Theory and Practice of Jurisprudence (E-Journal - Yaroslav Mudryi National Law University)
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Деякі аспекти правового регулювання земель водного фонду на території України часів Російської імперії
Get PDFNowadays the Ukrainian legal doctrine of law is lackedof adequate analyzes of the legal regime of lands of water fund in its historicalcontext. This issue becomes more urgent with the necessity to interpret the value ofthese categories of land and their effective use. In this regard, it is necessary toanalyze the legislation that had been in force on the territory of modern Ukraine indifferent historical periods, including times of staying under the Russian Empirejurisdiction. And it is important to distinguish the issues relating to the legalregulation of the water fund lands (in its modern sense).Analysis of recent researches and publications. The importance of issuesraised in the article influenced on the choice of the subject, some aspects of whichbeing discussed in the works of such representatives of law of the land science as L.I. Dembo, A. P. Hetman, I. I. Karakash, R. I. Marusenko, A. M. Miroshnichenko, A.A. Pogrebnoy, N. V. Shulga and others.The object of the article is to analyze the legislation of Ukrainian lands duringits staying under the Russian Empire jurisdiction, and also to distinguish the issuesrelating to the legal regulation of the water fund lands (in its modern sense).The main part. The issue of forming of the legal regime of lands ofwater fund (in its modern sense) during Ukrainian lands staying under the RussianEmpire jurisdiction had been examined and as a result, the provisions relating thelegal regulation of this category of land were distinguished. A distinctive feature ofthat period is focus on coastal waters and land protection, the negative influence ofwater control that had been fixed in law for the first time ever.During this period there had been attempts to synthesize water legislation,irrigation and reclamation (drainage and irrigation of land) had actively beendeveloped, the need for common use waters and coastal zones had been recognized.In our opinion, at this time there had been laid the backgrounds for distinguishing oflands of water fund into a separate category for appropriate water bodies’ protection.Conclusions of the research. Based on these considerations, it can be statedthat the period of staying under Russian Empire jurisdiction had a significantinfluence on the formation of legal regulation of land water resources in its modernsense on the territory of Ukraine and it can be distinguished as a separate legal regimeof lands of water fund of Ukraine.Рассмотрено формирование правового режима земель водного фонда (в современном их понимании) во время пребывания Украинских земель в составе Российской империи и из проведенного анализа законодательства выделены положения, касающиеся правовой регламентации земель данной категорииРозглянуто формування правового режиму земель водного фонду (в сучасному їх розумінні) за часів перебування Українських земель у складі Російської імперії та на основі проведеного аналізу законодавства виокремлено положення, які стосуються правової регламентації земель вказаної категорі
Пеня в податковому праві: між способом забезпечення і санкцією
Get PDFDoctrinal idea of thetax and legal nature of fines can be reduced to three areas, according to the fine whichmeans: as a means of support; as a sanction; as such, has a dual legal nature(consisting properties sanctions and way of security). No matter what the legal naturegive a penalty (penalties mode support, double) confer on her performancecompensation function.Paper main body. The position on the legislator specified penalty as a way toensure or warrant by itself can not be decisive for its legal nature. Timely and fullpayment of taxes and duties include calculating fines. Penalty is a complement to theamount unpaid on time taxes and fees, as occurs after conversion of such amounts inarrears. The fine is an additional burden for property taxpayers, compared to its initialobligation to pay taxes and fees. Interest penalties are the result of the expiry of theduty to pay taxes and fees. The fine is enforceable as of its payment obligation goesbeyond the obligation to pay taxes and fees. Penalty should compensate the delaybudget revenues provided the amounts of taxes and fees. Penalty in the tax lawshould be seen as compensation sanction, which provides prevention of crime andcompensation for late payment of taxes and duties to the relevant budgets.Size of fines consists of several elements: the statutory interest penalty amount;the period of delay in payment of taxes and fees; amount by which the penalty ischarged. In Ukraine tax law is fine-compensatory penalties, due to its calculationboth unpaid taxes and duties on time and in the amount of fines. Penalty can performthe function of compensation subject to its charging only for the amount of untimelypaid taxes and fees, the accrual of penalties for the same amount of othercompensation contrary to its purpose. It is necessary to amend the Tax Code ofUkraine, which resulted in the penalty should be assessed only on the unpaid taxesand duties on time.Conclusions of the research. By its tax and legal nature of compensation isfine sanction for violation of terms of payment of taxes and charges applied in theform of interest accrued on unpaid on time taxes and fees. Late in tax law is thesanction for violation of terms of taxes and duties, which resulted in the detention oftax revenues to the respective budgets. Belonging to the measures of tax penalties andlegal liability of predetermined complementary with respect to the amount of taxesand fees that were not paid on time. Creating additional burden for propertytaxpayers, providing additional income to the respective budgets penalty has tax andlegal nature of compensatory sanctionsСтатья посвящена определению правовой природы пени в налоговом праве, выделению признаков, черт и проявлений, которые отображают место пени в системе мер налогово-правового воздействияРозглянуто правову природу пені в податковому праві, виокремлено ознаки, риси та прояви, що відображають місце пені в системі заходів податково-правового вплив
Договір позики: спірні питання форми та предмета
Get PDFProblem setting. Often at the conclusion and realization of the loan agreementarise disputes about the form and the possibility of usage as a subject of the contractthe foreign currency.Relevance of the research topic. The lack of unity in the theory and practiceof legal regulation of the form of the loan and its subject, requires further scientificresearch of its individual provisions.Recent research and publications analysis. The research of the legalregulation of loan relationship explores by many scientists, including Bezklubiy I.A.,Krivenda O.V., Lepeh S.M., Tupitskaya E.A. and others. But the question of formand subject matter of the loan agreement nowadays remains without proper legalassessment.Paper objective. The research and analysis of the provisions of the currentlegislation of Ukraine and judicial practice on the form of the loan agreement,documented conclusions and its conditions, and the ability to use foreign currency asthe subject of the loan agreement.Paper main body. The legal nature of the loan agreement was considered. Theagreement determines the transfer of the ownership of borrower money or otherthings, with the generic characteristics under the obligation to return the same amountof money (the loan amount), or the same amount of things of the same kind andquality. It is real and one-sided agreement, it can be orally and in writing.It was established that hand receipt or other document certifying the transfer ofcreditor a sum of money or a certain number of things is important documentaryevidence of the transfer of the loan. The usage of hand receipt goes beyond the scopeof the loan agreement. It can be confirmed not only by the fact of transfering thefunds or property, but with the fact of performance of the obligation. For the storagehand receipt can replace the contract.The point of view of some authors, supported in some cases by judicialpractice, that hand receipt replaces a written loan agreement was disproved because itis neither a loan agreement concluded in written form, no deal. The hand receipt isonly written confirmation of the loan agreement, its terms and conditions.It is confirmed that the use of foreign currency in Ukraine is allowed in casesestablished by law. It was argued that the transfer of foreign currency loan is not anobligation and does not require an individual license of the National Bank of Ukraine.Therefore, the transfer of foreign currency loan does not contradict Ukrainianlegislation. Execution of the Borrower's obligations under the loan agreement, thesubject of which is foreign currency carried out in local currency at the exchange rateof the National Bank of Ukraine. Inflation rate determines the level of depreciation ofthe purchasing power of the national currency of Ukraine - UAH. Therefore, thesubject of indexation is - hryvnia.Conclusions of the research. Hand receipt is the only proof of the conclusionof the loan agreement and its terms and conditions. It can not be invalidated.Foreign currency can be transferred on loan. The return of the loan is made inlocal currency at the official rate for the day of return. Foreign currency, which is thesubject of the loan agreement, is not the subject of the indexation.Рассмотрены особенности формы договора займа, документального подтверждения его заключения, определено правовой статус расписки и ее значение в заемных отношениях, как письменного доказательства заключения договора и получения займа под обязательство его возврата. Подтверждена возможность предоставления на территории Украины денежных средств в заем как в национальной валюте – гривне, так и в иностранной, которая индексации не подлежит. Доказано, что не зависимо от валюты долга, валютой платежа по договору займа является национальная валюта УкраиныРозглянуто особливості форми договору позики, документального підтвердження його укладення, визначено правовий статус розписки та її значення в позикових відносинах як письмового доказу укладення договору та одержання позики під зобов’язання її повернення. Підтверджено можливість надання на території України грошових коштів у позику як у національній валюті – гривні, так і іноземній, яка індексації не підлягає. Доведено, що незалежно від валюти боргу, валютою платежу за договором позики є національна валюта України – гривн
Щодо внеску Василя Яковича Тація у дослідження об’єкта злочину
Get PDFProblem setting. At the moment, in Ukraine there are several differentdefinitions of the object of crime.Many researchers studied looks of V.Y. Tatsiy at the subject of the crime, butfor the first time systematically analyzed not only scientific views of V.Y. Tatsiy forresearch the object of crime, and the impact of these attitudes on science of criminallaw in Ukraine.Recent research and publications analysis. Recent study, we note theindividual and collective scientific works of V. Y. Tatsіy from 1969 to 2014,scientific works of V. K. Glistin, B. S. Nikiforov, V. I. Borisov etc.Paper objective. Proper use of the term «object of crime» is important toqualification of crimes stipulated in the Criminal Code of Ukraine, the appointmentof a proper punishment. Also, do not forget that the accuracy depends on theterminology as law enforcement, and further theoretical studies.Paper main body. In this article the authors analyzed the concept,characteristics of object of the crime in the scientific works of V. Y. Tatsіy – wellknown Ukrainian scientist.Conclusions of the research. V. Y. Tatsіy made a significant contribution tothe criminal law of Sciences of Ukraine, developed a concept of the object of thecrime, improved types of objects crime, investigated the structure of social relations.He continues to explore a number of important criminal issues, on the grounds ofcriminal responsibility of the crime, the object and the subject of the perpetrator,ordering crimes, criminal responsibility for crimes against national security ofUkraine, crimes against persons, crimes of business activities, crimes against theenvironment, etc, Vasily Yakovlevich Tatsіy continues to be the undisputed leader ofthe Kharkov criminal law school.Проанализированы понятия объекта преступления, виды объектов преступления, структура общественных отношений и другие вопросы по объекту преступления в научных трудах В. Я. ТацияПроаналізовано поняття об’єкта злочину, види об’єктів злочину, структура суспільних відносин та інші важливі питання щодо об’єкта злочину в наукових працях В. Я. Таці
Міжнародне банківське право: публічне чи приватне?
Get PDFThe article is focused on the legal analysis of the nature of theinternational banking law. Nowadays the existence of international finance,and within it, the international banking system can be stated. Having theirown subjects, the sources of legal regulation, and principles of interactionin the international arena, and institutions of accountability and supervision,the international banking law forms a homogeneous system of legal normsgrouped within the structural units of the law system – "internationalbanking law"; it claims the status of an independent branch of internationallaw.Nowadays the first authors’ concepts of international banking lawhave formed in the doctrine of international law. They are: a) the integratedfield of international private law; b) the specific legal facility of regulation,the subject of which is banking complicated by a foreign element; c) theregulatory unit governing the activities of international banking institutionsand consisting of transnational law rules governing international banking inthe space between national and international law; it may be a combinationof transnational and international private law; g) the interbank relations inthe international financial system are governed by norms of domestic andinternational law.The scientific debate concerning the legal nature of banking and itsplace in the legal system, from our point of view, serves as a proof tocreation of an independent branch of law within the framework of theinternational economic law.The international banking system is governed by its own legal system– international banking law which has its own subject of regulation,participants and sources. The international banking law is either private,and in this case it is part of the national legal system, or it is part of publicinternational law when its norms are created by subjects of internationallaw.The participants of the legal relations always belong to one and thesame legal system (international or national law), there is no "doubling" oflegal structures within the framework of international banking law. Thesubjects of public international law regulate relations in internationalbanking activities, determine basic rules, principles, standards, andrequirements, conduct international banking operations involving thedevelopment of broad unification of the rules of international banking lawby signing international treaties of universal and regional nature. Theserules, principles, and standards are implemented according to the domesticlegal order by the states which present parties in international agreementsПроведен правовой анализ природы международного банковского права, в частности исследованы предмет, объект и принципы его регулирования, Рассмотрены правовой статус субъектов банковских правоотношений и источники международного банковского права, а также соотношение международного публичного и международного частного банковского праваЗдійснено правовий аналіз природи міжнародного банківського права, зокрема визначено предмет, об’єкт та принципи його регулювання. Розглянуто правовий статус суб’єктів банківських правовідносин і джерела міжнародного банківського права, а також співвідношення міжнародного публічного та міжнародного приватного банківського прав
Наукові погляди на проблему історії виникнення вітчизняного конституціоналізму
Get PDFProblem Setting. The article analyzes the views of Ukrainian scientists on the issue of origin of the national constitutionalism. Research of the history of origin, formation and development of the national constitutionalism is a new area of the historical and legal science, which was launched in the post-Soviet period. Given the complexity of the subject of the research and relatively short time of its study, the national historical-legal science and the science of constitutional law have not formed a unified approach to the time of origin of the Ukrainian constitutionalism in general and the modern national constitutionalism in particular yet.The actuality of the topic. AfterUkraine was proclaimed independent in 1991, the issue of the history of origin of the national constitutionalism has been referred by specialists in the history of state and law and constitutional law Yu. H. Barabash, S. P. Holovatyi, V. D. Honcharenko, V. S. Zhuravskyi, V. M. Yermolaiev, V. P. Kolisnyk, V. V. Kravchenko, A. P. Krysian, O. M. Myronenko, A. Y. Rogozhin, I. Ye. Slovska, V. Ya. Tatsiy, Yu. M. Todyka, S. V. Shevchuk, M. V. Tsvik and others. The researchers follow two basic views on the timing and events that led to the origin of the national constitutionalism as a political and legal phenomena: 1) formation of the Ukrainian state as a result of the national liberation war led by Bohdan Khmelnytskyi in the middle of the XVII century; 2) development and adoption of the Constitution of P. Orlyk of 1710.The purpose of the article. The researchers mostly associate the events that led to origin of the modern national constitutionalism, as a legal and actual phenomena, with adoption of the Declaration of State Sovereignty of Ukraine in 1990, Declaration of Independence of Ukraine in 1991 and adoption of the Constitution of Ukraine in 1996. But the vast majority of experts in constitutional law ofUkraine insist on the fact that adoption of the Constitution of Ukraine in 1996 only marked the beginning of the process of formation of the modern national constitutionalism. It is necessary to consider the revolutionary events of late 2013 – early 2014, which showed the need for a constitutional reform to introduce European standards of human rights protection and decentralization of power, to be an important argument in favour of the fact that formation of the modern national constitutionalism began with the adoption of the Constitution of Ukraine in 1996 and continues to this day. Проанализированы взгляды украинских ученых на проблему возникновения отечественного конституционализма, который, как политико-правовое явление, они связывают с созданием Украинского государства в результате национально-освободительной войны под предводительством Б. Хмельницкого в середине ХVІІ в., и принятием Конституции П. Орлика 1710 г. Процесс формирования современного отечественного конституционализма начался после принятия Конституции Украины 1996 г. и продолжается в настоящее время. Проаналізовано погляди українських науковців на проблему виникнення вітчизняного конституціоналізму, який, як політико-правове явище, вони пов’язують з утворенням Української держави, що постала в результаті національно-визвольної війни під проводом Б. Хмельницького в середині ХVІІ ст., та прийняттям Конституції П. Орлика 1710 р. Процес формування сучасного конституціоналізму розпочався з прийняттям Конституції України 1996 р. і триває й зараз
Правова система України в контексті глобалізації
Get PDFProblem statement. Globalization is universal in nature and the nature of the phenomenon. It covers not only the global economy, finance, the media, where it manifests itself in the most developed form, and other areas of public life, including the right. This right is not just a means of securing formal processes of globalization and manages, but also feel the same on their part to significant influence. In this regard, the study of any issues related to the transformation of legal phenomena and processes in the context of globalization, today is important.The topical value of the research. A characteristic feature of the modern world is the interpenetration of cultures and principles of law that can be described by such concepts as convergence, integration, assimilation, creative interaction. Covered by the notions of dynamic processes on the one hand, contribute to the formation of a unified world community on the other, accompanied by contradictory processes aimed at identifying cultural identity, legal autonomy and generate a number of important theoretical and practical issues affecting the different sides of law. It comes to the requirements that apply modern legal systems globalization. These requirements cannot be underestimated, since all legal systems regardless of their own free will involve in the changes that are taking place and the conditions of their existence.The aim of the article. The relevance of the proposed research problems caused by the realities of today. In the context of globalization there is a need for theoretical and methodological understanding the nature and trends of the national legal system. The new research paradigms based legal system in the science of state and law, which is important for the formation of legal awareness and implementation of the rule of law in Ukraine.Historical experience shows that proclaimed as universal determinants «universal values» are not always relevant to national legal systems. Templates mechanically transferred often are not zhyttyediyalnymy because it does not take into account the features of the mentality and legal culture, formed in a particular society in the historical and cultural development.The effectiveness and viability of the legal system reflected in the extent to which the modern state links its development with the formation of legal awareness; develop legal culture, the achievement of stability in the legal intrastate and international relations.The article is a review of the main approaches to understanding the processes of globalization, the analysis of the forms and directions of separating from related processes and phenomena that determine the trends of the legal system of Ukraine in the context of globalization.An example of the impact of globalization on the legal system of the state is to take 4 November 1950 in Rome ten member states of the Council of Europe (Belgium, UK, Germany, Denmark, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, France) Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms and the establishment to ensure obligations under the Convention 21 January 1959 the European court of human rights to consider complaints of violations of the Convention. Ratification of the European Convention enables all persons under its jurisdiction; apply to the European Court if they believe their rights have been violated. This also applies to citizens of Ukraine, which is confirmed by Article 55 of the Constitution of Ukraine.The main systemic risk factor in the formation of a single global world economy that emerged in the context of globalization is that the global economy with its inherent system of international economic relations is increasingly spreading properties market economy as a system of self-organizing, with very weak, uncertain and unstable, crisis management processes.In modern conditions of statehood in Ukraine has intensified the process of reform and renewal of national legislation. These processes caused the transformation period of society and the complexity of social relations that requires not only the most improvement of regulations, but also enhance research problems of formation of law, rulemaking and institute the right.Rule-making in the context of globalization transformed primarily towards the expansion of its social base, that an increasing number of takes not passive, but active and direct participation in the process. This process is transformed and influenced by the fact that in the legal field, new problems whose solution requires mandatory legal regulations at national and supranational levels. Environmental issues, security of information. Demographics require a new approach and new thinking, in which the need to combine all aspects of legal regulation. It would be fair comment is that globalization requires a different view of the rulemaking process, in accordance with other principles of regulation of modern social processes. He has held ethical turn in international relations, which are based need to put ethical principles of human existence in the world: justice, freedom, equality, consensus pluralism. It is impossible to ignore the legal framework traditions and mentality of peoples and impose uniform legal norms.One of the fundamental problems is the right exercise control globalization, harmonization of processes and neutralization of negative consequences. The right should act as a tool of globalization while managing its processes means. The process of globalization in the legal field is developing in two directions, which represent only the transformation of law. On the one hand, it is clear the impact globalization processes on the right, resulting in convergence and convergence of our legal systems. This formed the general trends of development, which include a tendency implementation of national legal systems universally recognized norms and principles; the emergence of new areas of law, such as space, information, change of legislation in connection with the integration processes and more. On the other hand, through the law attempts to steer globalization in a certain way, for example, the introduction of domestic law standards of other countries, thus adapted to the mentality of national legal and other historical and cultural features.Conclusions of the research. So whatever aspects of life of law did not affect the process of globalization should not be destroying national legal cultures. Identity national legal cultures preserved, including the identity of law. States can borrow one of the same law, institutions, law, but the legal system as a whole. Also integrated into the legal system of foreign law acquire national identity in the process of their application. This suggests that the relative autonomy law.Статья посвящена рассмотрению сущности глобализационных процессов, их влияния на образование и реализацию права. Выявлены закономерности развития правовой системы Украины, а также положительные и негативные последствия глобализации для государства вцеломРозглянуто сутність глобалізаційних процесів, їх вплив на утворення та реалізацію права. Виявлено закономірності розвитку правової системи України, а також позитивні й негативні наслідки глобалізації для держави в цілом
Особливості правової регламентації електронних грошей в Україні: цивільно-правовий аспект
Get PDFProblem Setting. The development of information technology, e-commerce caused the appearance of such phenomena as electronic money. In order to ensure the stability of currency in Ukraine, as well as the protection of the rights of users of electronic money need effective legislative base. That’s why, the research of electronic money in private law relations is very important.The purpose of the article. The research of the nature, the role and functioning of the electronic money in Ukraine are engaged by researchers as Y. Grytsiuk, I. Trubin, A. Isaev, M. Savluk, SA Derevyanko, A. Chepur, etc.The article studies features of the legal regulation of electronic money in Ukraine. Analyzed the concept of means of payment, legal payment’s instrument, electronic payment instrument and their relationship with the concept of electronic money. It was found civilistic nature of electronic moneyConclusions. The conclusion is that electronic money is a monetary obligation payable to bearer in electronic form, as the basis for their issuance is a civil contract. In addition, after the exchange of cash or non-cash money to the electronic money they keep their traditional cost of money and can serve as payment instrument.Рассмотрены особенности правовой регламентации электронных денег в Украине. Проанализированы понятия «средство платежа», «законное платежное средство», «электронное платежное средство» и их соотношение с понятием «электронные деньги». Выяснено гражданскую природу электронных денег.Розглянуто особливості правової регламентації електронних грошей в Україні. Проаналізовано поняття «засіб платежу», «законний платіжний засіб», «електронний платіжний засіб» та їх співвідношення з поняттям «електронні гроші». З’ясовано цивілістичну природу електронних грошей
Міжполісні й міжплемінні союзи Стародавньої Греції VI–IV століть до н е.
No full textThe article is devoted to the study of establishment and operation of leagues of city-states and tribal unions of Ancient Greece of VIII–IV centuries BC – amphictyonies, sympolitias and symmaxias. According to the author their experience clearly indicates an advanced level of legal consciousness of these ancient societies, their ability to choose such organizational and legal forms of interaction that more adequately and effectively regulate the relationship between them.The author explores the legal basis of these ancient associations’ activities, their organizational structure, and powers of the main organs.The available information about them convincingly demonstrates the extraordinary vitality of these associations, their ability to coordinate effectively relations of their members, organizing their efforts for achievement of common and predetermined goals. Even if we look at them from the modern ideas of international intergovernmental organizations basic criteria, some of the older ones had them, despite of their implementation in another historical conditions. For example, the Second Athenian Naval Union (IV. BC) was established by the international Treaty; it had elected permanent executive bodies and a common treasury; it was engaged in international relations; it had a system of sanctions against members. In general the given data testify in favor of non-linear development of practices related to selection and establishment of adequate organizational-legal forms of international cooperation, which undoubtedly had a significant influence on the development of appropriate theoretical perspectives.Статья посвящена изучению практики создания и функционирования межполисных и межплеменных объединений Древней Греции VIII–IV вв. до н э. – амфиктионий, симмахий и симполитий. По мнению автора, их опыт убедительно свидетельствует о развитом правосознании этих древних обществ, их умении выбирать такие организационно-правовые формы взаимодействия, которые наиболее адекватно и эффективно упорядочивали отношения между собой.Статтю присвячено дослідженню практики утворення і функціонування між полісних і міжплемінних коаліцій Давньої Греції VIII–IV століть до н.е. – амфіктоній, симмахій і симполітій. На думку автора, їх досвід переконливо свідчить про розвинену правосвідомість цих давніх суспільств, їх вміння обирати такі організаційно-правові форми взаємодії, які найбільш адекватно та ефективно упорядковували відносини між собою
Про понятійний апарат у сфері адміністрування в судовій системі
Get PDFThe different going near determination of concepts that are used in administrative relations into the court system is researched , the sense of concepts «judicial management», «organizational management by the courts», «organizational provision of the court activity» are considered in the article. The legal essences of the investigated concepts are analyzed and author’s opinion about its meaning and application is reportedИсследован ряд научных подходов к определению содержания понятий, которые применяются при характеристике управленческих отношений, существующих в судебной системе, а именно раскрывается значение «судебного управления», «организационного руководства судами», «организационного обеспечения деятельности судов». Проанализирована их правовая природа и предложены собственные взгляды относительно их значения и примененияДосліджено низку наукових підходів до визначення змісту понять, які застосовуються при характеристиці управлінських відносин, що існують в судовій системі, а саме розкривається значення «судового управління», «організаційного керівництва судами», «організаційного забезпечення діяльності судів». Проаналізовано їх правову природу та запропоновані власні погляди стосовно їх значення та застосуванн