveness of testament, in particular, such researchers applied as Bondarev N. I., Maltsman T.B., Eydinova E. B. Paper objective – In notarial practice there was ambiguous attitude toward interpretation of positions of article 1247 the Civil code of Ukraine in the context of that embraces by a soba «time drafting of testament» and whether absence of drafting time influences in a testament on his reality. Position according to that time drafting of testament must include a hour and minute was formed in judicial practice, and unpointing of them results in violation of requirements in relation to the form of testament. Paper main body – The article is sanctified to the separate aspects nullity of testament. Nullity of testament through the prism time drafting of testament is analyzed in the article. Conclusions of the research – Drawn conclusion, that «time drafting of testament»: must contain a date (day, month, year), hour, minute of his drafting; does not belong to the manner and matter of testament; on the essence is the essential 2 element of testament. Absence in the testament of pointing on a hour and minute of his drafting must not have investigation of his nullity.Статья посвящена отдельным аспектам недействительности завещания. В статье анализируется недействительность завещания сквозь призму времени составления завещания. Делается вывод, что «время составления завещания»: должно содержать дату (день, месяц, год), час, минуту его составления; не принадлежат к форме и содержанию завещания; по своей сущности является реквизитом завещания. Отсутствие в завещании указания на час и минуту его составления не должно иметь следствием его недействительности.Стаття присвячена окремим аспектам недійсності заповіту. Проаналізовано недійсність заповіту крізь призму часу складення заповіту. Зроблено висновок, що «час складення заповіту» має містити дату (день, місяць, рік), годину, хвилину його складення; не належить до форми та змісту заповіту; за своєю суттю є реквізитом заповіту. Відсутність у заповіті вказівки на годину та хвилину його складення не повинно мати наслідком його недійсність
Дія у часі судових правоположень
Get PDFThe given study is dedicated to the temporal effect of general judicial legalprovisions. Although some amount of research (provided by T. Anakina, Y.Barabash, B. Malyshev, A. Myroshnychenko, S. Shevchuk, V. Tykhyi, Y. Todyka)has been devoted to this issue, relatively little attention has been attached to it by theUkrainian science.Thus the major task of this research is to provide the further investigation ofaction in time of judicial legal provisions, including the analysis and generalization offoreign experience in this field.This paper focuses on legal provisions that are general rules contained in diversejudicial acts and that are recognized as the law or as the law interpretation andspecification standards (also it focuses on the judicial provisions which invalidate thelegislation rules).Different views on the nature of judicial legal provisions determine to someextent the temporal characteristics of their operation. So when legal provisions areperceived purely as interpretation of law, their temporal scope is often regarded asbeing the same as the scope of the relevant rules of law. The approaches may vary incases where legal provisions are seen as the result of law detailing and law making.The author has scrutinized different approaches, existing in various legalsystems. Traditionally, a precedent is considered to have a retroactive effect incommon law countries. However, it is often given a prospective effect. Besides, aprecedent can combine the both effects in a certain way. The author analyzes2approaches to resolving these issues in the US (where prospectivity is actively used),the UK (where retroactivity is mainly applicable) and other common law systems. Incivil law systems retroactivity of judgments is often limited.This paper describes the grounds for these approaches including some principlesof law like legal certainty (and its component - res judicata) and protection oflegitimate expectations. Temporal effect of judicial acts is the result of searching thefair balance between stability of law and need to adjust it according to the changingsocial conditions. Solving of this dilemma often leads to establishing of differentrestrictions on retroactive effect of legal provisions. It often takes into account theinterests of the initiators of the trial that led to changes in the case law. Judgmentusually has the retroactive effect on them.The author draws parallels in the views on operation of legal provisions thatexist in civil and common law systems. Defending a certain direction of theirtemporal effect is associated with a corresponding view on their nature. Retroactiveand prospective approaches in common law doctrine are respectively associated withthe declaratory and law-making theories of precedent. The continental doctrineimplies such correlation with the views on legal provisions as the results of theinterpretation which only detects initial meaning of legal rules, or as the result of lawdetailingor even law-making activity.Проанализировано действие во времени судебных правоположений – общихположений судебных решений, имеющих нормативное или квазинормативное значение.Рассматрены подходы к определению направлений их действия во времени в различныхправовых системах общего и континентального права. Уделено внимание ретроактивному иперспективному направлениям такого действия, принципам права, которые ихобусловливаютПроаналізовано дію у часі судових правоположень – загальних положень судовихрішень, що мають нормативне або квазінормативне значення. Розглянуто підходи довизначення напрямків їхньої дії у часі в різних правових системах загального таконтинентального права. Приділено увагу ретроактивному та перспективному напрямкамтакої дії, принципам права, що їх зумовлюют
Про можливість визначення національності фізичної особи у порядку цивільного судочинства
Get PDFThe article is devoted to researching the mechanism of resolving one of theexisting law lacuna – the legal determination of ethnic nationality of physical person.Considering the fact that there is no document which is determined the ethnicnationality of a person at national law, author proves the possibility of determiningthe ethnic nationality of physical person under a separate procedure of civil process.It is noted that the guaranteeing the equality of citizens of the state in allspheres of public life, regardless of their race and ethnicity, by the Constitution ofUkraine haven’t got a mechanism for fixing the legal nationality of an individual. Butthe realization of certain intangible rights is possible because of their realization bynon-Ukrainian ethnicity persons and national minorities who live in Ukraine andbecome its citizens. These categories of persons in accordance with the rules of laware given below, have a number of specific rights. Thus, in accordance with p. 2 st.300 of Civil Code of Ukraine, the individual has the right to preserve ethnic, cultural,religious and linguistic identity.Actuality of article lies in substantiation of a mechanism to overcome suchgap in national legislation, as the absence of legislative opportunities to establishdocumentary or confirm the ethnicity of an individual. Particular relevance of theseissues arises, in addition to the following terms, in connection to the identifying ofethnicity of individuals during the evacuation of citizens of Ukraine of somenationalities from the territory of the antiterrorist operation, which defined by Art. 12of the Law of Ukraine "On temporary measures for the period of anti-terroristoperation".The objective of the article is a researching of normative acts, scientificsources and materials of the judiciary to substantiate the introduction of the aboveprocedures for identifying (recovery) a person to some nationality.In author`s opinion, the only mechanism for securing the legal ethnicity anindividual is to establish in court the fact of belonging of such individual to somenationalities, in the order for establishing the fact which have a legal significance.However, the described approach, through which we can talk about overcoming oneof the legal lacuna, found no support, unfortunately, in the higher and highest judicialauthorities. About the content of such correspondence with judicial authoritiesreferred to in this article.Исследован механизм разрешения одного из существующих пробелов в праве – юридического определения национальности физического лица. С учетом отсутствия в национальном праве документа, в котором определяется национальность, доказана возможность определения национальности физического лица в порядке особого производства гражданского судопроизводстваДосліджено механізм вирішення однієї з існуючих прогалин у праві – юридичного визначення національності фізичної особи. З огляду на відсутність у національному праві документа, в якому закріплюється національність, доведено можливість визначення національності фізичної особи в порядку окремого провадження цивільного судочинств
Митний режим транзиту
Get PDFThe article is devoted to determination of the customs transit regime, conditions of application, current restrictions specified requirements, the status of goods under this regime.Статья посвящена определению таможенного режима транзита, условиям применения, существующим ограничениям, установленным требованиям, статуса товаров,находится под этим режимом.Стаття присвячена визначенню митного режиму транзиту, умовам застосування, існуючим обмеженням, встановленим вимогам, статусу товарів, що знаходиться під цим режимом
Використання засобів масової інформації під час виявлення злочинів у сфері державних закупівель
Get PDFNowadays, the issue of information provision of the detectioncrimes in the sphere of public procurement is very relevant to the operational units MIAof Ukraine. After all, for efficient operational support public procurement operationalstaff must not only have some knowledge inherent in this area, and have the appropriatesource of its receipt.Recent research and publications analysis. The issues of information provisionof activity of the law enforcement agencies are studied by T. Budko, V. Vasylynchuk,I. Voronov, V. Gorbatchevski, V. Grokhol'skiy, Y. Dubko, V. Zakharov, A. Kisliy,A. Lysenko, A. Movchan, V. Nekrasov, V. Ortynsky, M. Sahakyan, A. Sniherov,V. Tarasenko, P. Halilyev, O. Yurchenko, A. Yuhno etc.However, none of the authors did not pay sufficient attention to the use of themedia during the detection of crimes in the sphere of public procurement bodies by lawenforcement agencies.The object of the article. The purpose of the article is an analysis of mediapublications in the Internet about the possible use of the operational units of internalaffairs agencies of Ukraine concerning detection of crime in public procurement.Article main body. With the adoption of the new Criminal Procedure Code ofUkraine the possibility of obtaining information about crimes and other offenses whichcommitted in the sphere of public procurement was significantly reduced.Therefore, one of the important factors for ensuring quality of operational supportthe processes of public procurement is an access to the resources of a global network ofInternet. Because of the number of information and level of its updating Internet ischaracterized as a perspective source of information.Operational units of MIA of Ukraine are carrying out analysis of the media on theInternet, besides information about misapplication in the sphere of public procurementare able to get an access to information about the methods of committing suchmisapplications, and in some cases, the methods of detection. This information willenable the operatives to plan measures aimed at identifying and documenting criminalaction in this area.Conclusions of the research. Given the above, we can conclude that the media inthe Internet is characterized as a perspective source of information during detectioncrimes in the sphere of public procurement.Статья посвящена вопросам анализа публикаций средств массовой информации в сети Internet по возможного их использования в деятельности оперативных подразделений органов внутренних дел Украины при выявлении преступлений в сфере государственных закупок. Анализ публикаций рассмотренных средств массовой информации свидетельствует о том, что средства массовой информации в сети Internet являются перспективным источником информации при выявлении преступлений в сфере государственных закупокСтаття присвячена питанням аналізу публікацій засобів масової інформації в мережі Internet щодо можливого їх використання у діяльності оперативних підрозділів органів внутрішніх справ України для виявлення злочинів у сфері державних закупівель. Аналіз публікацій розглянутих засобів масової інформації свідчить про те, що засоби масової інформації в мережі Internet є перспективним джерелом інформації під час виявлення злочинів у сфері державних закупівел
Нормотворча діяльність місцевих державних адміністрацій: проблемні питання та шляхи вдосконалення
Get PDFThe article deals with the question of legislative activity oflocal state administrations. An analysis of existing legal acts have been installed maindrawbacks of regulatory rulemaking local administrations and the ways to addressthem. The local level of the executive branch in Ukraine representing localadministrations (regional, district, Kyiv and Sevastopol City Council), the Council ofMinisters of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea and local authorities that aredirectly subordinate to central executive bodies. The procedure of rulemaking byexecutive powers regulates the general provisions of typical regional offices ofministries and other central executive body, the Law of Ukraine "On local stateadministrations", but similar to the central executive power in these regulationsandlegal acts only stipulates the right of the publication of the relevant legislation andbasic aspects of their creation.Paper objective. The main stages of the legislative process of local stateadministrations for creating orders of local state administrations are: 1) thedevelopment project orders main developer, which may be for all localadministrations structural subdivisions of state administration and other bodies ofexecutive power, and for regional administrations, district administration also;2) approval of the draft order with interested structural subdivisions of local stateadministration and other bodies of executive power, which today are mainlydetermined by the developer; 3) optional stage, which is in the public discussion ofpublic acts are defined as being non-negotiable; 4) to discuss the order in the office ofthe local administration, after which the absence of comments the project passed thehead of the local administration to sign. Thus, the rule-making process of localauthorities such as local administrations as a form of local government authorities,the legislative process is different from the general availability of additional stage -the final order to discuss the administration head in the office administration.Paper main body. In summary, we note that the rule-making process of localstate administrations now settled in general. That is why in this area is still a lot ofissues that are only superficially appear in a typical local regulations stateadministration, being declared in the form of rules, which in fact does not solve theissue, but only causes many problems associated with their implementation. First ofall, it concerns the issue in terms of the legislative process in general and thelegislative process of local authorities in particular. To resolve this problem promptedmost specifically regulate the terms of the legislative process of the executive powerin Ukraine in all its stages, depending on the type of legal act to be adopted. Settingdeadlines creation of legal acts of executive power terms is to simplify and improvethe activities of executive planning rulemaking and appropriate implementation of theplanned activities; hinder and delay in the implementation of deceleration executivebodies of legislative activity and in accordance facilitate timely and promptregulation of social relations and, consequently, rights, freedoms and legitimateinterests of individuals and legal entities.Рассмотрены вопросы нормотворческой деятельности местных государственных администраций. В результате анализа действующих нормативно-правовых актов установлены основные недостатки нормативного регулирования нормотворческой деятельности местных государственных администраций и определены пути их устраненияРозглянуто питання нормотворчої діяльності місцевих державних адміністрацій. У результаті аналізу діючих нормативно-правових актів були встановлені основні недоліки нормативного регулювання нормотворчої діяльності місцевих державних адміністрацій і визначені шляхи їх усуненн
Історія становлення і розвитку законодавства України у сфері охорони об’єктів археологічної та культурної спадщини
Get PDFIn the article the author has examined questions about the history of the formation and development of Ukrainian legislation in the field of archaeological and cultural heritage.Исследована история становления и развития законодательства Украины в сфере охраны объектов археологического и культурного наследия.Досліджено історію становлення і розвитку законодавства України у сфері охорони об’єктів археологічної та культурної спадщини
Видовий об’єкт посягання на територіальну цілісність і недоторканність України
Get PDFПроанализированы существующие в науке уголовного права взгляды на место посягательства на территориальную целостность и неприкосновенность Украины в системе преступлений против основ национальной безопасности Украины. Определены критерии выделения видового объекта посягательства на территориальную целостности и неприкосновенность Украины. Предложено считать видовым объектом преступления, предусмотренного ст. 110 УК, основы народного суверенитета.Проаналізовано існуючі в науці кримінального права погляди на місце посягання на територіальну цілісність і недоторканність України в системі злочинів проти основ національної безпеки України. Визначено критерії виділення видового об’єкта посягання на територіальну цілісність і недоторканність України. Запропоновано видовим об’єктом злочину, передбаченого ст. 110 КК вважати основи народного суверенітету
Глава держави у президентській республіці
Get PDFStatement of the problem. Tasks of this article are researching role and place of the President in the mechanism of government functioning of presidential republic, determining advantages and imperfection of possible building such republic for different states of the world, including for Ukraine. Relevance of the research. Realization of constitutional reform in Ukraine raises the question of determining the best form of government for our state. One of variants there is a possible construction in Ukraine presidential republic with a "strong" president. Therefore, analysis of plenary powers, determination the place of the Head of the state in a system of division of government power of presidential republic, pointing attention to his plenary powers and cooperating with other public authorities is relevant. Analysis of recent researches and publications. Studies of both national and foreign researchers of this issue end of 20 beginning of 21st centuries are analyzed in the article. Aim of the article. The aim of the article is an analysis of plenary powers of the Head of state in presidential republics, determination his relationship with other state agencies for decision of necessity and possibility of forming such republic in states with other forms of government. The main material. The article analyzes the place and role of the Head of state in a presidential republic, who is the President in presidential republic. The range of his power quite wide as he also is the chief of executive power. As the USA is the classic presidential republic in literature, as powers of the President of this country analyzes first of all. In basis of organization of state power in all democratic countries is a model of division of state power that is analyzed in 3 aspects: institutional, functional and structural. Institutional aspect consists in that there are three branches of power (legislative, executive and judicial) with systems of corresponding public authorities for their implementation. The functional aspect is in functional independence of the branches from each other, but at the same time in their interaction, balancing, limitation and control. The author analyzes two variants of the relationship between the legislative and executive branches of power - divided rule (president and parliamentary majority belong to different political parties) and single-party rule and the second variant - the president and the parliamentary majority belongs to the same party. In the functional aspect the Head of state in presidential republics endowed with broad powers - such as the right of veto, delegated legislation, direct or indirect legislative initiative etc. The article also reviews the structural aspect of the division of powers, which is in fact that the president and the government from one side and Parliament from the other direction are independent one from another and are not subordinate in direct, each of them based directly on the mandate of the people. The author also considers in the article presidential republics of Latin America, Africa, where the president is the Head of government, leader of the ruling and often a single legally existing party, heads the Cabinet of Ministers, which in its turn has not constitutional status and its structure, order of forming, functioning and responsibilities are established by the President on the basis of political practice and he concentrates huge power that allows him almost alone solve most issues of public administration. Similar monocratic republic received the name "superpresidential republics". The author draws attention that the presidential republic can function effectively only at the presence constant democratic traditions, high legal and political culture of the society, independent judiciary. Conclusions of the research. Presidential republic is a state with the clearest fixing of principle of division of the government power, president and parliament are almost independent from each other bodies, as get the mandate of trust directly from people. However, they can effectively restrain each other in the process of plenary powers realization. Thus efficiency of functioning such state system based on democratic traditions is possible only at presence of the developed civil society, high legal and political culture, proper functioning of independent judicial system. In the states of transition type, to that Ukraine belongs also, such State will be either ineffective, or turn into the state with extremely strong president of authoritarian or semi-authoritarian state-legal regime.Проанализированы роль и место президента, его полномочия как главы государства, так и главы правительства, в системе разделения властей в президентской республике, рассмотрена система сдержек и противовесов в таких республиках. Особое внимание уделено президентам в республиках, которые в научной литературе называются «суперпрезидентскими»Проаналізовано роль і місце президента, його повноваження як глави держави, так і глави уряду в системі поділу влади в президентській республіці, розглянуто систему стримувань і противаг у таких республіках. Особливу увагу приділено президентам у республіках, які в науковій літературі називаються «суперпрезидентськими