Psychological Thought (Journal)
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Discussion on the Claim That the Human Mind is a Computational Process Device
Get PDFIn this theoretical paper, there will be offered a short introduction to the various discussions around the claim that the human mind operates in terms of computational processes. A number of proponents who have discussed such a theory feature this assignment. Their ideas are presented, discussed and interrelated to the general discipline of cognitive psychology, where much of that claim has been and is being put under scrutiny. The main objective of this paper is to provide a concise understanding on the above thesis, which by the use of an extensive literature could be further explored both by students of human cognition as well as researchers who would like a presentation to the topic on the basis of some foundational elements regarding the mind's ability to operate as a computing metaphor
Basic Social-Economic Factors Modelling Customer’s Psychological Behaviour
Get PDFРазглеждат се някои социално-икономически фактори, повлияващи върху поведението на потребителя – такива като социална класа, социално-икономически статус, професия, образование, доход, референтни групи, семейство, полови роли и маркетинг. Направени са някои сравнения между някои от факторите, повлияващи поведението на потребителя в САЩ и в България.This paper deals with some social and economic factors influencing on customer’s behaviour – such as social class, social-economic status, occupation, education, income, referent groups, family, gender roles and marketing. Some comparisons are made between some factors influencing on customer’s behaviour in the U.S. and in Bulgaria. Language: Bulgaria
Rape-Victim Empathy Scale (REMV): An Exploratory Study in a Portuguese Sample
Get PDFThis study examined the psychometric properties of the Rape-Victim Empathy Scale (REMV) in a sample of 250 Portuguese participants. This instrument was originally developed by Smith and Frieze (2003) to assess how individuals feel about the victim during and after rape. An exploratory factor analysis with varimax rotation was conducted on a 13-item scale, confirming the two-factor solution obtained in the original scale. Both subscales (during and post rape) were positively related and no correlations were found between rape victim and perpetrator empathy. No significant gender differences were shown regarding empathy towards the victim, but men were more empathetic towards the perpetrator than women. The implications of the results are discussed
Motivational Function of Plans and Goals
Get PDFThe academic literature shows that by helping tune out distractions, goals can get individuals' to try harder, work longer, and achieve more. Goals that people set for themselves and that are devoted to attaining mastery are usually healthy. But goals imposed by others—sales targets, quarterly returns, standardized test scores—can sometimes have dangerous side effects (Pink, 2009). Because understanding action demands understanding intention, the idea of motivation is natural and readily expressed in everyday language. Cognitive mental events like goals and expectancies can function as a “spring to action”, a moving force that energizes and directs action in purposive ways (Reeve, 2005). Cognitive studies of motivation are dealing with relationship between cognition and action. Literature is indicating a few cognitive elements that can have motivational significance. The article presents the overview of theory and research about the motivational function of plans and goals, according to Goal setting theory (Locke Latham, 1990) and Self-determination Theory (Deci Ryan, 2000). Suggestions for additional research are also indicated
Cultural Alienation in the Ageing Person
Get PDFOlder adults are faced with numerous physical, social and psychological changes in their day-to-day life. In addition, they are inundated by a youth-oriented culture that promotes novelty ideas and challenges to our society. In this article, we examine an important issue related to the relationship between cultural changes and older individuals by combining insights from phenomenological studies on cultural alienation with psychological findings on aspects of beliefs and attitudes of the ageing individual. Based on data collected in Bulgaria (N = 39), we found high levels of cultural alienation in individuals reaching old age. Furthermore, comparative analyses across gender groups revealed that both males and females are similar in the degree of reluctance to accepting and understanding the new cultural forms. The findings are discussed in the context of Jean Améry’s (1968) “On Ageing: Revolt and Resignation” and Simone de Beauvoir’s (1970) essay “The Coming of Age” for better understanding the cultural perception in the aged person. The consistency of these findings challenges for further examination of cultural attitudes across different cultures
Perceived Social Support in Cancer Survivors: Some Preliminary Results
Get PDFThe following article presents the results of a pilot survey focusing on the perception of social support received by people diagnosed with oncological disease. For the purpose of the study the Sources of Social Support Scale (SSSS) by Carver and colleagues was used, combined with the method of psychological interview. The respondents’ answers were analyzed on the basis of different kinds of support (emotional, instrumental, informational, and negative) the patients have received from five different groups of support sources
A Historical Approach to Assertiveness
Get PDFA very important personal quality is to be able to advocate for yourself - your own positions, to achieve your objectives, to overcome difficulties, to be determined, but without harming the rights of others and to be able to control the aggressive impulses. The concept, which expresses these personal characteristics, is called "assertiveness". Assertiveness is a part of the personal potential. It is a prerequisite for self-actualization. The goal we set in this historical-psychological paper is to explore the genesis, development and stabilization of the term "assertiveness". In this context, we will examine, compare and analyze the positions of the leading authors on this issue
Roles of Personality Types, Emotional Intelligence and Gender Differences on Prosocial Behavior
Get PDFDue to dearth of research on prosocial behavior (PSB) among undergraduates in Nigeria, this study investigated the influence of five –factor personality factors (FFP), emotional intelligence (EI) and gender differences on prosocial behavior (PSB) among undergraduates in Nigeria. Cross-sectional survey design was adopted to tap information from 200 randomly selected undergraduates. They responded to a carefully designed questionnaire with 4 sections. Five hypotheses were tested. The results showed that there were significant relationships between the variables of study. The first step in the hierarchical regression showed that the independent and joint contributions of age, gender, religion and educational level on PSB were not significant. The second step which involved the FFP did not have significant independent and joint contribution on PSB except for conscientiousness [R2 = .34, t = 7.08; p .01]. In the third step EI also had no significant contribution but the overall joint contribution (with other variables) to PSB increased to 35.3%. However, high EI increased PSB [t(198) = 12.36; p .01] but gender did not have significant effect on PSB. The findings were discussed based on the existing literature and important recommendations were made
Sentimentality and Nostalgia in Elderly People: Psychometric Properties of a New Questionnaire
Get PDFA new questionnaire measuring sentimentality and nostalgia in elderly people was developed based on the scale Sentimentality from HEXACO Personality Inventory – Revised (Lee Ashton, 2013), the scale Sentimentality from Psychological Inventory of Criminal-Thinking Styles (PICTS) (Walters, 2002; Walters Geyer, 2005); the subscale Sentimentality from Temperament and Character Inventory-Revised (TCI-R) (Cloninger, Svrakic, Przybeck, 1993). A sample of 121 Bulgarian elderly people was studied. The results revealed the importance of the past for the elderly people. The questionnaire had good psychometric properties. Four factors were extracted - Past emotions continue in the present; Nostalgia of the Past; Sentimental compensation; and One’s past perceived by the others. Comparison of the average values on the factors divided into the number of the items in the factor indicated that nostalgia of the past was the most strongly expressed among the elderly people, followed by the experiences related to one’s past perceived by the other people, past emotions continuing in the present, and the attempts for sentimental compensation of some past bad deeds
New Social-Psychological Study of Russian Psychology From the First Half of the XX Century
Get PDFNo abstract available.Language: Bulgaria