Psychological Thought (Journal)
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Influence of Personality on Perception of Psychological Contract Breach
Get PDFThe present research aimed to investigate the influence of personality (Five-Factor Model) on Psychological Contract Breach. Using random sampling procedure, data were collected from 90 faculties of colleges of Royal University of Bhutan. Personality scales by John, Naumann, and Soto (2008) and Robinson and Morrison’s (2000) Psychological Contract Breach scale were used in this study. Correlation and regression analysis were carried out to analyze the obtained data. Results revealed that Extraversion and Neuroticism dimensions of the personality model have been found to be positively associated with the perception of breach. Employees who are by nature Agreeable and Conscientiousness are less likely to perceive breach in their psychological contract. Organization should look into the personality aspect while recruiting employees. If employees are hired with certain personality traits, they may focus on their performance and organizational growth
Work With Children at Risk
Get PDFПроведено е пилотно изследване, част от лонгитюден психолого-педагогически експеримент за работа с деца в риск. Изследователската програма на психолого-педагогическия експеримент се осъществява на няколко стъпки: в първия етап се включва предварително проучване на психологичните особености на малка група изследвани лица, групирани по признака „деца, живеещи в риск” и на контролна група изследвани лица на същата възраст. Втора стъпка е реализиране на формиращ психолого-педагогически експеримент с експерименталната група; трета стъпка е повторно, финално изследване със същите методики на двете групи (експериментална и контролна група); четвърта стъпка е сравнение на получените данни на двете групи изследвани лица в началото и края на експеримента. Целта ни е апробиране на обучителна програма за деца, живеещи в риск, относно повишаване на социалните им умения и лични компетенции за общуване в конфликтни ситуации, както и за осъзнаване на личната им отговорност и насърчаване на собствената увереност при вземане на решение, управляване на емоциите и чувствата при преодоляване на травми и загуби. Ситуативната тревожност е по-ниска във второто изследване на експерименталната група в сравнение с първото. Наблюдават се и различия между двете групи (експериментална и контролна групи) по отношение на „сътрудничеството” като стил за справяне в конфликтни ситуации, като тази стратегия е по-използвана от лицата в контролната група. Това пилотно изследване няма претенцията за категоричност и изчерпателност по отношение на полезността от проведеното формиращо обучение, поради все още малката извадка (14 изследвани от експерименталната и 20 изследвани от контролната група), но показва необходимостта от работа с децата в риск, въпреки слабата им мотивация за участие в извънкласни форми на занятия.A pilot study was carried out as a part of a long-term psycho-pedagogical experiment for work with children at risk. This psycho-pedagogical experiment consisted of several stages. The first stage was a research of some psychological characteristics of a small group of children at risk, and of a control group of children at the same age. Second - a psycho-pedagogical experiment with the experimental group; the third step was the final study of the both groups with the same methods. The fourth step was to compare the results of both groups at the beginning and the final of the experiment. The aim of this psycho-pedagogical experiment was to probe an educational program for children at risk, enhancing their social and personal skills in conflict situations. Also this program was prepared to give awareness for their personal responsibilities and to encourage their confident decision-making, their emotion control when they overcome some traumas and losses. Situational anxiety was lower at the final study of the experimental group compared to the beginning. There were also some differences between the experimental and control groups in the use of cooperation like a behavioural style in a conflict situation. This strategy was preferred by the control group. This pilot study do not pretend to be definitive in terms of significance of education because of the small number of the respondents in the sample (14 subjects in the experimental and 20 subjects in the control group), but it has shown the importance and necessity of work with children at risk despite their low motivation to participate in extracurricular activities.Language: Bulgaria
Reporting of Effect Size and Confidence Intervals: Review and Methods of Calculation
Get PDFВъпреки критиките към тях, тестовете на статистическа значимост продължават да бъдат основната процедура за правене на статистически изводи в психологията. За да се преодолеят някои от недостатъците свързани с тях, предложено е авторите да докладват големина на ефекта и доверителни интервали като допълнителни методи за анализ на данните. Настоящата статия разглежда аргументи в полза на докладването на големина на ефекта и доверителни интервали, и проверява до колко това се прави чрез преглед на статии публикувани в български списания по психология. Резултатите показват, че мнозинството от статиите все още не докладват големина на ефекта, и че много малко статии докладват доверителни интервали. Статията след това разглежда различни мерки за големина на ефекта и начини за тяхното изчисляване. Представят се също и методи за изчисляване на доверителни интервали за големина на ефекта. Въпреки че отговорността за докладването на тези методи се пада на авторите, в статията се изразява мнението, че по-строги изисквания от страна на редакторите и преподаването на тези методи на студентите ще стимулират психолозите да променят начина, по който анализират данните си.Despite continuous criticism, significance tests remain the main procedure for statistical inference in psychology. In order to avoid some of the problems associated with them, it has been argued that authors should report effect sizes and confidence intervals as supplemental methods of data analysis. The present article discusses arguments in favor of reporting effect sizes and confidence intervals, and investigates how common such practices are by reviewing articles published in Bulgarian psychology journals. The results show that the majority of articles still don’t report effect sizes and that very few articles report confidence intervals. The article then outlines different measures of effect size and methods for their calculation. It also presents methods for calculating confidence intervals for effect sizes. While it is ultimately the authors’ responsibility to report them, it is argued that stronger editorial policies and actively teaching these concepts to psychology students can encourage psychologists to change the way they analyze their data.Language: Bulgaria
The Regulatory Emotional Self-Efficacy Scale: Issues of Reliability and Validity Within a Turkish Sample Group
Get PDFThe purpose of this study was to psychometrically evaluate the Turkish version of the Regulatory Emotional Self-efficacy Scale (RESE). The RESE, the Emotional Self-efficacy Scale, the Self-liking/Self-competence Scale, and the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire were applied to 303 university students in total, 180 were women (59.4%) and 123 were men (40.6%). According to results of confirmatory factor analysis applied in the study are founded enough conformity between the priori hypothesis model and the data. In addition, the metric invariance model shows that there were no gender differences on this confirmatory model. Internal consistency coefficients were all above the acceptable for the RESE’s sub-scale and total. Moreover, positive correlations were found between regulatory emotional self-efficacy dimensions and emotional self-efficacy, self-esteem, and happiness. According to these research findings, the RESE is a valid and reliable instrument for measuring regulatory self-efficacy in Turkish
Empowering Employees: Structural Empowerment as Antecedent of Job Satisfaction in University Settings
Get PDFWith more organizations looking for employees who take the initiative and respond creatively to the challenges of the job, empowerment becomes important at both individual and organizational levels. Empowered employees are generally more satisfied with their work, committed and effective at work. According to Kanter's structural empowerment, this study examines the role of access to opportunity, resources, support and information, and two types of power, formal and informal, as antecedents of job satisfaction. A cross sectional study using questionnaires was conducted. The sample consisted of 226 Spanish university teachers. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses have revealed that intrinsic job satisfaction was significantly predicted by formal power and access to opportunity, and job satisfaction with supervisor was predicted by informal power, and access to resources, information, and support. Results support Kanter's theory of structural empowerment, and suggest strong relationships between job satisfaction and structural empowerment. It is a link between empowering work settings and organizational outcomes (job satisfaction, organizational commitment, effectiveness). On a practical level, Kanter's structural empowerment theory provides a framework for understanding empowering workplaces and empowered employees
Working With People With Autistic Spectrum Conditions: A Single Case Study
Get PDFThe aim of this paper is to present the work undertaken to support a young person with autistic spectrum conditions (ASC) over a period of 6 years and to discuss the results of a holistic intervention strategy which addressed a range of difficulties experienced both in school and in the community. A brief overview of common approaches in the education and care support for individuals with ASC is presented. The discussion highlights and suggests that a holistic approach might be more suitable and effective in achieving a range of positive outcomes in an educational and social context. A mixed method single-subject design was adopted. Several data measurements at three age points were collated to demonstrate progress in the following three areas: (1) Positive Behavior Management, (2) Access to Curriculum Lessons and Community Based Activities (3) Level of Staff Support. Adopting a holistic, person-centered and highly individualized approach where opportunities for choice and control are nurtured and fostered suggests that in the long-term more durable and meaningful outcomes are achieved. The results of this single-subject case study have implications for future design, delivery and implementation of educational and care programs
Coping Styles: A Better Understanding of Stress and Anxiety in Individuals With Autism Spectrum Conditions Through Sport and Exercise Models
Get PDFThe aim of this paper is to present an understanding of the coping mechanisms and coping styles adopted by individuals on the Autism Spectrum Conditions (ASC) by looking to draw parallels with sports performance psychology and how different sources of stress and anxiety can lead to the adoption of different coping styles. Firstly, an overview of current understanding of what constitute a stressor and how this can affect an individual is presented from sport and exercise psychology literature. Secondly, a model of coping styles is illustrated with the aim to shed light at how different perceptions of levels of stress and anxiety are managed both on an individual and group level. Thirdly, within the context of this understanding, some examples about how to support individuals on the ASC will be illustrated. Finally, implications for future research and reflection will be presented by highlighting the importance of teaching and learning coping and tolerance skills as part of a comprehensive and holistic psycho-educational program
Goal Orientation of Adult Students Towards Learning Strategies: The Malaysian Context
Get PDFThe purpose of this study is to identify the goal orientation of adult students in the Malaysian context. The finding of this study shows that mastery goal orientation registered the highest mean among the adult students. Therefore, the adult students were found to have adopted mastery goal orientation in their learning process. The analysis of t-Test and One-Way ANOVA indicates that there were no significant group differences in the mean scores of mastery goal orientation among gender, age group and years of experience of the respondents. In addition, this study also attempts to offer the higher education institutions to understand the students’ learning strategies by knowing their goal orientation. It provides information on how deep learning strategies can be integrated with mastery goal orientation so that they are in line to produce better learning outcomes. It is recommended in this study that deep learning methods such as flexible learning and problem-based learning can be used to encourage students to take greater responsibilities for their learning outcomes. In this respect, they will be able to interact with the facilitator on the course material in a more practical and analytical manner. In terms of future research, this study provides validated measures of goal orientation which can be used by future researchers in the similar research setting
Personal Characteristics of Aggressive Drivers in the Perception of Drivers and Road Traffic Inspectors
Get PDFAggressive driving, being the most dangerous behavior on the roads, attracts special attention of the WHO and the UNO. The term of aggressive driving was introduced in the territory of Latvia in 2004 giving a definition of this violation on the legislative level. The issues connected with the drivers’ ideas on the present phenomenon were studied in the course of a multi-stage research. 2160 drivers representing all regions of Latvia were investigated. As a result of the study, a multi-component model was obtained. Driver’s personality is one of the most important components of the ideas on aggressive driving, evaluation of which was performed in the plane of three factors. Comparative analysis between the drivers and the inspectors of the road traffic regarding this component is performed and the results are presented in this article. Additionally, in the course of the study, a drivers’ typology was specified