Theory and Practice of Jurisprudence (E-Journal - Yaroslav Mudryi National Law University)
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Теоретичні засади права на екологічну інформацію
Get PDFProblem setting. According to the evolution of human rights are divided into: the right of the first, second law and the rights of third generation depending ox historical era of society. However, in modern legal literature emerged ideas for possible allocation of a separate group of fourth-generation rights - human rights, in particular these include environmental law. In this respect the position deserves attention N. Kobetskoyi, which emphasizes that it is necessary to distinguish between the concept of "rights of citizens in environmental relations" and "environmental rights". She believes that the concept is much narrower first. The rights of citizens in environmental relations cover all of the powers which are somehow related to the environment, natural resources. General environmental law - a qualitatively new group of human and civil rights, which is different from the law of nature primarily focus on meeting environmental, rather than physical, spiritual and aesthetic needs and interests Recent research and publications analysis. It should be noted that this problem is reflected in the writings of many scientists. In particular, M. Volyk, S. Golub, V. Krayeva, L. Nechyporuk, V. Ovdiyenko, T. Suhorebroyi, P. Tihiy, A. Tomina. Paper objective. It consists in the study: the definition of "environmental information", its signs and types and characteristics of environmental and legal relations in determining the right to environmental information; the essence of theconcept of "right to environmental information", its content, sources, subjects of the implementation of this law and its implementation mechanism enshrined in the current legislation of Ukraine; determining the characteristics of access to environmental information as a public information about the environment, carrying out separation of environmental information from business data. Paper main body. As the information is distributed, is available for hundreds of millions of people, it is becoming increasingly high financial power that affects not only the technical issues but also on the economy as a whole, social, environmental sector, the nature of modern thought and thinking. This manifests the complexity and urgency of the regulation of social relations in the field of acquisition, storage and dissemination of information. According to Art. 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, "Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and expression; this right includes freedom to hold freely trans-nan and to seek, receive and impart information and ideas through any means and regardless of frontiers ". Similar provisions are contained in the Constitution of Ukraine - "Everyone has the right to freedom of opinion and speech, freedom of expression and belief. Everyone has the right to freely collect, use and disseminate information orally, in writing or otherwise - of their choice. Conclusions of the research. Based on the content of the information types listed above, it is logical to conclude that such a list is much better suited for a broad meaning of the term "environmental information" rather than the term "information about the state of the environment", which in fact mentioned in paragraph 1 of 1 Article 25 of the Law of Ukraine "On environmental Protection". However, it appears that the use of the law of double term "information about the state of the environment" (environmental information) and created this tautology in defining the legislature were made deliberately, because the definition introduced in national legislation, which has used the term "environmental information "in connection with ratification of the Aarhus Convention, which uses the term" environmental information ". Thus it was ensured that the constitutional guarantee of openness and access the information to classify the prohibition applies to the full range ofenvironmental information listed in Article 25 of the Law of Ukraine "On Environmental Protection" and Article 2 of the Aarhus Convention. It should also be noted that there are difficulties associated with the realization of the right to environmental information that indicate very poor effective mechanism for regulation of these relations.Рассмотрены теоретические аспекты научного и нормативно-правового определения понятия экологической информации и реализации этого конституционного экологического права гражданина. Проанализированы основные определения экологической информации, которые даются в международном и национальном законодательстве, их недостатки и предложены усовершенствования определения термина «экологическая информация».Розглянуто основні теоретичні аспекти наукового і нормативно-правового визначення поняття екологічної інформації та реалізації цього конституційного екологічного права громадянина. Проаналізовано основні визначення екологічної інформації, які даються в міжнародному та національному законодавстві, їх недоліки та запропоновано вдосконалення визначення терміна «екологічна інформація»
Актуальні правові проблеми функціонування сільських територій в Україні
Get PDFProblem setting. The last two decades of growing «gap» between urban development and rural areas, which on paper may prove statistics, and for visual proof of this fact is enough to visit a few villages in various regions of our country. The most difficult problems in the countryside among many others is the lack of motivation to work, poverty, labor migration, unemployment, lack of social infrastructure, deepening demographic crisis and the withering away of villages. Recent research and publications analysis. Research on the functioning of public relations in the field of sustainable rural development and analysis of legal and economic nature have devoted their research leading domestic and foreign scholars: V. M. Ermolenko, M. I. Kozir, P. F. Kulinich, A. V. Lisovyi, V. V. Nosik, A. I. Pavlov, A. M. Stativka, V. Y. Urkevych, M. V. Shulha and other scientists. Still open is very acute problem of legal support and overcoming gaps legislation on public relations for the revival of rural areas from the doldrums of their sustainable socio-economic and environmental development. Paper objective. Main objective of the article is based on structural analysis of the norms of existing national legislation and recent scientific literature relevant to clarify the theoretical and legal problems of rural areas in Ukraine, which will make it possible to develop recommendations to improve the agrarian regulations and other legislation. Paper main body. In economically developed countries implemented policies align economic development of the region to the center, and not vice versa, as the years have tried to implement in Ukraine on the principle of centralization of power. Thus the social constitutional state must act springboard for self regions. Legitimate definition of «rural area» and «depressed rural areas» in domestic legislation still exists. However, the science produced a large number of definitions, including rural and sustainable rural development. Depressed rural areas can be considered rural areas, where over the past three years, rural population density, rate of natural increase of population, the level of average wages and the volume of sales of agricultural products (works, services) per capita is much lower and the share of employment in agriculture sector is significantly higher than the corresponding average of the areas of this group. Conclusions of the research. Complex social relations in the field of sustainable development of rural areas as well as to revive the depressed rural areas are the elements of agrarian relations is the subject field of agrarian law in Ukraine. Such categories as «depressed rural areas» and «sustainable rural development» can not be an abstract object agro-regulation. These categories require legal consolidation of the Law of Ukraine of 24 June 2004 year № 1877-IV «About State Support of Agriculture of Ukraine». The first step of our country in the process of convergence State Agrarian Policy of Ukraine and the Common Agricultural Policy should be to increase accountability for violations in the agricultural sector because of abuse and criminal offenses in this area undermine the food security of Ukraine, and is further compounded by the economic crisis in the country, and put away the possibility Ukraine become a full member. To ensure the implementation of the priority areas of sustainable development of rural areas, it is advisable to use 4 main groups of instruments: 1) improving the legal framework of rural development at national, regional and local levels; 2) optimization of financial and fiscal relations with rural development at all levels; 3) improving the forms and methods of economic development of rural areas and finally; 4) improving the efficiency of the legislative and executive bodies at all levels and enterprises, organizations and institutions that ensure the sustainable development of rural areas.Проанализированы современные правовые проблемы устойчивого развития сельских территорий в Украине. Исследована сущность категорий «сельская территория», «депрессивная сельская территория», устойчивое развитие сельских территорий, акцентировано внимание на правовую природу устойчивого развития сельских территорий, его признаков и особенности, тенденций внедрения в Украине и странах Европейского Союза. Высказано и обосновано предложения относительно места общественных отношений в сфере обеспечения устойчивого развития сельских территорий в структуре предмета отрасли аграрного права УкраиныПроаналізовано сучасні правові проблеми сталого розвитку сільських територій в Україні. Досліджено сутність категорій «сільська територія», «депресивна сільська територія», «сталий розвиток сільських територій», акцентовано увагу на правову природу сталого розвитку сільських територій, його ознак та особливості, тенденцій впровадження в Україні та країнах Європейського Союзу. Висловлено та обґрунтовано пропозиції щодо місця суспільних відносин в сфері забезпечення сталого розвитку сільських територій в структурі предмета галузі аграрного права України
Теоретичні та організаційні основи призначення і проведення судово-економічної експертизи
Get PDFThe main tasks that are accomplished by a forensic audit examination are worded in the paper, issues related to ordering and conducting a forensic audit examination are considered. The analisys of the essential normative acts is provided.Сформулированы основные задачи, разрешаемые судебно-экономической экспертизой, рассмотрены вопросы назначения и производство судебно-экономической экспертизы. Дан анализ основных нормативных актов.Сформульовано основні завдання, які вирішує судово-економічна експертиза, розглянуто питання призначення та проведення судово-економічної експертизи, проаналізовано основні нормативні акти
Щодо проблемних питань визначення об’єкта податку на прибуток підприємств
Get PDFThe objective of the article by Shorokhova Yuliia Serhiivna «On theproblematic issues of determining the object of income tax» is highlighting theproblematic issues in defining corporate income tax. Analyzing scientific literature,examining the article of the scientists who studied these issues, studying relatedregulatory legal acts, all this was done to find the correct answer to the question ofdefining the object of income tax.Corporate income tax is one or even the main of budget-forming taxes, whichhas always played an important role in the development and functioning of the state.Therefore, when considering the corporate income tax it is necessary to examine oneof the key elements of the tax and corporate income tax - the object of taxation andthe object of taxable income. That is what we are doing in this article, because due tothis tax element the formation of revenues to the state treasury takes place.Upon considering the issue of the object of taxable corporate income tax therewere identified a number of important concepts, “the object of taxation”, “subject oftaxation”, “source of tax”. It is important for formulating a more precise definition of“the object of taxation” and then “the object of taxable income”.Art. 22 of the Tax Code of Ukraine (hereinafter the TC of Ukraine) states thatthe object of taxation may be property, goods, income (profit) or a part thereof,turnover from the sale of goods (works, services), transactions on the supply of goods(works, services) and other objects defined by the tax legislation, to the presence ofwhich the tax law reefers the emergence of a taxpayer's tax obligation.The author of the article having examined a large number of sources, concludesthat the science of tax law has different views on the definition of the subject and theobject of taxation, but scientists generally can be divided into two opposing groups.One of them belives that the object and subject of taxation should not be separatedand the others vice versa see a number of problems and give examples of theseproblems, if they are taken as a whole.Analyzing the experience of outstanding scientists of both ancient and moderntimes it becomes clear, making a comparative analysis of the laws of other countries,we agree with those scientists who focus their attention on the feasibility ofseparating these legal categories.To make a conclusion on the entire material reviewed by us, it should be notedimportantly, having examined the Ukrainian legislation, partly the legislation of someEuropean countries, having analyzed the works of outstanding scientists, it should benoted that a large number of scientists who were interested in the issue of “the objectof taxation” made a significant contribution to the science of tax law. Without theirwork relating this issue it was not possible develop legal instrumentarium andprovide the correct, substantial and clear definitions in the legislation. From theanalysis of the law is clear that the significant disadvantage of the Tax Code ofUkraine is the lack of definition of the object of taxable corporate income tax, andthere only the scheme of income calculation.Статья посвящена анализу объекта налога на прибыль предприятий в соответствии с действующим Налоговым кодексом Украины. В ней обращается внимание на позиции ряда учених, исследовавших данню проблему. Рассмотрены подходы различных законодательств, как европейского так и законодательства постсоветских странПроаналізовано об’єкт податку на прибуток підприємств відповідно до чинного Податкового кодексу України. Звернено увагу на позиції низки вчених, які досліджували дану проблему. Розглянуто підходи різних законодавств як європейського, так і законодавства пострадянських краї
Законні інтереси засудженого
Get PDFProblem setting: Institute of the legitimate interests of convicted raises the question of the need to include it in the structure of the legal status of the convicted person. In addition, uncertainty remains the content of legitimate interests of the convicts, and the definition of the legitimate interests of the convicted person. Recent research and publications analysis: Research on the question of the legitimate interests of the convicted devoted attention, including such scholars V.I. Seliverstov, A.V. Lysodyed. But despite the existence of studies of this issue, today it can be argued that there is no consensus regarding the legitimate interests of the convict, no comprehensive and scientifically grounded approach to clarify the question of whether to allocate a structural unit of the legal status of prisoners as a legitimate interest and if you still allocate it, what content to fill this notion. Paper objective: The purpose of this paper is the definition of the legitimate interests of the convicted and their place in the structure of the legal status of the convicted person. Paper main body: The author states that the legal status of the convicted person, as a kind of special status of a person, includes in its structure specific rights and obligations. Given that the status of the convicted based on the general status of the person, which means that the convict including legitimate interests, but their meaning goes beyond the special status of the convicted The paper identified the essential features of legitimate interest: - It is emotional - the intellectual activity of a person which has not yet reached volitional fulfillment; - Has a legitimate interest in the nature of intention, which has the potential possibility of actual implementation; - This intention, when you try to implement it, provides multi-vector activities which usually refers to the different spheres of social relations and different areas of law; - Legitimate interest does not provide security duty for specific action to another entity of certain social relations but can be realized only within certain rights or obligations entity. Conclusions of the research: Despite the fact that the status of the convicted based on the general status of the person, which means that the convict including legitimate interests, but their meaning goes beyond the special status of the convict, involve various areas of law and provides (when you try to implement them) varied and varied activities of both the convict, so other people (like prison service and other enterprises, institutions, organizations and individuals) Аbstract: This paper is devoted to the consideration of the legitimate interests of the convicted person as a pillar of the legal status of the convict. The author determines the real structure of the legal status of the convicted person and establishes whether the legitimate interests of the convict are the necessary elements of the legal status of a convicted person who is serving his sentence. The article gives a definition of the legitimate interests of the convicted and determines their place in the criminal-executive relations. The provisions for the person regarding whom the punishment is implemented are outlined. Key words: legitimate interests of the convicted person, the legal status of the convicted person, the structure of the status of the convicted person, the notion of the legitimate interests of the convicted person, features of legitimate interests of the convicted person.Рассмотрен вопрос о законных интересах осужденного, как одной из составляющих правового статуса осужденного. Автор выясняет действительную структуру правового статуса осужденного, устанавливает относятся ли законные интересы к необходимым элементам правового положения осужденного лица во время отбывания наказания. В статье приведено определения понятия законных интересов осужденного и указано их место в уголовно-исполнительных правоотношениях и очерчено положение лица при исполнении наказания в отношении этого лица.Розглянуто питання про законні інтереси засудженого як однієї із складових правового статусу засудженого. З’ясовано дійсну структуру правового статусу засудженого, встановлено, чи відносяться законні інтереси до необхідних елементів правового становища засудженої особи під час відбування покарання. Наведено визначення поняття законних інтересів засудженого та вказано на їх місце у кримінально-виконавчих правовідносинах та окреслено положення особи при виконанні покарання щодо неї
Аналіз державної політики сфери культури в Україні (1991 – 2001 рр.)
Get PDFCultural policy of independent Ukraine in the first decade of its existence wasformed in difficult political, economic, historical and cultural circumstances. Thearticle analyzes the system of decision making conceptual state authorities, on themain areas of cultural policy in the early years of building an independent UkrainianState (1991-2001 biennium).Culture Industry in the day revolutionary process has always been the mostfavorable on progressive change. And if ideological changes in Ukraine in the earlyyears of building an independent state (1991-2001 gg.) Were stormy, bright andvisible, the structural transformation of the organizational culture of publicadministration, its funding, creation of an appropriate framework zakono¬davchoyioccurred slowly, not always logically and scientifically justified.The study of these processes, the analysis of the response of the main branchesof the central government to tackle the crisis in the national culture and its reform,has considerable practical value, the results may be considered legislators, publicadministrators, heads of institutions and cultural institutions.Therefore, the analysis of major general rulemaking government agencies inbuilding priorities, consistency adoption and implementation of political decisions inthe cultural sphere in the first decade of independence Ukraine has becomeincreasingly necessary. These documents are the foundation historiographical scienceto understand the subject of achievements, strengths and weaknesses in the area ofcultural development during this period.All branch showed significant activity in the cultural sphere, reissuinglegislative framework addressing current problems, create new institutions or changethe status of the old and more. The main thing – the study of how this is done, howconsciously with which ideological load, for what purpose (declared or unconscious)the consequences resulted. All legislative acts of the time were full reflection of thecontradictions of perestroika era that influenced public policy in the cultural sphere inUkraine and creation of a new culture independent state in the study period.В статье анализируется система принятия концептуальных решений органами государственной власти относительно основных направлений культурной политики в первые годы построения независимого украинского государства (1991–2001 гг.)Проаналізовано систему прийняття концептуальних рішень органами державної влади з основних напрямів культурної політики в перші роки побудови незалежної Української держави (1991–2001 рр.
Роль негативних обставин у формуванні ідеальних слідів
Get PDFProblem setting: Important and perspective direction of tactical vehicle’ development of criminalistics science in an exposure and receipt of complete, reliable and objective information is research of ideal tracks, mechanism of their forming and factors that influence on their forming. Recent research and publications analysis: In the special literature certain attention was spared to research of negative circumstances in investigation of crimes in labors of next scientists: R.S. Belkin, A.I. Vinberg, A.V. Dulov, V.Yu. Shepitko et al. However, the analysis of the special literary sources allows to assert that value and role of negative circumstances in forming of ideal tracks investigational not enough, separate questions remain debatable. Absent sound researches in relation to the transmitters of negative circumstances, not set forth positions about the value of negative circumstances, features of their exposure, and also possibilities of their use in finishing telling. All of it allows to talk about scientific interest of the put range of problems. Paper objective:The article is devoted to research of psychological nature of ideal tracks’ forming and role of negative circumstances in forming of ideal tracks. Paper main body: Influence of objective and subjective factors is in-process considered on the mechanism of ideal tracks’ forming: – paid attention to research of negative circumstances and their role in forming of ideal tracks;– the question of influence of negative circumstances is investigational on forming of ideal tracks in a conflict situation; – paid attention that influence research of other factors on forming of ideal tracks; – it is investigational essence and value of process of forgetting on forming of ideal tracks. Conclusions of the research: The content of ideal tracks can be exposed only by methods, receptions and rules of communication. An able exposure, estimation and research of negative circumstances, in most cases will assist complete, all-round and objective establishment of truth within the framework of investigation of crimes. Determination of degree of influence of negative circumstances on forming of ideal tracks will assist the correct estimation of the got information, exposure and selection of different sort of errors that arise out of nature of ideal tracks’ forming and to the improvement of tactical arsenal of realization of separate inquisitional (of criminal investigation) actions.Исследована психологическая природа формирования идеальных следов, которая лежит в плоскости соотношения процесса формирования идеальных следов и процесса формирования показаний. Рассмотрены негативные обстоятельства и их роль в формировании идеальных следов, влияние объективных и субъективных факторов на механизм формирования идеальных следов, а также влияние негативных обстоятельств на формирование идеальных следов в конфликтной ситуацииДосліджено психологічну природу формування ідеальних слідів, що лежить у площині співвідношення механізму формування ідеальних слідів та процесу формування показань. Розглянуто негативні обставини та їх роль у формуванні ідеальних слідів, вплив об’єктивних і суб’єктивних чинників на механізм формування ідеальних слідів, а також питання впливу негативних обставин на формування ідеальних слідів в конфліктній ситуації
Проблеми організації розслідування крадіжок автотранспортних засобів
Get PDFWe consider the problem of investigating thefts of vehicles. The essence of the concept of the investigation. Shows for the implementation of investigating thefts of vehicles. Characterized managerial problems, problems of cooperation and implementation information maintenance during the investigation of thefts of vehicles. Recently, forensic begin to appear systemic research problems of investigation. Perspective in his work raised V. Zelenskiy, R. Usmanov, Y. Ham, V. Shepitko and other researchers, but also to present a series of unsolved problems of investigation: the content, subjects, forms and more. Problems of investigation of theft of vehicles has recently been the subject of research in the work of M. Svirin, S. Skibin, A. Sretentseva and other scientists. The purpose of this article is to analyze the nature of the concept of investigating thefts of vehicles, its main directions and forms. Structure of the paper is due to the logic of presentation material. It contains an introduction, presentation of the basic material, conclusions and list of references. Organization investigating thefts of vehicles provides a range of measures at various levels, mostly organizational and informational guidance that are in the arsenal of managerial influence investigator and designed to achieve the objective investigation of the crime.Проанализированы проблемы расследования краж автотранспортных средств, определена суть его организации, раскрыты организационные способы расследования. Охарактеризованы проблемы управленческого характера, а также особенности взаимодействия и осуществления информационного обеспечения при расследовании этого вида преступленийПроаналізовано проблеми розслідування крадіжок автотранспортних засобів, визначено сутність його організації, розкрито організаційні засоби розслідування. Охарактеризовано проблеми управлінського характеру, а також особливості взаємодії та здійснення інформаційного забезпечення при розслідуванні цього виду злочинів
Принцип доцільності у цивільному судочинстві України
Get PDFProblem setting and relevance of the research topic. For a long time theconcept of strict legalism prevailed in the science of civil procedure, which wasreflected in the requirement of exact (strict) and steady execution (enforcement) oflaws by all the authorities and government officials managing the process, as well asby all other participants. The development of society and state sets the science newtasks, and one of them is the concept of equitable law of appropriate and reasonableapplication of the law that provides effective protection of interests of citizens,society and state. Achievement of these objectives promotes the research andintroduction of the category of expediency in civil proceedings, which manifests inthe consideration of specific conditions of use of a legal act (its goals, objectives) inselecting the most optimal variant of solving a legal issue on the basis ofcircumstances of a particular case. Also, there is a reason to believe that therequirements of expediency may serve as a principle of civil procedural law.Recent research and publications analysis. There is no research of theprinciple of expediency in the science of civil procedural law. The said principle wasexamined fragmentarily in scientific publications only in relation to specificinstitutions of the civil process: panel hearing of cases, process of proving, etc. Someaspects of the principle of expediency were the subject of study during theconsideration of law enforcement issues in the general theory of law and issues ofjudicial discretion in proceedings.Paper objective. The objective of this paper is to study the principle ofexpediency in civil proceedings in Ukraine; the definition of this principle,admissible limits of its application and forms of its implementation.Paper main body. The author’s understanding of the principle of expediencyin civil proceedings is substantiated. A difference between the principle ofexpediency and similar concepts is shown.The author proves that: (1) the objective of use of the principle of expediencyis a compromise between the general procedural requirements of the law and specificcircumstances of the case for the achievement of a just court decision; (2) participantsof civil proceedings must relate their actions to the purposes of civil law models ofthe behavior of participants, rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of others, aswell as the society and state; (3) the correct application of expediency provides forthe consolidation of a system of guarantees in the law, which limits the abuse ofdiscretion and corrupt practices.Conclusions of the research. The author’s definition of the principle ofexpediency is proposed as a possibility provided by law to choose the most optimalform and method for resolving civil disputes from those provided for by law for thisparticular case, for the protection of violated, unrecognized or disputed rights,freedoms and interests of individuals, rights and interests of legal entities andinterests of the state.Legislative consolidation and correct application of the principle of expediencyin civil proceedings in Ukraine: (1) reflects the current strategy of the national civilprocedural policies; (2) creates the conditions for a fair and effective application ofthe law; (3) minimizes violations of the procedural law or its slow interpretation; (4)allows to accelerate the proceedings of the case and ensures compliance withreasonable periods for the consideration and resolution of civil cases; (5) optimizescosts and expenses.В статье обосновывается авторское понимание принципа целесообразности в гражданском судопроизводстве. Проводится отличие принципа целесообразности от близких ему понятий. Автор определяет принцип целесообразности как предоставленную законом возможность выбора наиболее оптимальных из предусмотренных законом для данного конкретного случая формы и способа разрешения гражданско-правового спора с целью защиты нарушенных, непризнанных или оспариваемых прав, свобод или интересов физических лиц, прав и интересов юридических лиц, интересов государствУ статті обґрунтовується авторське розуміння принципу доцільності в цивільному судочинстві. Проводиться відмінність принципу доцільності від близьких йому понять. Автор визначає принцип доцільності як надану законом можливість вибору найбільш оптимальних із передбачених законом для даного конкретного випадку форми й способу вирішення цивільно-правового спору з метою захисту порушених, невизнаних або оспорюваних прав, свобод чи інтересів фізичних осіб, прав та інтересів юридичних осіб, інтересів держав
Загальні підходи до запобігання злочинності в Італії
Get PDFIn the scientific article the modern is summarized experience of Italy for the Prevention of Crime, drawn a conclusion about a place and role of the public in the subjects of preventive activity of this country.Обобщем современный опыт Италии по предупреждению преступности, сделан вывод о месте и роли общественности в системе субъектов предупредительной деятельности этой страны.Узагальнено сучасний досвід Італії із запобігання злочинності, зроблено висновок про місце і роль громадськості в системі суб’єктів запобіжної діяльності цієї країни