International Journal of Health Studies (IJHS - Shahroud University of Medical Sciences)
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Comparison of the Efficiency of Cognitive Rehabilitation, Intervention based on the Barclay Model, and Neurofeedback on Improving Executive Functions, Performance, and Attitude towards Reading in Children with Dyslexia
Get PDFBackground: Dyslexia affects the brain\u27s capacity to receive, store, and respond to information, and it is necessary to apply timely and appropriate treatment measures to prevent or improve students\u27 problems. This study aimed to investigate and compare the effectiveness of techniques for brain rehabilitation, intervention based on Barclay\u27s model, and neurofeedback on improving executive Functions, reading performance, and attitude towards reading in children with dyslexia.
Methods: This study falls under semi-experimental research with a pretest-posttest design and a control group. The statistical population included all 8-12-year-old students with dyslexia in Shahood city during 2023, alongside their parents and teachers. Out of these, 60 students were chosen through purposive sampling and randomly assigned to four groups (one control group and three experimental groups). Data collection tools comprised the Behavioral Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF), the Official Reading and Dyslexia Test (NAMA), and the Attitude Test by McKenna and Kerr (1990). The data were subjected to a multivariate analysis of covariance using SPSS26 software.
Results: According to the obtained results, two methods of intervention based on the Barclay model and cognitive rehabilitation were effective in improving the reading performance of children with dyslexia, but the intervention based on the Barclay model was more effective than other methods for improving their reading performance; Because the timely strengthening of children\u27s reading skills by parents who spend a long time with their children will be highly effective in improving the learnability of this group. Therefore, from a practical point of view, it can be considered essential and basic skills needed by dyslexic students in the early stages and lower levels of education to have better preventive results.
Conclusions: According to the results, proper planning should be done to identify children with problems and take appropriate action to prevent problems in them
Investigating the Attitude and Self-Confidence Level of Emergency Doctors and Nurses in the Field of Violence Management in the Emergency Department of Urmia University of Medical Sciences
Get PDFIntroduction: Although the emergency department is known as a potential center of violence and the main reason for the prevalence of violence in these departments is unknown. Due to the lack of registration and reporting systems for these cases, the history of research in this case is limited and there are problems in this field. And this study was conducted with the aim of investigating the attitude and self-confidence level of emergency doctors and nurses in the field of violence management in the emergency department of Urmia University of Medical Sciences.
Materials and methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted on 187 personnel working in medical education centers of Urmia by census method. The data was collected using the demographic information checklist and Dimond et al.\u27s questionnaire. After collecting the data, it was entered into SPSS 18 and analyzed with the help of descriptive and analytical statistics.
Findings: In this study, the results showed that out of 187 personnel participating in the study, most of the participating personnel were nurses 134(%71.6), age group 138(%73.8) 26 to 35 years old and gender 97(%51.9) were male. And there was a significant relationship between the gender of the emergency department staff and a work experience in the emergency department with all three areas of understanding of violence, self-confidence in managing aggressive behavior and attitude towards safety and responsiveness and security in the workplace in the face of aggression. The age group of the emergency department staff had a significant difference only in the individual\u27s perception of violence, in such a way that younger age groups had lower scores in the perception of violence section.
Discussion and conclusion: The issue of violence is a serious issue in the emergency departments of teaching hospitals in Urmia and serious attention should be paid to this point by the relevant authorities. And considering the lower levels of self-confidence of people in the face of aggression among people who have not completed training courses on violence management, the necessity of wider implementation of these courses among the employees of the emergency department in the investigated centers is mandatory
Examining the Level of Satisfaction of the Elderly Referring to Health Care Centers with Health Services Treatment of the Integrated Care Program for the Elderly in Fars Province
Get PDFBackground: The phenomenon of population aging following the increase in life expectancy and decrease in mortality in societies is a sign of the progress and development of countries, but if societies do not have the necessary preparation to deal with the needs of the elderly, especially their health needs, they will face serious challenges. This study aimed to investigate the level of satisfaction of elderly people who refer to health care centers with integrated care services for the elderly in Fars province.
Methods: The present study was conducted in a descriptive-analytical manner on 1500 elderly people who were referred to health care centers covered by Shiraz University of Medical Sciences using a simple random method. The data was collected using a checklist of demographic information and a researcher-made questionnaire. After collecting the data, it was entered into SPSS 18 and analyzed with descriptive and analytical statistics.
Results: The results showed that out of 1500 seniors who were referred, most of them were in the age group between 60-70 years old with 715 (47.6%), female gender 972 (64.8%), married 651 (85.9%), education level (53.7%) was at the elementary level and referred to urban centers with (68%) 1020 cases, and most of the satisfaction was related to the service providers (personnel) and the least satisfaction was related to the process of providing health services. Also, the elderly with a history of receiving services were far more satisfied than those who visited for the first time. The most dissatisfaction was with the facilities and equipment of health service delivery units and the duration of the service delivery process.
Conclusions: Despite the high satisfaction of the elderly, it is necessary to pay attention to the continuous improvement of the level and quality of health services for the elderly. According to the findings of the study, the need to provide facilities and modify the process of providing health services for the elderly according to their special needs, paying more attention to the empowerment of integrated care providers for the elderly as basic solutions to increase the satisfaction level of the elderly more than it is revealed
Investigating the Effect of Parenting Type on Self-esteem and Perfectionism with the Mediating Role of Character Strengths on Adolescents with Anxiety Disorders
Get PDFBackground: Anxiety disorders are prevalent mental disorders that typically emerge during the early stages of one\u27s life, with over 50% of occurrences happening before the age of 18. This study aimed to examine how different parenting styles impact the self-esteem and perfectionistic tendencies of adolescents dealing with anxiety disorders, while also considering the mediating influence of character strengths.
Methods: This study is a combination of descriptive-correlational research and cross-sectional research methods, with the utilization of structural equation modeling (SEM). The statistical population for this study consisted of all teenagers (both boys and girls) in Tehran who were diagnosed with anxiety disorders during the period from July to October 2023. The statistical sample for this study consisted of 122 teenagers with anxiety disorders who were chosen through purposive sampling. The research instruments utilized were the Coopersmith Self-esteem Inventory (SEI), the Positive and Negative Perfectionism scale (PANPS), Baumrind\u27s Parenting Styles Questionnaire (PSQ), and the Values In Action Inventory of Strengths (VIA-IS). The research data was analyzed using SPSS version 27 software, while the path between variables was analyzed using SmartPLS version 4 software. The significant level was set at 0.05.
Results: Findings indicate that there was no significant relationship between authoritarian parenting and negative perfectionism, positive perfectionism, and self-esteem when considering the mediating role of character strengths (P-value>0.05). On the other hand, there was a positive and significant relationship between authoritative parenting and positive perfectionism, as well as self-esteem, when considering the mediating role of character strengths (P-value<0.001).
Conclusions: The findings of the current investigation indicate that each of the three parenting styles contributes to the development of negative perfectionism. Additionally, the factor of personality strengths promotes self-confidence and positive perfectionism, while reducing negative perfectionism in teenagers. The outcomes of this study also emphasize the significant role of character strength as a mediating variable
The Correlation between Novice Psychopaths, Time Management, and False Feelings in Metacognition: The Mediating Role of Impulsive Behaviors
Get PDFBackground: Hyperactivity disorder has become an insoluble problem for psychologists and psychiatrists, parents, and teachers. This study aimed to explore how impulsive behaviors mediate the relationship between time management and false feelings in consciousness or metacognition in novice psychopaths.
Methods: The current study is a descriptive-correlational research with a cross-sectional research design, utilizing structural equation modeling (SEM). The target population consists of all individuals who have sought treatment at psychological clinics in Tehran, with documented psychopathic disorders between July and December of 2023. The sample size included 198 individuals diagnosed with psychopathic disorder by expert psychologists within the past year. Participants were selected through purposive sampling. The research utilized the Barratt Impulsivity Scale (BIS), Time-Management Scale, and Metacognition Questionnaire-30 (MCQ-30) as measurement tools. Descriptive statistics were analyzed using SPSS version 27, while SmartPLS version 4 was used to examine path coefficients. A significant level was set at 0.05.
Results: Based on the findings from the study, it was revealed that the long-term planning aspect had a notable negative impact on both impulsive behaviors (β=-0.516, P-valu
The Effect of Resistance Training on Some Genes Related to Insulin Secretion in the Pancreas of Type 2 Diabetic Rats
Get PDFBackground: Recently, the role of genetic components in the synthesis and secretion of insulin from the pancreatic islet cell has been raised many times. The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the effect of resistance training on serum insulin with emphasis on changes in TCF7L2 and GLUT2 expression in pancreas tissue in type 2 diabetic "T2D" rats.
Methods: For this purpose, T2D was induced by intraperitoneal injection of nicotinamide and streptozotocin to 14 male Wistar rats and divided into exercise and control groups.Resistance training lasted 10 weeks 5 times/weekly for the exercise groups.After resistance intervention TCF7L2 and GLUT2 genes expression in pancreatic tissue, serum insulin, beta cell function and fasting were compared between groups by independent t test.
Results: Compared to the control group, resistance training resulted in significant decrease in TCF7L2 expression "p = 0.006" and increase in GLUT2 expression "p = 0.016". In addition, significant decrease in glucose "p = 0.001" and increase in serum insulin "p = 0.002" as well beta cell function "p = 0.001" in exercise group was observed than the control group.
Conclusion: Based on these findings, the improvement of glucose and serum insulin may be attributed to the increase and decrease of GLUT2 and TCF7L2 expression in pancreatic tissue in response to resistance training
Parenting Stress and Maternal Emotional Difficulty: Predicting Children\u27s Attitudes and Anxiety about the COVID-19 Pandemic during lockdown
Get PDFBackground: Due to the destructive effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and social crises, the present study aimed to investigate the role of parental stress and maternal emotions\u27 difficulty in predicting children\u27s attitudes and anxiety about the COVID-19 pandemic during lockdown.
Methods: This research aimed to conduct an applied study with a descriptive-correlational data collection approach. The target population comprised all female and male students in public preschool and primary schools in Kermanshah city during the academic year 2020-2021. A total of 150 samples through the convenience sampling method completed the Parental Stress Index—Short Form (PSI-SF), The Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), The Knowledge and Attitude Scale toward COVID-19 Pandemic, and Spence Children’s Anxiety Scale – Child (SCAS-Child). Statistical computations were performed using SPSS-22 software. The significant level was set at 0.05.
Results: The results of the Pearson correlation test showed that there was a significant positive relationship between the parent\u27s distress component and the child\u27s anxiety level due to COVID-19 disease (Pvalue<0.01; r=0.23). Additionally, there was a significant positive relationship between the Children in difficulty component and children\u27s anxiety levels due to COVID-19 disease (Pvalue<0.01; r=0.48). In addition, there was a significant positive relationship between the dysfunctional parent-child interaction component and children\u27s anxiety about COVID-19 disease (Pvalue<0.01; r=0.48). There was a significant positive relationship between parental stress and child anxiety due to COVID-19 disease (Pvalue<0.01; r=0.48).
Conclusions: According to the results of the present study, one of the important measures to maintain the mental health of children in critical situations is to educate parents, especially mothers, about controlling and regulating their own negative emotions. Complications due to their age and cognitive development should be presented to them.
The Role of Family Cohesion in Internet Addiction and the Development of Alexithymia in Male Adolescent Users of Facebook and Twitter
Get PDFBackground: Families\u27 efforts to provide for their children\u27s basic needs can have psychological impacts, such as children and adolescents feeling dissatisfied with their family environment and turning to online platforms that may not benefit their mental well-being. This study aimed to explore how family cohesion influences Internet addiction and the development of alexithymia in male adolescent users of Facebook and Twitter.
Methods: Descriptive-correlational and cross-sectional research methods, along with path analysis, were utilized in this study. The research population consisted of all male Facebook and Twitter adolescent users in Isfahan from September to November 2021. A total of 261 male adolescents were selected as the statistical sample using purposeful sampling. The research utilized the Family Content Scale (FCS), Young\u27s Internet Addiction Scale (IAT), and Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) as measurement tools. Descriptive statistics were analyzed using SPSS version 26 software, while path coefficients were analyzed. Additionally, data were analyzed and modeled through Pearson\u27s correlation, multiple regression analysis, and beta coefficient. A significant level was set at 0.05.
Results: Based on the research, family cohesion had no significant effect on alexithymia (β=-0.144, P-value=0.124). Likewise, family cohesion had a negative and significant effect on Internet addiction (β=-0.761, P-value<0.001). At the same time, Internet addiction had a positive and significant effect on alexithymia (β=0.461, P-value<0.001). The Internet addiction variable was significant as a mediating variable in the relationship between family cohesion and alexithymia (P-value<0.001).
Conclusions: The results of the study suggested that a lack of family cohesion may contribute to the development of alexithymia and Internet dependency
Development and Validation of a Premarital Education Program based on Mental Health Literacy
Get PDFBackground: A successful marriage is essential to the formation of a healthy family. Choosing a spouse is the first and most crucial step in establishing a successful marriage. This study aimed to develop and validate a mental health literacy-based premarital education program.
Methods: To conduct a qualitative inquiry, the current study used the Delphi technique. The statistical population of this study consists of psychologists and premarital counseling professionals. The present study\u27s sample consists of 47 individuals who were recruited using a method of purposive sampling. Using a questionnaire developed by the researchers, the components of the concept of mental health literacy were examined. Using Kendall\u27s coordination coefficient, the level of consensus among Delphi method participants was determined. Then, Lawshe\u27s content validity ratio was utilized to assess the content validity of the program based on this component.
Results: Seven components of physical and physiological health, mental and cognitive health, emotional and mental health, social and communication health, economic and financial health, spiritual and religious health, and mental health literacy were identified based on the results of two questionnaire stages using the Delphi method. In addition, the results reveal that the value of Kendall\u27s coefficient for all components is 0.29 and the significance level for Kendall\u27s coordination coefficient is 0.05, indicating that there is a significant level of agreement among the Delphi method participants. The index of content ratio (CVR) for the educational program was greater than the value calculated using the Lawshe method (0.85). Therefore, the content validity of the mental health literacy educational program is satisfactory.
Conclusions: Considering the validity of the educational program, it is recommended that it be implemented in family education centers.
Keywords: Premarital education, Educational program, Mental health literacy
The Association between Personality Traits and OSCE-related Test Anxiety among Medical Science Students
Get PDFBackground
Personality traits are effective factors in controlling feelings and emotions, including psychological distress. The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the relationship between personality traits and test anxiety in medical students under the Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE).
Methods
This cross-sectional study was conducted with the participation of 176 medical science students by census sampling method in Iran. The inclusion criteria included studying in the first semester, having no history of addiction and suffering from psychological disorders, and the exclusion criterion was a previous history of participating in OSCE. Data collection tools included the demographic profile form, Sarason test anxiety questionnaires, and the short version of the Neo Personality Inventory (NEO-PI). Data were collected by self-report and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics.
Results
According to the results of the present study, most of the participants (64.8%) were female and (87.5%) were single. Out of all participants, about half of them (45.5%) reported moderate test anxiety. As among the five dominant personality profiles; Conscientiousness (40.9%) and neuroticism (8%) had the highest and lowest frequency, respectively. In addition, a significant relationship between personality traits and OSCE-related test anxiety was observed (p = .03).
Conclusion
The findings of the present study indicated that a significant number of students face OSCE-related test anxiety, which is related to their personality traits (conscientiousness and agreeableness). It is recommended to carry out psychological interventions according to each of the mentioned personality types in order to reduce the anxiety related to OSCE