International Journal of Health Studies (IJHS - Shahroud University of Medical Sciences)
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Protective Effects of Hydroxytyrosol on Renal Ischemia-reperfusion Injury in Mice
Get PDFBackground: Renal ischemia reperfusion (IR), one of the most important causative mechanisms of acute kidney injury, is a major clinical problem that occurs in some hospitalized patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of hydroxytyrosol (HT) on renal ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice.Methods: Male mice were randomly assigned to three groups (N = 9): (1) sham operated, (2) renal IR (45 min ischemia followed by 24 h reperfusion), or (3) renal IR+HT (5 mg/kg orally for 7 days before renal IR and one hour before IR). Animals were sacrificed and the blood and kidney tissue samples were collected for glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) evaluation.Results: Renal IR injury led to decreases in renal tissue GSH and increases in MDA levels compared to sham operated. Hydroxytyrosol partially inhibited the IR-induced decrease in GSH activity. In addition, in the renal IR+HT group, MDA was increased compared to the renal IR group.Conclusions: These findings suggest that HT diminished oxidative stress in renal tissue after renal IR
Production of Hydroxyl Free Radical, the Main Mechanism for Removing Steroid Hormones by Ultrasound
Get PDFBackground: One of the new methods for elimination or destruction of estrogen hormones is ultrasound irradiation. The aim of this study was to determine the main mechanism of steroid hormones removal by ultrasound.Methods: In this study, estrogen (E1) and 17 beta-estradiol (E2) were irradiated with ultrasound at different frequencies, powers, and exposure times in two cases: with and without butyl alcohol in a batch-mode cylindrical reactor made of Plexiglas in the amount of one liter. Residual concentrations of hormones were measured by solid phase extraction and gas chromatography-mass chromatography (GC-MS).Results: The result showed that ultrasound has high ability to remove hormones E1 and E2 (between 56.3% and 79.2%). Also, after adding butyl alcohol which is a free radical scavenger, the removal efficiency of ultrasound in both hormones was greatly reduced but didn’t reach to zero, so the main mechanism of hormones removal was hydroxyl free radical production.Conclusions: Due to the high efficiency of ultrasound for the removal as well as defects in other removal methods, more studies about optimization of the effective parameters on it, and technical and economical comparison with other removal methods are needed
Multidimensional Fatigue Syndrome and Dialysis Adequacy among Elderly Patients under Hemodialysis Treatment
Get PDFBackground: Multidimensional fatigue syndrome (MFS) is referred to as extreme inability accompanied by decline in physical functional capacity and impairment of intellectual function, such as loss of concentration. Elderly people are more prone to MFS comparing to other age groups. It is expected that adequacy of dialysis affect the process of MFS among patients under dialysis. The purpose of the study is to assess MFS and its association to adequacy of dialysis among dialysis patients.Methods: This cross-sectional study is conducted on patients under dialysis aged 50 years and above. Convenience sampling was used to collect the data. The main instrument of the study was Multidimensional Fatigue Symptom Inventory- Short Form (MFSI-SF). To assess subjects’ mental status Mini Mental Status Exam (MMSE) was applied. Subjects with MMSE greater than 18 were included in the study.Results: The participants’ range of age were 50 to 81 and the mean age of them were 62 years old. According to the findings of this study, of 43 eligible participants, 33 patients (76.7%) were suffering from different level of MFS. Moreover, adequacy of dialysis among dialysis patients were favorably high in 10 patients (23.2%), moderate in 24 patients (55.8%) and low in 9 patients (21%). Multiple regression showed that MFS (P=0.01) and anemia (P=0.04) were significantly associated with adequacy of hemodialysis among elderly patients. Conclusions: This study is in line with hypothesis of the study that adequacy of hemodialysis reduces MFS among elderly patients under hemodialysis. It is highly recommended that adequacy of hemodialysis and Hb level should be under close monitoring to overcome MFS among senior citizens under hemodialysis treatment
The Effects of Water Ozonation on Disinfection by-Product Formation
Get PDFBackground: The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of water ozonation on disinfection by-product formation.Methods: Experiments were carried out on samples taken from Tajan River, Mazandaran province, Iran. Samples of the pre-filtered raw water and from the 3.5-L water tank reservoir (WT) were analyzed for UV-254 absorbance, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), HS and non-HS, chlorine residual, Simulated Distributed System Total Trihalomethanes (SDS TTHMs) and SDS halo acetic acids (SDS HAAs). The gaseous ozone concentration was varied between 1.5 and 10 g/m3.Results: The study showed that use of the ozonation treatment system resulted in significant improvement in water quality compared to the filtered raw water and the levels of DOC, moreover UV absorbing compounds, SDS TTHMs and SDS HAAs were reduced.Conclusions: Ozonation treatment system can be used instead of other disinfection systems such as chlorination which have potential of Disinfection By-Products (DBPs) formation
Impact of Sperm Cryopreservation on Semen Parameters in Asthenozoospermic Men
Get PDFBackground: Human sperm cryopreservation has proven to be very valuable. Cryopreservation has effects on function, morphology and percentage of fertilization capacity of human sperm. Also, it has been revealed that cryopreservation has a role in sperm DNA fragmentation and infertility. In this study, viability, motility, DNA fragmentation and for the first time, intracellular nitric oxide assessed before and after cryopreservation process of human semen samples in asthenozoospermic men.Methods: Semen samples were collected from 50 asthenozoosprmic men and divided into2 groups: 25 fresh semen samples as a control group, 25 frozen–thawed semen samples. Viability was assessed by eosin-negrosin staining. Motility was evaluated with a phase contrast microscope and intracellular nitric oxide was measured by flowcytometry. For evaluation of DNA fragmentation in sperm, apoptosis was assessed by flowcytometry.Results: cryopreservation of asthenozoospermic semen samples decreased sperm viability and motility and increased the intracellular nitric oxide concentration and DNA damage significantly (p<0.001). Conclusions: cryopreservation process has detrimental effects on viability and motility, intracellular nitric oxide concentration and DNA integrity in human semen samples.
Reliability and Validity of the Persian Version of the World Health Organization-Five Well-Being Index
Get PDFBackground: A multidimensional approach to health which addresses the psychological features of health justifies the necessity of designing or validation of brief instruments for screening in general population. This study aims to evaluate the reliability and validity of the Persian version of the WHO-5-P as a brief scale of well-being.Methods: In this study 451 individuals, i.e., over-15-year old subjects completed the WHO-5-P and GHQ-28 questionnaires. Crombach’s alpha and factor analysis were used for internal consistency evaluation. For predictive validity we compared WHO-5-P with GHQ-28 scores using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis.Results: The mean age, score of WHO-5-P and GHQ-28 were 32.3±11.5, 13.4±6.5, and 25.4±13.4 respectively. The WHO-5-P had an acceptable internal consistency (α= 0.94), and it showed adequate convergent validity with the GHQ-28 (r= -0.66; P<0.001). The optimal cut-off score of the WHO-5-P was <13 (12.13) with a sensitivity of 0.68 and a specificity of 0.85. The area under curve in this study was 0.82. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed one factor structure.Conclusions: WHO-5-P is a valid and reliable instrument for screening psychological state
Antibacterial and Anti-Adherent Activity of Great Mullein (Verbascum Thapsus L.) Ethanolic Extract on in Vitro Biofilm Formation of Three Oral Streptococci
Get PDFBackground: Verbascum thapsus (VT) is a medicinal plant that chemical constituents of it revealed the presence of biologically active compounds with antibacterial properties. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antimicrobial and anti-adherent activities of ethanol extract of (VT) against of three oral streptococci in vitro.Methods: In this study, biofilm formation of S. mutans 1683ATCC35.668, S. sanguinis 1449CIP53.15 and S. salivarius 1448CIP55.128 with ethanol extract of VT was tested using Micro-dilution assay and microtitre plate assay.Results: Results showed that the biofilm formation of three oral streptococci with ethanol extract (leaves and root) of VT wassignificantly lower than that of the control group without ethanol extract of VT. Meanwhile, the reduction degree was correlated to the concentration of ethanol extract of VT positively.Conclusions: These results suggest that antimicrobial activity of ethanol extract of VT against three oral streptococci. VT extracts have inhibitory effects on biofilm formation of oral streptococci as the reduction of bacterial growth and reduction of biofilm formationability
The Acute Inflammatory Response Induced by Fe2Nio4 Nanoparticles: In Vivo Evaluation
Get PDFBackground: Despite the ever-increasing beneficial applications of magnetic nanoparticles in biological systems, few studies have been carried out on the combined effects of nanoparticles (Fe and Ni) on human health. In the present study the effects of Fe2NiO4 nanoparticle on inflammatory factors were assessed. Methods: Twenty-four Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: two groups were treated with Fe2NiO4 nanoparticle; (2,3) and the third group was taken as the control group (1). Group 2 and 3 received 0.5ml of solution containing 100 and 200 ppm Fe2NiO4 for 7 successive days, respectively. Inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 and Tumor necrosis factorα (TNFα) were measured at various time points (1, 2, 7 and 14 days) by ELISA kits. After 14 days, lung tissue was investigated. Results: On day 7, IL-6 concentration significantly increased in-group2. Also during the 14 days, IL-6 concentration significantly increased in groups1and2 in comparison with control group. The concentration of TNFα on 7th day significantly increased in groups 2 and 3 and on day 14th, TNFα concentration significantly increased in groups 2 and 3compared to control group. There were no pathological changes between the control group and group 2 but in-group3, signals of fibrous and thickening of the air sacs were observed. Conclusions: In the present study we found that inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNFα) increased in the groups treated with Fe2NiO4 and high dose of this nanoparticles caused drastic changes in lung tissue
Differential Expression of CD16 and CD56 on Natural Killer (NK) Cell Subsets in Multiple Sclerosis and Neuromyelitis Optica
Get PDFBackground: Multiple sclerosis (MS) and Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) are inflammatory and demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system (CNS). NK cells are supposed to play an important role in the pathophysiology of MS, but their role in the NMO remains unknown. The aim of this study was to compare the prevalence of different subpopulations of NK cells in the patients with MS and NMO and healthy individuals.
Methods: Treatment Naive MS and NMO patients, age, and sex matched controls were included in this study. PBMCs were isolated from peripheral blood and different phenotypes of circulating NK cells were compared with the flow cytometry analysis.
Results: There were no significant differences in the mean percentages of circulating NK cells expressing the CD56 bright molecule in patients with MS and NMO. However, the mean percentages of circulating NK cells expressing the CD56bright molecule were significantly lower in all patients groups, compared to controls. In addition, the mean percentages of circulating NK cells expressing the CD16dim molecule was significantly higher in the patients with MS, compared to controls/any other groups. The mean percentages of circulating NK cells expressing the CD56dim molecule were significantly higher in the patients with MS than the controls. There were significant differences in the mean percentages of circulating NK cells expressing the CD16bright molecule between the patients with MS, and NMO/controls.
Conclusions: The results indicate that evaluation of NK cell subsets has an implication for the biomarker discovery and therapeutic targets in given diseases
A Novel Culture Chamber Design and Cell Biomaterial Sheet Engineering for Reconstruction of Cartilage Tissue
Get PDFBackground: In recent years tissue engineering developed to replace or repair damaged tissues using cell and biomaterial. One of the most important fields of tissue engineering is simulation of in vivo micro environment of body tissues. This study aimed to develop culture chamber and cell biomaterial sheet engineering for the reconstruction of cartilage tissue.Methods: Stainless steel culture chamber was designed with mechanical factor affecting cartilage. Shear exerted on the wall of the chamber was predicted with computational fluid dynamic modeling with Fluent. The meshes were created with Gambit software.After isolation of chondrocytes from cartilage, cells mixed with natural biomaterial and hydrogel tissue construct cultured in chamber. Sections of resulted cell-biomaterial construct were examined with histological methods.Results: The designed chamber mimicked synovial joint with perfusion flow. Maximum wall shear was predicted with fluent was 2.407× 10-3 Pa. Chondrocyte-scaffold was created as a thin sheet. Histological examination of chondrocyte biomaterial revealed morphology of native cartilage tissue with round cluster chondrocyte profile. Isogenic group of constract proliferated and expanded.Conclusions: According to simulation of in vivo environment of natural cartilage joint and simplification of tissue constructs production from chondrocyte and hydrogel scaffold, the novel strategy described here has great advantages to the improvement of cartilage tissue engineering