Psychological Thought (Journal)
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FACTOR STRUCTURE OF THE UPDATED ILLINOIS RAPE MYTH ACCEPTANCE SCALE IN THE INDIAN CONTEXT
Full text linkThis study explores the factor structure and the other psychometric properties of the updated Illinois Rape Myth Acceptance Scale (IRMAS), in the Indian context. The sample was collected from 429 college and university students in the state of Tripura in India. All the items in the original scale were retained and five major factors were revealed by Principal Component Analysis. The model was deemed to be a good fit by the estimates of Confirmatory Factor Analysis. All the five factors derived were found to be reliable. The divergent validity of the study was verified; however, the convergent validity was ascribed from the high composite reliability of the factors. Different other measures like item-total, inter-item correlation strengthened the foundation of reliability and validity of the scale. The full scale was found to possess satisfactory reliability. The gender difference in the total test scores was assessed and found to be significant. The other details are discussed herein
SELF-COMPASSION AND SELF-PROTECTION IN TWO-CHAIR TECHNIQUE: CONSENSUAL QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF TRANSCRIBED VIDEO-RECORDINGS
Full text linkEven though self-compassion and self-protection are associated with well-being and mental and physical health, qualitative research in this area is very rare. As no study has compared self-compassionate and self-protective responses during the two-chair technique, the aim was to analyze participants’ subjective responses in reacting to self-criticism during the technique and compare self-compassionate and self-protective statements. The research sample comprised 80 participants; 60 women and 20 men (M = 23.86; SD = 5.98). The investigation underwent consensual qualitative analysis. The results showed four main domains for self-compassion and self-protection: cognitive, behavioral, emotional, and interpersonal aspects. In several cases, the participants utilized self-compassion and self-protection simultaneously or subsequently, and both types of responses to some degree supplemented each other or were intertwined. Self-protection and self-compassion are complimentary. Only by combining these two constructs can individuals assertively protect themselves while being kind to themselves and others. In the case of self-compassion, the results confirm several findings from previous studies, but in the case of self-protection, this is the first more detailed exploration of this construct because it has not been studied sufficiently to date.
COPING STRATEGIES AND MENTAL HEALTH OF THE LGBTQ WITH HIV/AIDS – A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Full text linkFacing stigma on both HIV and sexuality by the larger society puts significant pressure and stress on the LGBTQ living with HIV to cope with their diagnosis. The promotion of coping strategies as an intervention to increase well-being among PLHIV needs to consider current findings to remain relevant. This systematic review took 17 articles from 2008 to 2018 to provide a comprehensive analysis of issues that influenced coping strategies and investigate the association of the chosen coping strategy with their mental health. The results indicated that the impact of double stigma amplifies the challenge faced by the LGBTQ community to deal with their HIV diagnosis and had a significant impact on their mental health wellbeing. Both positive and negative coping styles were present as coping strategies employed with positive coping being used more as a chosen strategy. Each presenting coping strategy was reviewed, with depression and anxiety becoming the baseline indicator to reflect mental health status. This systematic review also revealed that the positive coping strategy does not necessarily lead to a positive psychological state as it is dependent on the changeability of the stressor faced. The findings emphasized the complexities in untangling the influence of coping on wellbeing among PLHIV. More attention should be paid to the mechanisms of stressor appraisal in selecting a more suitable coping strategy
FAMILY RELATIONS FROM THE PERSPECTIVES OF FEMALE YOUTHS WITH SUICIDAL BEHAVIOR: A QUALITATIVE STUDY
Full text linkResearch on youth's suicidal behavior often focuses on individuals rather than families. This exploratory research is related to family relations in female youths with suicidal behavior. This study's respondents were ten suicidal female youths (aged 15 to 24) divided into two groups: ' attempt' and 'no-attempt'. The FACES IV, family communication scale, and family satisfaction scale were given at the beginning of the study, which was continued with in-depth interviews to explore the flexibility, cohesion, and communication of their family relations. In the attempt group, FACES IV resulted in low balanced cohesion (35.8 respectively), low balanced flexibility (41.2 respectively), and low family communication (15.4 respectively). Surprisingly, all participants of both groups rated their family satisfaction levels low, meaning that all participants were dissatisfied with the family functioning. The interview resulted in eight main themes: lack of emotional closeness, family conflict, sibling relationship, leadership in the family, obedience, autonomy, and control, and mendhem rasa (buried emotion, in Javanese culture), and weak communication skills. In conclusion, the family's hierarchical relationships, family conflict, and emotional distance become the risk factors for adolescent suicidal behavior. The perspectives found in this study with suicidal female youths suggest that family-based prevention and intervention of suicidal behavior in youths need to understand family cultural values while encouraging to build emotional closeness and communication skills in the family
THE AFFECT BALANCE SCALE (ABS): PSYCHOMETRIC PROPERTIES IN ARGENTINA
Full text linkThe Affect Balance Scale (ABS) was developed to assess the affective component of subjective well-being. This study aims to evaluate the psychometric properties of ABS in a non-probabilistic sample composed of 2241 individuals in the general population in Argentina, ages ranging from 18 to 89 years (M = 37.53; SD = 14.80). The results suggest acceptable psychometric properties within the sample. Excellent adjustment to the data of the two-dimensional model is observed through confirmatory factor analysis. Results of the factorial invariance analysis of gender conducted indicate that both groups are equivalent in terms of the factor structure under investigation. Internal consistency was also found to be adequate. As a result, the study contributed to assessing positive and negative affect in Spanish speaking populations
A “GENERAL THEORY OF MENTAL SUFFERING”, AND THE ROLE OF AN INNOVATIVE NARRATIVE THERAPEUTIC APPROACH
Full text linkThis article proposes alternative understandings of certain structuralist informed (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders - DSM-IIIrd to 5th Eds.) configurations of mental disorders. Life’s negative discourses and the mind’s captive responses present a “general theory of mental suffering” which phenomena are classified as modernist, DSM mental disorders, such as addictions, depression, and obsessive-compulsive disorders. Recent research has indicated that the psychedelic drug, psilocybin, has produced safe and effective outcomes for these mental suffering states. In this context, the article draws on the concept of brain plasticity order, firstly, to identify the means for a person to move away from subjection of life’s negative, dominant discourses that “capture” the brain, and then to intentionally move towards more acceptable, preferred, ethical subjectivities. These explanations, using the phenomenon of depression, provide the foundation for further proposals that an innovative form of narrative therapy could be a safe, effective and meaningful approach for persons in relationship with other similar ways of mental suffering, such as, anxiety, addiction, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and anorexia nervosa
REVIEW OF THE BOOK “EMBODIED HOT COGNITIVE VULNERABILITY TO EMOTIONAL DISORDERS. FROM THEORY TO TREATMENT”, WRITTEN BY ALEXANDRU TIBA
Full text linkThis review presents a book that brings a fresh perspective on emotional disorders. The author of the book starts from renowned models in psychological counseling and psychotherapy and identifies the need for a different focus on factors that lead to vulnerability, namely the embodied hot cognition. Each chapter of the book carefully indicates the current state of research in the field (hot cognitions, distorted hot cognition, stress-related neuroadaptations, disturbed motivation, irrational beliefs), including recent neuropsychological findings. The final chapter presents an evidence-based treatment of emotional disorders. The book could be challenging for the beginners in psychological counseling, but also a delight for professionals in this field
WHEN TIME FLIES: STATE AND TRAIT BOREDOM, TIME PERCEPTION, AND HEDONIC TASK APPRAISALS
Full text linkAn abundance of empirical research has established that a robust, positive association exists between feelings of boredom and the illusion of temporal slowing. Although state and trait forms of boredom are distinct constructs, the way these variables interact with one another to impact time perception is unknown. To further explore the association between boredom and time perception, a modified replication of a study that examined the impact of discrepancies between expected and perceived time progression on hedonic appraisals was conducted. The paradigm was extended through the inclusion of validated measures of trait and recent state boredom. Seventy-two participants (N = 72, aged 18-52, M = 23.06, SD = 5.73) were led to believe that they would perform an intrinsically unengaging task for 5 (Time Drags), 10 (Real Time), or 15 minutes (Time Flies). Consistent with previous findings, participants in the Time Drags condition reported time as progressing significantly slower than participants in the other two conditions. Moreover, participants in the Time Drags condition rated the task as significantly more aversive than did participants in the Time Flies condition. This association remained significant even when controlling for levels of trait and recent state boredom. However, the Real Time and Time Flies conditions did not differ from one another in terms of task ratings or perceived time progression. Implications of these findings and directions for future research are discussed
THE TUCKMAN PROCRASTINATION SCALE: PSYCHOMETRIC FEATURES AMONG BUENOS AIRES UNDERGRADUATES
Full text linkProcrastination is a deleterious and increasingly pervasive phenomenon within the higher-academic domain, and the progressive refinement of its measurement tools proves vital to shed light and undertake this behavior. Thus, the present study examines renewed psychometric quality features of the Tuckman Procrastination Scale within an Argentinian sample. The sample was composed of 923 undergraduates from Buenos Aires City and its environs (80.7% female; 18.7% male; 0.5% non-binary; Mage = 26.60; SDage = 8.25). The Cordoban-Argentinian adaptation of the Tuckman Procrastination Scale was employed. Content validity analysis of the scale’s items was carried out upon consideration of expert judgments. Face validity of the instrument was analyzed via a pilot study with a subsample of undergraduates. Subsequently, a confirmatory factor analysis of the Tuckman Procrastination Scale structure was conducted, and the internal consistency of the resulting factor was examined. Finally, correlations with the Academic Motivation Scale were analyzed to provide evidence of convergent validity. Results of the Confirmatory Factor Analysis supported an adequate fit of the Tuckman Procrastination Scale’s structure in its Cordoban-version 15 items, while internal consistency was acceptable-to-excellent. Finally, convergent validity evidence mostly exhibited positive associations between Procrastination and both Amotivation and less self-determined motivational subscales of the Academic Motivation Scale, while negative associations were observed with regards to Intrinsic Motivation subscales
ASSOCIATIONS AMONG FUNCTIONAL AND DYSFUNCTIONAL IMPULSIVITY: DIRECT AND INDIRECT EFFECTS ON SENSATION SEEKING IN YOUTH (19-25 YEARS OLD)
Full text linkIt is important to study the relationships between sensation seeking, functional and dysfunctional impulsivity to clarify the appropriateness and effectiveness of ways for seeking optimal stimulation. The aim of this study was to investigate if dysfunctional impulsivity had stronger direct and indirect effects on sensation seeking in youth with functional impulsivity as a mediator. Sensation seeking, functional and dysfunctional types of impulsivity were studied among 764 students from 19 to 25 years old by means of Radoslavova and Velichkov’s (2005) questionnaire. The results indicated that sensation seeking, functional and dysfunctional impulsivity correlated significantly and positively. Dysfunctional impulsivity was directly related to sensation seeking, as well as indirectly related to sensation seeking mediated by functional impulsivity. The findings also revealed that functional impulsivity was directly related to sensation seeking, as well as indirectly related to sensation seeking mediated by dysfunctional impulsivity. Dysfunctional impulsivity had larger direct effects on sensation seeking than functional impulsivity. Dysfunctional impulsivity also had larger effects as a mediator on sensation seeking than the effects of functional impulsivity as a mediator on sensation seeking. These findings suggest some deficiencies in the speed and accuracy of processing information, and the effectiveness of made decisions and implemented actions in search of optimal stimulation among youth.