Psychological Thought (Journal)
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Personality Traits and the Expression Area of Synthetic House-Tree-Person Drawings in Early Adolescent Japanese
Get PDFThis study surveyed the expression areas of the Synthetic House-Tree-Person drawing test (S-HTP test, Mikami, 1995) for Japanese early adolescents. The S-HTP test is a projective method in which subjects are asked to draw a house, tree, and person. The expression area is defined as the area of each drawn item, such as the house, tree or person. The participants consisted of 186 Japanese junior high school students and their S-HTP drawings were analyzed using path analysis. The relationships between the expression areas of each item in the test and the students’ personality traits were examined. The personality traits were measured using the Five-Factor Personality Inventory for Children (FFPC, Soga, 1999). The results show that personality traits of high conscientiousness were associated with larger houses (p .10) and trees (p .10). In addition, higher scores on openness to experience (p .01) and on agreeableness (p .05) correlate with bigger person figures as their size, whereas higher scores on neuroticism correlate with smaller figures as their size (p .01). The findings also indicate that the total fitness of the model was sufficient (CFI = .984, RMSEA = .021). These findings may aid the development of useful criteria for future psychological assessments
Dynamics in the Basic Individual Values at Bulgarian Students in Emerging Adulthood – 18-29 Years
Get PDFA comparison of data from three empirical surveys, carried out in 1995, 2005 and 2015 with SVS (Schwartz Value Survey; Schwartz, 1992) among 18-29 year-old students, is presented in the article. The aim of the study is to trace out the dynamics of the significance and hierarchy of basic individual values among emerging adults, which is insufficiently analyzed problem in the psychological literature. The results reveal that in the studied 20-year period, individual and collective values both increase their significance. The priorities of the values remain stable in time, but they become more ambivalent – security and conformity joined self-direction at the categories of values and conservatism joined openness to change and self-transcendence at the poles of the dimensions of values. The collective interests prevail over individual ones, as a result of the intensive growth of some collective values such as conformity and conservatism in 2015. This study raises some questions related to the specificity of value models in this age group and their change in post-totalitarian context.Language: Bulgarian
Possibilities of Development of Schoolchildren’s Higher Creative Capacities in a Specially Organized Educational Environment
Get PDFThe article explains the need for a psychologically comfortable educational environment that contributes to children’s creative and intellectual development; it discusses the characteristics of specially organized educational environment creating conditions for the development of the higher creative capacities in children of primary school age on the basis of the Method of prolonged diagnostics and formation of creativity.Language: Bulgaria
The Journey Towards Africanising Psychology in Ghana
Get PDFPsychology has come a long way since its origin in Africa and Ghana in particular. In this paper, an attempt is made to explore the current state of psychological knowledge in Ghana as well as the associated problems in the application of such knowledge. It was concluded that the approach to the study and application of psychological knowledge and tests has been too Eurocentric and westernized. As a result, it limits the applicability of the approach to the African setting, and yet, Western theorists may expect African psychologists to apply the theories to Africans. On the basis of this criticism, the scope of Pan-African psychology is defined and suggestions for pursuing an Africanisation project are presented. It is expected that the strategies that this paper advocates for indigenizing psychology in Africa can equally be useful to psychologists in other developing regions of the world
The Limits of the Use of Locus of Control in Industrial Psychology: A Critical Evaluation
Get PDFLocus of control is a personality variable that is employed by researchers from diverse disciplines. This article examines the limits of the construct’s usage in industrial and organizational psychology. Although locus of control is documented to predict a wide array of workplace behavior such as job satisfaction, job performance and turnover intention, some important conceptual, methodological and empirical flaws raise suspicions on the explanations proposed by researchers. Considering the shortage of experimental and longitudinal evidence, it is argued that the causal direction of the well-established correlations between locus of control and other organizational behavioral variables might be the opposite of the theory’s expectation. It is also claimed that some related constructs such as self-efficacy and belief in a just world might provide further explanations for observed correlations
Ideological Bases of Institutional Trust in Eastern and Western Europe and the Effect of Motivated Social Cognition
Get PDFOur study investigates the assumption that citizens expect the democratic institutional system to operate in accordance with values and norms that are deeply embedded in public thinking of their country. As individual-level trust towards the institutional system is built mainly on these norms and values, our results show that differences between Eastern and Western European public thinking lead to asymmetries regarding the bases of institutional trust. Specifically, degree of income inequalities and perceived quality of welfare services seem to be more important factors in the postsocialist region in comparison with Western Europe. Furthermore, in accordance with the approach of motivated social cognition, we could also confirm that those with a higher level of conventionality motivation lean on normative ideological elements to a greater extent when they are indicating their personal level of institutional trust
Psychological Aspects of Civic Protests in Bulgaria
Get PDFThe article analyzes some aspects of the role of the political psychology in the sphere of civil society. Civic activism requires adequate psychological motivation and qualities of the participants and leaders of civic events. Their absence is a factor for ineffectiveness of different types of civic activities, including the protest activity
Personality Profiles of Subjects With Different Cognitive Styles
Get PDFThe relationships between cognitive styles and some important characteristics of personality were studied in 421 clinically healthy adults (mean age 30,25 ± 9,71; 176 men). They were examined by the Slocum’s questionnaire (Slocum Hellriegel, 1983), based on the typology of cognitive styles of Carl Jung (Jung, 1923) with the aim to determine the individually preferred cognitive style – sensing-thinking (left-hemispheric style), intuition-feeling (right-hemispheric style), intuition-thinking and sensing-feeling (mixed styles), and subsequently by Gießen-test, with the aim to assess the following characteristics of personality social resonance, dominance/subordination, self-control, underlying mood, permeability and social potency/impotency. The results showed that the cognitive style is a factor initiating significant differences between groups with different cognitive styles regarding the characteristics dominance/subordination and underlying mood. The group with the right-hemispheric cognitive style intuition-feeling tended to subordination and depressive mood. The other groups tended to dominance and hypomanic mood.Language: Bulgaria
Role of Computer Self-Efficacy and Gender in Computer-Based Test Anxiety Among Undergraduates in Nigeria
Get PDFThis study examined the role of computer self-efficacy and gender in computer-based test (CBT) anxiety among a sample of Nigerian undergraduates. A cross-sectional survey design was adopted. Using a purposive sampling technique, 241 undergraduates (110 males and 131 females) were selected from a public university in Ondo State, Nigeria. Their ages ranged from 17 to 29 years with a Mean of 23.10 (SD = 5.10). Standardized questionnaires were used for data collection. Two hypotheses were tested using simple linear regression and independent t-test. The results showed that undergraduates who had higher level of computer self-efficacy were less likely to experience CBT anxiety (β = -.41; p .01). Female undergraduates (M = 65.74) reported higher level of CBT anxiety than their male counterparts (M = 52.43). Therefore, to reduce computer-based test anxiety among undergraduates, we suggest that university managements should organize psychological training that would help enhance undergraduates (especially female undergraduates) computer self-efficacy
