International Journal of Health Studies (IJHS - Shahroud University of Medical Sciences)
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Identification of Campylobacter Jejuni and Campylobacter Coli from Diarrheic Samples Using PCR
Get PDFBackground: Campylobacter jejune and C. coli are recognized as the most common bacteriological causes of gastroenteritis in humans. In this study Identification of Campylobacter Jejuni and Campylobacter Coli from samples using PCR was explored.Methods: Detection was performed using diarrheal samples collected 8 from 117 children. The genomic DNA of samples was extracted by phenol-chloroform method. All DNA extracts were examined for the presence of C.jejuni and C.coli species based on PCR method. Results: Of 117 diarrheal samples, 35 (29.9%) were found positive for 10 Campylobacter spp using PCR. Conclusions: The results of this study showed that PCR is effective for rapidly screening stool samples for Campylobacter spp, due to its high sensitivity and specificity
Internal Consistency of Persian Version of Falls Efficacy Scale and Activity-Specific Balance Scale
Get PDFBackground: Falls is worldwide health problem among older adults. Different scales have been introduced related to falls, including Falls Efficacy Scale (FES) and Activity-Specific Balance Scale (ABCS). Persian version of these scale needs to be assessed for internal consistency. The aim of this study was to evaluate the internal consistency of Persian version of FES and ABCS.Methods: In this pilot descriptive cross-sectional study, subjects (n=20) were selected by convenient sampling from elderly community dwellers. Prior to assessing the internal consistency, the original scales were first translated and culturally adapted from English into Persian according to a standardized procedure. Moreover the Cronbach’s alpha of the scales was calculated by SPSS software version 21.Results: The Cronbach’s alpha of the FES and ABCS were calculated as 0.895 and 0.894, respectively. The inter-item correlation matrix of FES with 10 item and ABCS with 16 items, were positive and acceptable in both scales. Moreover, Cronbach’s alpha if item deleted for all items in ABCS were lower than 0.894 and in FES were below 0.895. It suggests that if each item deleted in both scales, the consistency of the test would decline. Therefor all items were necessary for the scales.Conclusions: The unity of the scales and internal consistency of the 16-item ABCS and 10-item of FES were good and comparable to what has been reported for previous versions of the scales in other cultures. FES and ABCS are two scales which can be used in Persian language for further studies on falls among older adults
Survey on the Antibacterial Effect of Silver Nanoparticles Deposited on Textile Fabrics
Get PDFBackground: According to the recent studies, the antibacterial activities of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) were studied on Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative Escherichia coli. In this study antibacterial effect of silver nanoparticles that used for coating textiles, on E.coli and S.aureus was investigated.Methods: Silver nanoparticles were coated on textile fabric by corona treatment and the antibacterial properties of fabrics were quantitatively evaluated by using a Gram-positive bacterium S. aureus and Gram-negative bacterium E. coli.Results: The textiles coated with silver nanoparticles had favorable antimicrobial effect against both E. coli and S. aureus. The value of antibacterial activity was appropriated with corona power and deposition that was used for absorption of Silver nanoparticle on samples.Conclusions: These results suggest that silver nanoparticles could be used as an effective antibacterial material.
The Association between Obesity and Quality of Life among the Elderly
Get PDFBackground: The prevalence of obesity in the elderly is increasing worldwide. Obesity greatly impacts quality of life(QoL). The present study aimed to investigate the association between obesity and QoL among the elderly, in Tehran, Iran.Methods: This cross-sectional study (observational) was conducted in 2014 in Tehran, Iran. A total of 421 elderly people aged ≥ 60 years old were recruited using simple random sampling methods. Height, weight, and waist circumference were measured by standard methods; body mass index (BMI) was calculated from height and weight. QoL was evaluated by the Persian language version of the SF-36 questionnaire.The alpha value was set at 0.05 to indicate the statistical significant level. Independent samples t-tests and Chi-square tests were used for comparing the quantitative and categorical variables, respectively. One-way ANOVA, followed by Tukeys’ post-hoc test, was used to compare mean scores of SF-36 scales between BMI groups. Pearson correlation coefficients were used for investigating the relationship between SF-36 scores and anthropometric parameters.Results: The mean age of participants was 77.6 ± 8.6 years. The frequency of obesity and overweight (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) was 59.4% (57.2% in males and 60.6% in females). Except for the mental health scale, for all other SF-36 scale mean scores, participants with overweight or obesity had lower scores compared to their normal weight counterparts (p < 0.05). Additionally, subjects with underweight had significantly lower scores for the vitality scale (p < 0.05).Conclusions: The results of present study persist on importance of preserving normal weight on improving quality of life in elderly. Although the observed association in this study was bidirectional and prospective studies are needed to investigate the cause and effect relationship.
Outcomes and Risk Factors Associated with Burn Injuries in Children
Get PDFBackground: Burn injuries and their complications are still considered major threats to society’s health standards. The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiological profile, outcome, and factors associated with children’s burn injuries in Shahroud (northeastern Iran). Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed over a three-year period (2013–2015) on children 12 years and under who were admitted to Imam Hossein Hospital in Shahroud with burn injuries. In this study, we reviewed medical records of hospitalized burn patients, and an analysis was performed using SPSS software. Results: Of the 195 patients, 111 cases (56.9%) were male and the rest were female. The mean age was 6.34 ± 5.32 years (0–12 years). The highest proportion of burn injuries were in the 5- to 8-year-old group (47.2%), and the most common environment in which burn injuries occurred was the home (72.3%). The most common cause of burns was a hot liquid (56.9%). The mean TBSA was 20.11 ± 10.5% and the mean LHS was 9.81 ± 3.85 days. The most frequent burn areas were the upper limbs (46.6%), and second-degree burns were the most common type (48.2%). The mortality rate was 10.8%.Conclusions: The results of this study show that burn injuries in the pediatric population most commonly occur at home from a hot liquid, resulting in second-degree burns on upper-limb areas. So a large percentage of them are preventable with a little attention
Effect of Different Activation Mechanism of T Cells on Immunoregulatory Properties of Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Get PDFBackground: Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSC) have ability to regulate immune response via proinflamatory cytokines. In this study we aimed to investigate the effect of different mechanism for T cell activation and adjacency on immunoregulatory properties of MSC.Methods: Bone marrow MSCs were purchased and T cells were obtained from whole blood sample. T cells were activated by two different mechanisms using Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell (PBMC) and phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and then co-cultured with MSC using transwell cultures (Indirect contact) and usual plate (Direct contact). After 96 hours TGF-b concentration in culture medium and indole amine 2, 3-dioxygenase (IDO) activity in cell lysate were assayed. We used ANOVA and T-test for statistical analysis and 0.05 was considered as significant level.Results: Our result showed a significant increase of TGF-b secretion and IDO activity. Increase in mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) groups was more significant than lymphocyte transformation test (LTT) in compare with control.Conclusions: The present study confirmed immunoregulatory effect of BM-MSC. Also this study showed that MLC of BM-MSCs and T cells have more immunoregulatory effects than LTT.
Cloning and expression of human vasohibin1 gene in E. coli
Get PDFBackground: Angiogenesis is an important process in various physiologic and pathologic states. The most significant stimulator of angiogenesis is vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). In contrast, vasohibin1 acts as an angiogenesis inhibitor which specifically inhibits new vessels formation. The aim of the present study was cloning and expression of vasohibin1 gene in E. coli as well as purification of recombinant vasohibin1 protein. Methods: Total RNA was extracted from human umbilical vein endothelial cells and cDNA was synthesized by RT-PCR. cDNA was amplified using a specific designed primer set. The PCR product was evaluated by electrophoresis and then cloned in pET28a expression vector which transformed into E.coli BL21 (DE3) as a host. IPTG is used as an expression inducer in media. Alternatively, PCR products were analyzed by sequencing and double digestion with EcoRI and HindIII restriction endonuclease. The expressed protein was purified by Ni-NTA column and confirmed by SDS Page and western blotting. Evaluation of gene inhibition was carried out through western blottting and RT-PCR. Results: No mutation or sequence variants were found in PCR products as a result of sequencing analysis. Moreover, the quantity and quality of expressed recombinant protein in the presence of IPTG with selected vector in E. coli was approximately high. VASH1 significantly prevented the receptor expression. The quality and level of expressed protein in pET28 expression vector indicated the efficacy of the applied system in vasohibin1 production. Conclusions: The produced vasohibin1 protein probably can be used as an angiogenesis inhibitor in further studies on retinopathies
Hyperglycemia Induction in HepG2 Cell Line
Get PDFBackground: Hyperglycemia is one of the important featurs of diabetes. In cell culture studies different methods are used to mimic the hyperglycemia condition. In this study we investigate response of human liver cancer cell line (HepG2) to high insulin, high glucose, and high insulin/ high glucose medium exposure.Methods: HepG2 cells were settled in DMEM+0.1% FBS or DMEM free-serum medium with high concentrations of d-glucose (30 mm) and/or insulin (1μM) for 24h after an overnight starving in serum- free medium. The level of hyperglycemia was estimated in the supernatants via GOD-POD method.Results: Serum-free madium with high insulin/ high glucose consentration made the higher level of hypreglycemia in HepG2 cells.Conclusions: Our study interduced high insulin/ high glucose treatment as the best way to induction hyperglycemia.
Enhancing Blood Donation Intentions Using the Train-the-Trainer ( TTT ) Model: A Field Trial Study
Get PDFBackground: In Iran, despite various attempts to increase recruitment of female blood donors, women make up less than 10% of blood donors.Methods: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of face-toface education via the Train-the-Trainer (TTT) model on people’s willingness to donate blood, especially women. A field trial study was designed based on a face-to-face educational plan for a population in 22 municipal regions of Tehran, the capital of Iran. The periods from March 2011 to February 2011 and from March 2010 to February 2010 were named as trial 2 and trial 1, respectively.Results: Total number of volunteers in trial 2 was 9,178 cases, including 2,785 females and 6,393 males, compared with 4,074 cases, including 454 females and 3,620 males, in trial 1. Female/male ratios in trials 1 and 2 were 0.13 and 0.44, respectively (p<0.001). Deferred donors made up 24% (981/4074) of 4,074 in trial 1, and of the 9,178 donors in trial 2, 29% (2693/9178) were deferred (p<0.001). The most common cause in trial 1 was erythrocytosis, 20%, and in trial 2 was anemia, 21.5%.Conclusions: Overall, face-to-face education is an appropriate method for enhancing safe blood donor motivation and recruitment
Detection and estimation of Platelet- derived MicroParticles Quantity during Storage Time
Get PDFBackground: Platelet MPs are produced automatically during platelet storage. Their size is about 0.1 – 1 µm and have ability for sub- endothelium adhering, strengthen of platelet aggregation and also platelet pre- coagulation. In fact, the release of membrane particles helps to signal to the neighbor cells or to seclude target cells from apoptosis. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of time passing on platelet MPs production.Methods: In this experimental study, 12 units of PC from healthy donors were obtained. Sampling was done at 2, 3, 5 and 7 days after storage. After separating of MPs, they were prepared for flow cytometery analyses by anti- CD41a FITC and assessed their concentration through Bradford methods. Paired sample T-test and ANOVA were used to compare the results and investigate the probable significant differences of this experiment.Results: There was no significant difference in platelet MPs concentration between PC stored in day 2 and 3. (P> 0.05) On the other hand, we could claim significant differences in platelet MPs concentration between PC stored in day 3 and day 5 and also between day 5 and day 7. (P< 0.05)Conclusions: We showed that the production or releasing of platelet MPs were considerable by passing time. Also by increasing of storage time, platelet component included more MPs which were able to signal and produce interaction with other cells in patient receiving bodies. As a result, it was possible to interfere in their immune responses, inflammatory or coagulation processes after transfusio