Theory and Practice of Jurisprudence (E-Journal - Yaroslav Mudryi National Law University)
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Цільове й раціональне використання земель як аспекти правомірної поведінки суб’єктів земельного права
Get PDFThe article is devoted to topical issues of the title of land use, land use management, their relationship . This article analyzes the methods and mechanisms of the state to land relationship in general, as well as the behavior of the subjects of such relationship, suggests ways to improve public policy in ensuring the proper use of land.Статья посвящена рассмотрению актуальных вопросов целевого использования земель , рационального использования земель , их соотношение . В статье анализируются методы и механизмы влияния государства на земельные правоотношения в целом , а также на поведение субъектов таких отношений , предлагаются пути совершенствования государственной политики в сфере обеспечения надлежащего использования земель.Розглянуто актуальні питання цільового використання земель, раціонального використання земель та їх співвідношення. Проаналізовано методи та механізми впливу держави на земельні правовідносини в цілому, а також на поведінку суб’єктів таких відносин, запропоновано шляхи вдосконалення державної політики у сфері забезпечення належного використання земель
Цивільна дієздатність непідприємницьких товариств
Get PDFProblem setting. The relevance of the chosen theme is the advisability of fixing the limits of enterpreneur actions which is carried out by non-profit organizations. Recent research and publications analysis. This article analyzes recent researches of the legal status of non- profit organizations in the works of V. Borisova, I. Kucherenko, I. Spasibo-Fateeva, I. Zhyhalkina, V. Poddubny, V. Cochin and etc., which underlines the importance of scientific research. Paper objective. The article aims was to identify contradictions in the current legislation of Ukraine and how to overcome them. Paper main body. The legislation of Ukraine, the Civil Code of Ukraine and a number of special normative acts governing the activities of non-profit organizations, grants the right them to engage in business activities. In modern terms, this fact is important, as it provides the ability to create resources to implement the main statutory activities of non-profit organizations for more intensive and fruitful implementation of its statutory objectives. The question is to determine the limits of necessary and legitimate participation of non-profit organizations in the business. The legislation proposed in this paper is to provide a means of influencing non- profit organizations in case of abuse of the right to do business. Conclusions of the research. It is necessary for our legislation to make amendments and to set out the limits of power of non- profit organizations. Also, it is necessary to define the form of entrepreneurship. Business activities of business companies, non profit or created with their participation may be made only for profit and not be associated with non- profit organization authorized activity. Creation of business associations seems necessary not only in terms of exclusion existing contradictions in the civil legal regulation of non- profit organizations, but also in terms of the effectiveness of ongoing business activities. Business organizations may have a larger legal capacity and is not limited in the types of business activities.Рассмотрена гражданская дееспособность непредпринимательских товариществ, которые должны создаваться рады достижения определенной цели и наделяться специальной правоспособностью. Проанализирована научная литература и предложено собственное видение проблематикиДосліджено цивільну дієздатність непідприємницьких товариств, які повинні створюватися заради досягнення певної мети та наділятися спеціальною правоздатністю. Проаналізовано наукову літературу та запропоновано власне бачення зазначеної проблематик
Міжнародний досвід правового регулювання нормування якості атмосферного повітря
Get PDFGlobalization of ecology problems causes a necessity to takesteps to protect environment at supranational and international levels. In thisconnection an urgent need of today is the study of experience of foreign countries inlegislative regulation of environment protection problems and search of ways toimprove domestic mechanism of environmental law, particularly, in the field ofambient air quality formation.Recent research and publication analysis. Experts who studied variousaspects of environmental law space in EU and other foreign countries were, forinstance, such scholars as N.R. Malysheva, V.I. Lozo, A.P. Hetman, O.P.Myroshnychenko, Yu.S. Shemchushenko, M.M. Mykiyevych, A.O. Andrusevych,N.V. Pakhomova, O.K. Vyshniakov,O.L. Dubovyk, P.A. Kalinichenko, L. Kremer,etc.Paper objective. Issuing from scientific theoretical and practical importance ofthe subject, the objective of the present paper is analysis of legal foundations of airquality regulation in European Union and other foreign countries, comparativeanalysis with the provision of national legislation in this field and search of ways howto improve national legislation by borrowing positive experience.Paper main body. Ambient air quality standards are determined on the basisof special principles applicable to all problems regulated by EU environmental law:consideration of effects, universal character, practical attainability, best availabletechnologies, “polluter must pay” and comprehensive approach. Much attention ispaid to ambient air quality by World Health Organization. Thus, in 2000Recommendations on Air Quality in Europe were issued (hereinafterRecommendations 2000, and in 2005 they were supplemented by WHO Air QualityRecommendations Relating to Solid Compounds, Ozone, Nitric Dioxide and SulfurDioxide. One of basic EU documents in the field of ambient air protection and itsquality regulation is Directive 2008/50/EU Ambient Air Quality and Cleaner Air forEurope aimed to ensure peoples’ health protection at local level, in member countriesand in total European Union by opposing pollutants exhaust at sources of their origin.Interesting aspect is the relation between terms “standard” and “norm”; the analysisof legislative provisions shows a certain identification of these concepts, even somesynonymy between them.On a par with study of European doctrine in ambient air quality regulation, wetreat as feasible a study in experience of other foreign countries in this field, suchas United Kingdom, United States of America and Australia. In UK ambient airquality is regulated in accordance with The Air Quality Strategy of 2007, byspecifying target values of air quality. US Clean Air Act of 1990 introduces a systemof ambient air quality standards consisting of primary and secondary standards. InAustralia standards of ambient air standards established in 1998 are valid, whereineach normalized parameter has an averaging period and maximum number of caseswhen it may be exceeded for each year.Conclusions of the research. Ukrainian ambient air quality protectionlegislation partially meets the requirements of legislation of foreign countries.In particular, the basic pollutant substances are regulated in Ukrainian legislation aswell as abroad. However, in spite of sufficiently branched system of ambient airquality regulation, not all aspects yet fully conform to the requirements of foreignlegislation.Thus, urgent necessity exists in further introduction of legislative experience ofEU and foreign countries in the field of ambient air quality to attain total concordbetween domestic Ukrainian legislation and European and world legal standards.Исследованы основные принципы и положения систем нормирования качества атмосферного воздуха ЕС и других зарубежных стан. Предложены направления их внедрения в национальное законодательство Украины с целью совершенствования отечественного эколого-правового механизма и повышения его эффективности в сфере охраны атмосферного воздухаПроаналізовано основні принципи та положення систем нормування якості атмосферного повітря ЄС та інших зарубіжних країн. Запропоновано напрями їх упровадження в національне законодавство України з метою вдосконалення вітчизняного еколого-правового механізму та підвищення його ефективності у сфері охорони атмосферного повітр
Переміщення товарів через митний кордон України
No full textProblem setting. The order of cross-border goods and vehicles for commercial use is the basis of the state customs. As a result of the movement of goods in foreign economic entities is subject to certain subjective rights and legal responsibilities. A person who carries out the movement, to pay taxes and fees, return the product for a certain period unchanged (the temporary removal) to keep the goods in a particular state (customs warehouse regime) to carry the goods on certain route (transit mode). There is also entitled to recover VAT on the free use of the goods (in Ukraine or abroad), change the customs regime free of import and export and so on. Transported goods are not the same status, heterogeneity, specific features. They are moving from the point of view of customs law, an object owned by a specific subject, with the customs value. In many cases, their signs are installed by specialized laws of the various areas of law. Bans and restrictions on the movement established a wide range of laws and regulations (depending on the type of goods subject movement, customs regulations, means and transportation). The list of goods allowed to move, does not exist. Similarly, there is no single list of goods prohibited by the customs. Recent research and publications analysis. The issue of moving goods through the customs border of Ukraine are still scarcely explored and controversial legal science in general and in particular customs law. Of course, the movement of goods and its components to some extent, been the subject of distribution was the same theoretical studies in the works B.M. Habrichidze, A.V . Grebelnyka, E.V . Dodina, S.V. Kivalova, O.M. Kozyrina, B.A. Kormicha, A.V . Mazura, V. Naumenko, P.V . Pashka, V.V. Prokopenka, D.V. Pryimachenka, K.K. Sandrovskoho, S.S. Tereshchenka, D.S. Tsalinoyi and others. Review of scientific works leads to the conclusion that despite the obvious signs of apparent legislative wording in this area there is still a lack of understanding of many aspects and features of exercise and movement. Positive perception of Ukraine international legal doctrine in customs led establishment of new approaches, some of which are reflected in the Customs Code of 2012 thus moving goods in a transboundary movement requires further thorough research relevant customs and legal regulation. Paper objective. The purpose of the article is to analyze normative legal acts and scientific literature to identify the main components of the movement of goods - customs regimes and customs clearance. In accordance with the designated purpose of the following objectives: analysis of the normative acts that regulate application of customs regimes and customs clearance; clarify the legal status of participants moving; proposals to improve legislation aimed at regulating the movement of goods through the customs border of Ukraine. Paper main body. One of the key places in moving goods through the customs border of Ukraine belongs customs regulations and customs clearance. Customs regimes established exclusively by the Customs Code. With customs regimes carried out state influence on the development of foreign economic relations. A component of the customs regime reflects the customs policy. The current Customs Code of Ukraine (Art. 70) found that in order to apply the law of Ukraine on Civil customs introduced customs regimes: 1) imports (release for free circulation); 2) re-import; 3) exports (final export); 4) re-export; 5) transit; 6) the temporary admission; 7) temporary export; 8) customs warehouse; 9) free customs zone; 10) free trade; 11) inward processing; 12) processing outside the customs territory; 13) destruction or destruction; 14) failure to state. Custom regime has its own internal structure that is revealed through the contents that is provided requirements and restrictions. Under the terms of the customs regime understood the circumstances that lead to the possibility of room under it for goods and vehicles, restrictions - direct or indirect prohibition to carry with them certain actions and requirements - actions are related to the implementation feasibility of completing the customs regime When moving goods through the customs border of Ukraine is determined by its country of origin. This information is needed to use taxation and non-tariff measures. Under the country of origin of goods is the country in which the goods were fully produced or subjected to sufficient processing in accordance with the criteria set out in MK Ukraine. Due to the existence of differential customs duties (depending on the country of origin) customs tariff is an effective tool in foreign relations. Country of origin of goods is one of the main elements of the regulation of trade flows between countries is essential in the implementation of foreign trade agreements Conclusions of the research. Moving goods through the customs border of Ukraine is the main location, which is based customs. It brings together in a single unit all provisions of the Customs Code. Its components, especially, are the customs regimes, the customs clearance, the customs control, the customs formalities and the risk management. As for components that were considered in this study, it is possible to recognize the following. Customs regimes are the most voluminous institutes of the customs law. Through cross-border, economic operators elect customs regime provided for by the customs legislation and implement its clearance in accordance with established procedures. The choice depends on the particular administrative or fiscal prescription. The features are purpose of moving, origin (Ukrainian or foreign) status of the goods after customs clearance, payment of customs duties and some other features. By approving features and procedure for customs clearance, the legislator establishes rules for movement of goods through the customs border of Ukraine. These rules are defined conducted customs policy.Раскрыто содержание и структуру перемещения товаров через таможенную границу Украины. Обращено внимание на такие составляющие, как таможенные режимы, таможенное оформление, определение таможенной стоимости и страны происхождения товара.Розкрито зміст і структуру переміщення товарів через митний кордон України. Основну увагу сконцентровано на таких складових, як митні режими, оформлення, визначення митної вартості та країни походження товар
Професійна злочинність як прояв злочинного корпоративізму
Get PDFIn the writings of scholars of professional crime problem, itsnature, the nature of the content viewed from different perspectives. Realy, it isproposed to consider it a separate type of crimes, or part of recidivism or organizedcrime, or even a kind of crime of political elites. Thus the phenomenon ofprofessional criminologists crime needs attention and a thorough investigation.Question describe professional criminal behavior such persons in criminology wasquite problematic.Recent researches and publications analysis. Challenges professional crimeinvestigation at different times and in different aspects such engaged in foreign anddomestic scientists as Enrico Ferri, Gabriel de Tarde, A.I. Gurov, O.V. Shesler, A.F.Zelinsky, I.M. Danshin, G.F. Hohriakova and other scientists – criminologists,criminologists, sociologists, psychologists, psychiatrists and others. The writings ofscholars of professional crime problem, its nature, the nature of the content viewedfrom different perspectives. Yes, it is proposed to consider it a separate species (kindof) crimes or part of recidivism or organized crime, or even a kind of crime ofpolitical elites. Thus the phenomenon of professional criminologists crime needsattention and a thorough investigation.Paper objective. The concept of a professional criminal, professional crime isoften interpreted arbitrarily. Meanwhile, the problem of stable, long-term, skilfulcriminal behavior has ancient historical roots.Paper main body. It should be noted that indeed a professional criminalactivity is permanent and sustainable. Professional criminals for a long timerepeatedly commit crimes that initially provides them a habit that then turns back tonormal behavior. Therefore, you should agree with the scientists who examined thecriminal professionalism as a kind of conscious thought-out in every detail previouslyprepared social parasitism.Of particular importance for improving the criminal qualification hascommunication and interaction, during which the transfer takes place and criminalexperience. Where necessary, organized workshops, such as the manufacture ofmaster keys, firearms, knives, shows silent penetration of a particular object, physicaltraining, learning unarmed combat, possession of knives, card and other methods.Conclusions of the research. The reason for this is enough, because thechanging socio-economic conditions of society leads to the fact that professionalcriminals are loners, and more are moving into the sphere of criminal business:committing crimes by ordering and guided, assisted and cover criminal gangs andcorrupt representatives of power structures, controlled and punished them. Notnecessarily every practical manifestation of criminal professionalism have all thehallmarks of a criminal organization. Therefore, we believe that the phenomenon ofprofessional crime should be viewed through the prism of contemporarycriminological notion of "corporate crime", which successfully integrates sustainableabove listed this phenomenon. Professional crime believe structural element ofcorporate crime, promising practical understanding and learning, and mostimportantly - a theoretical understanding of the phenomenon of criminal corporatism.В статье рассматривается явление профессиональной преступности как проявление копроративной преступностиРозглянуто явище професійної злочинності як прояв корпоративної злочинност
Озброєність як ознака злочинної організації: роль судової балістики при розслідуванні бандитизму
Get PDFThe article dedicated to studying the role of the judicial ballistics in the investigation of crimes committed by criminal groups. The main idea of this study is the fact that armament is an inherent feature of banditry, which entails the need to study this phenomenon from the perspective of criminalistics namely judicial ballistics. Despite the diverse nature of the problem, namely the criminalistics emphasis of the topic is displayed in the article. Question the relevance of this subject is due to a rapidly developing of the arms market (including the «black market») and the impact of this development on the armed organized crime groups. Is a list of acts of national legislation of Ukraine that regulate legal relations connected with this phenomenon. Another problem of the research topic is the lack of the law «On Weapons» in the system national legislation of Ukraine, despite the presence of similar laws in foreign countries. Separately, emphasize the need to broaden the interpretation of the term «judicial ballistics» in connection with the enlarged list of subjects that fall under the study. The main part of the article is devoted to the description of new types of weapons that have appeared on the territory of Ukraine for the years of its independence, on their legal status and the possibility of using as weapons by organized criminal groups. Among these weapons are named: traumatic arms (pistols and revolvers), air arms (rifles) weapons chambered for «Flaubert» and the starting guns. In addition, the study points to the increasing role of the Internet in the commission of crimes today. Indicates that the weapon can be purchased by members of criminal gangs online. In this connection, attention is focused on the improvement of forensic technology in the industry of forensic identification device in the network, as well as precisely those members of organized criminal groups who commit crimes using via the Internet. At the end of the article there are four major conclusions regarding the studied issues. Firstly, there is a need to broaden the approach to the definition and understanding of the term «forensic ballistics». Secondly, it is the need to decide on technical and forensic level some issues related to criminalistics identification of and registration of new types of weapons. In continuation, points to the need to improve criminalistics technics in the industry of investigation crimes committed using the Internet. Moreover, it should take into account the need for appropriate changes in legislation. In conclusion, given the idea that the problems found and proposed their solutions do not solve the problem of organized crime, but will carry a minimum of a preventive nature.Проанализирована проблема вооруженности как признак преступной организации. Рассмотрены проблемные вопросы законодательства и практики применения оружия при совершении преступлений организованными преступными группами корыстно- насильственной направленности. Определяются пути и направления преодоления указанных проблем в сфере судебной баллистики.Проаналізовано проблему озброєності як ознаку злочинної організації. Розглянуто проблемні питання законодавства та практики застосування зброї при вчиненні злочинів організованими злочинними групами корисливо-насильницької спрямованості. Визначено шляхи і напрямки подолання зазначених проблем в сфері судової балістик
Еволюція правового регулювання шлюбно-сімейних відносин на українських землях у Х – ХІХ століттях
Get PDFStatement of problem. In Ukraine nowadays every year the family institution loses its meaning. There is a growing trend towards so-called "civil marriage", frequent divorce, and young people do not want to marry. You should also remember the wedding, ceremony, which is primarily a spiritual meaning, not just a contract. As a form of marriage in general it has lost its value and almost never used. We can not ignore and gay marriage, the debate over which unabated. There are many points of view, various studies and surveys on this. In many countries, such marriages are allowed, but multiple opponents argue that it is contrary to the very definition of family and marriage. So today there is a need to explore the genesis concepts of marriage and family. Recent research and publication analysis. The question of marriage and family relations was always interested researchers because the family and the family is the foundation of every human life. Recent research and public study on matrimonial customary law pre-Christian times in his writings pay attention Hrushevsky, Ivan Krypiakevych, I. Belyaev, M. ascend-Budanov, V. Serhiyevych, Shulgin, S. Yushkov, N. Pushkarev, N. Belyaev. The question of civil-legal regulation of property relations in Kievan Rus according to the norms of n Pravda was the subject of study of various scientists. These include, in particular, B. Grekov , P.Muzychenko, V. Rubanyka, W. Kulczycki, P. Zakharchenko, V. Serhiyevycha and others. In the nineteenth century the question of family relations, family and inheritance redistribution members of one family studied Pahman S., M. Kachanov, Barykov A., Mukhin, Alexander Leontiev. Paper objective. The article is a comprehensive analysis of the formation of marriage and family relations arising from the fact of belonging to a marriage and family in the Ukrainian lands in their development during X – XIX centuries. Paper main body. Analyzed the issue of marriage and family relations in the process of formation and development in Ukraine. History of the Ukrainian family law reaches ancient times, even before the formation of Kievan Rus as a state, let alone the adoption of Christianity. In ancient times in our history the Ukrainian lands major factor regulating social relations advocated custom. Personal property and non-property rights of spouses dependent on the shape and conditions of marriage. Matrimonial law Kievan Rus was a kind and unique because formed based on Byzantine law, pagan rituals, various folk customs and princely legislation. To simplify and facilitate the marriage in 1897 was issued a collection of religious and civil laws on divorce and judicial proceedings in matrimonial matters, where it was said that people of Orthodox religion can marry among themselves and with foreigners Orthodox and all other Christian denominations not asking for special permission from the authorities, but with all the marriage requirements. Conclusions of research. Examining the different forms of marriage in the Pagan era, one could argue that the echoes of ancient customs can be seen today in the marriage rites. The adoption of Christianity created favorable conditions for the rapid development of social, economic, political and spiritual relations, preparing the ground for organizing the legal system, both in general and in the field of marriage and family relations. Christianity, including Orthodox Church, had a great influence on the formation of new ethical norms of life which, to some extent found their reflection in the new legal system. Further evolution took place right in the direction of humanization. Thus, the Christian church has become a stabilizing factor in the socio-political system and legal development as Kievan Rus and modern Ukraine. The provisions of customary law XVII-XVIII reflected in the laws of the Russian Empire concerning marriage, conditions for its conclusion and termination, family rights and responsibilities and so on. These laws, some provisions of which began to operate from late XVII-XVIII century. In the nineteenth century. already fully regulate marriage and family relationships population, including Ukraine as part of the Russian Empire, and acted to the October revolution in 1917 however they were not straightforward and often contradicted each other. On the one hand provide extensive freedom and independence of women, on the other - completely denied their rights. Full union of church and state, which was one of the important principles of society at the time, was at the heart of marriage laws: the laws given not only features the marriage of some segments of the population, but were certain provisions of the laws concerning marriage of people of different Christian denominations and marriage do not Christians. The state determined the only legitimate church marriage, the main proof of marriage was a record in the parish (metric) book. As for the rights and responsibilities of spouses, they are completely controlled by the church, the state and meet the requirements of the then social, though not entirely satisfy the desire of family members.Проанализированы вопросы становления брачно-семейных отношений, которые возникают по факту брака и принадлежности к семье, на украинских землях в процессе их развития в Х – ХІХ векахПроаналізовано питання становлення шлюбно-сімейних відносин, що виникають з факту шлюбу та приналежності до сім’ї, на українських землях в процесі їх розвитку впродовж Х – ХІХ ст
Запобігання злочинності громадськими формуваннями в Республіці Білорусь
Get PDFThe topic of this article is actual since there isn’t any completely adopted foreign states’ experience for extension of the circle of crime prevention subjects and their functioning forms in contemporary Ukraine. The Republic of Belarus practice in this sphere causes scientific interest for Ukrainian researchers. The objective of thispaper is to generalize modern activity of the public units in the sphere of crime prevention in Belarus on the basis of analysis of its crime rates. Crime rates in Belarus decreased during 2009–2013. The main reasons of it were steady social and economic development of this country, repressive state policy, intolerance against crime in the country. The most widespread type of public influence on crime is voluntary people’s guards’ work. Their activity is widespread not only in cities, but also in the countryside. Voluntary people’s guards’ work bases on the territorial and production principles. It means that people’s guards are formed mostly on large enterprises and in universities. Conclusion: Voluntary people’s guards’ work is the most spread form of public participation in the crime prevention in the Republic of Belarus. The pattern of its activity is the Russian Federation practice in this sphere.Статья посвящена изучению современных форм общественного воздействия на преступность в Республике Беларусь на основе обобщения ее тенденций, а также правового обеспечения деятельности общественностиРозглянуто сучасні форми громадського впливу на злочинність у Республіці Білорусь на підставі узагальнення її тенденцій, а також правове забезпечення діяльності громадськості
Вина в римському приватному праві
Get PDFThe article addresses the notion of fault and its role in Roman private law. The author analyses different aspects of roman lawyers’ doctrine concerning the degrees of faults, casus, vis maior and the scope of liability.Исследуется понятие вины и его значение в римском частном праве. Анализируется учение римских юристов о степенях вины, случае, непреодолимой силе и границах договорной и деликтной ответственности.Досліджується поняття вини та його значення в римському приватному праві. Аналізується вчення римських юристів про ступені вини, випадок, непереборну силу та межі договірної й деліктної відповідальності
Феномен саморегулювання в контексті становлення існтитуту саморегулівних організацій в Україні
Get PDFThe author made a research of the reasons for formation of the institution of self-regulatory organizations, and explained the basic concepts of the legal nature of these institutions in modern democracies. The basic models of self-regulation which formed in the world were also analyzed. The author explained the main problems of the self-regulatory organizations in other developed countries, as well as in Ukraine. On the basis of this analysis the author suggested ways of improving the legislation in this sphere in UkraineИсследованы причины возникновения института саморегулируемых организаций и основные концепции объяснения правовой природы этих институтов в современных демократических государствах. Проанализированы основные модели саморегулирования, которые сформировались в мировой практике. Объяснены основные проблемы деятельности саморегулируемых организаций в развитых зарубежных странах, а также в Украине. На основе проведенного анализа предложены пути совершенствования законодательного унормирования деятельности саморегулируемых организаций в УкраинеДосліджено передумови виникнення інституту саморегулівних організацій та основні концепції пояснення правової природи цих інститутів у сучасних демократичних державах. Проаналізовано основні моделі саморегулювання, які сформувались у світовій практиці. Обґрунтовано основні проблеми діяльності саморегулівних організацій у розвинених зарубіжних державах, а також в Україні. Запропоновано шляхи вдосконалення законодавчого унормування діяльності саморегулівних організацій в Україн