International Journal of Health Studies (IJHS - Shahroud University of Medical Sciences)
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Effect of Thymus Vulgaris Ethanol Extract, on Serum Total Antioxidant in Experimental Induced Poly Cystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOs) Rats
Get PDFBackground: Poly cystic ovary syndrome is one of the most common female endocrine disorders. One of the side effects of PCOS is oxidative stress.. Here we investigated antioxidants effects of Thymus vulgaris ethanoli extract on experimental PCOS induced rats by estradiol-valerat (PPA).Methods: Wistar female rat (n=70) were divided into 7 groups including C1: an equal volume of (0.9% NaCl) as placebo; C2: extract (0.6cc/rat/orally/daily); C3: induced PCO by single injection of estradiol-valerate (4mg/rat/IM), and T1: PCOS induced rats + an equal volume of (0.9% NaCl) as placebo, T2: PCOS induced rats + extract(0.2cc/rat/orally/daily), T3: PCOS induced rats + extract (0.4cc/rat/orally/daily), T4:PCOS induced rats+extract (0.4cc/rat/orally/daily) test groups, were received extract supplement, for 60 consequence days. Animals were kept in standard conditions. In last day of study the blood samples of rats in whole groups were obtained and prepared to biochemical analysis.Results: Total antioxidant capacity level, superoxide dismutase and catalase activity were significantly increased in PCOS treated groups (P<0.03), these parameters in PCOS groups that did not receive extract significantly decreased (P<0.05) in comparison to control. Level of MDA in PCOS groups were significantly increased as compared to control and extract treated groups (P<0.01).Conclusions: Our results disclosed that administration of Thymus vulgaris ethanol extract significantly restitution tissue antioxidants level in PCOS induced rats.
Outpatient and Hospitalization in Cataract Surgery: Iranian Cataract Surgery Survey
Get PDFBackground: To determine the prevalence of outpatient and hospitalization for cataract surgery in Iran.Methods: A random cluster sampling was done in a cross-sectional study on cataract surgeries performed in treatment centers of ophthalmology in Iran between 2000 and 2005. One week of each season was selected randomly and all cataract surgery files of the center were studied. This study reported the prevalence of outpatient surgery and length of hospital stay in all surgeries in Iran between 2000 and 2005.Results: Among 13,409 studied files on cataract surgery, mean hospitalization time was 0.79±0.82 days, 31.42% of surgeries were done on an outpatient basis, and 62.32% were hospitalized for one night. About 4.45% and 1.81% were hospitalized for two nights and more, respectively. Hospitalization time after surgery showed no significant difference with sex. Also, There was no significant difference between mean age of inpatients and outpatients (P=0.08). The most common method used for surgeries was Phaco (52.33%) and the least was lensectomy (11.38%).Conclusions: A major proportion of cataract surgeries required hospitalization. Due to the costs of hospitalization in this surgery, the phaco method can play an important role in reducing the costs of treatment.
The Effect of Metformin on the Expression of Caspase 3 , 8, 9 and PARP-1 in Human Breast Cancer Cell Line T47D
Get PDFBackground: Metformin is used to lower blood sugar in patients with type II diabetes. Recent research showed that metformin has effects on cancer cell growth. Studies show that metformin can induce apoptosis in certain cancer cell lines. In this study, we examined the effect of metformin on apoptosis in the T47D breast cancer cell line.Methods: The T47D breast cancer cell line was selected and purchased from the Pasteur Institute (Tehran, Iran). Cells were treated with doses of 5, 10, and 50 μM of metformin at 24, 48, and 72 hours. The transcription levels of genes involved in apoptosis, including caspase-3, -8, -9, and PARP-1, were evaluated by real-time PCR.Results: The results of this study showed that at all three doses (5, 10, and 50 μM) of metformin and at three times (24, 48, and 72 h), the expression of caspase-8 and caspase-9 were increased. Also, at all doses metformin increased the expression of PARP-1 at 48 and 72 hours, but at 24 hours the expression of PARP-1 was not affected.Conclusions: These results indicate that metformin does not affect expression of caspase-3 at any dose or time point. This study showed that metformin, by increasing the transcription of caspase-8 and caspase-9, causes cell death through apoptosis
Secular Trend of Birth Height and Weight in a Population of Iranian Neonates during 1991 and 2011
Get PDFBackground: The secular trend in growth is a well-documented and recurrent phenomenon in many developed and developing countries. In this study, we examined the secular trends in birth length and weight among Iranian neonates.Methods: This cross-sectional population-based survey was conducted between 1991 and 2011. Using a two-stage stratified cluster sampling, the birth weights and heights of neonates born in Shahroud, Iran were studied using health records from different households. The mean birth weights and heights for neonates were calculated every year. Secular trends were analyzed using linear regression models and joinpoint regression.Results: A random sample of 11,165 neonates was evaluated, and the mean birth weight of neonates during the investigation period was calculated. The mean birth weight changed from 3232.1±444.1 g in 1991 to 3204.1±436.9 g in 2011, and the mean birth height changed from 49.5±2.2 cm to 49.3±1.9 cm. The mean birth weights and heights between 1991 and 2011 were not significantly different; however, the birth weight increased by 6.75 g annually between 2000 and 2011 (P < 0.021), and the mean birth height increased by 0.03 cm annually between 2003–2011 and 1991–2003 (P = 0.009).Conclusions: The mean birth height and weight of neonates in Shahroud did not change significantly from 1991 to 2011; however, we found a significant improvement after 2000
Levels of PM10, PM2.5 and PM1 and Impacts of Meteorological Factors on Particle Matter Concentrations in Dust Events and non Dusty Days
Get PDFBackground: The aim of study was to measure particle matter concentration (PM1, PM2.5 and PM10) during normal, semi-dust and dust-event days. The impacts of some meteorological factors on particle matter concentrations were also investigated.Methods: Samples were collected by Grimm aerosol technik (GmbH model 1/108 Germany) from November 2011 to May 2012. Temperature, humidity, wind speed and UV index were obtaind from the website (www.Weather.ir).Results: The concentration of particulate matter PM1, PM2.5, PM10 in dust event days was 10, 6 and 2 times higher than normal days, respectively. The highest concentration of particle matter was February in winter. There was significant relationship between the particulate matter concentration with temperature and wind speed (P<0.05).Conclusions: The concentration of particulate matter affected by traffic, crowded, humidity and temperature. These factors increased particulate matter concentration specially when was with inversion.
Randomized Controlled Trial of a Peer Based Intervention on Cardiac Self-efficacy in Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery: a 3-year Follow-up Results
Get PDFBackground: Self-efficacy is one\u27s belief in ability to succeed in specific situations and considerable factor to maintaining healthy behaviors. It has an important role in person-centred care and significantly improves after effects of heart attacks. This study aimed to investigate the effects of a peer based intervention on cardiac self-efficacy of the patients after bypass surgery.Methods: In this clinical trial study, 60 patients Undergoing bypass surgery were chosen and assigned equally into the control and intervention groups. The patients were assigned into two groups by block randomization. While routine education was presented to the patients in the control group, intervention group were taught using the peer education in two sessions. Cardiac self-efficacy of all the selected patients was assessed orderly in 36-month (3 years) follow-up after surgery. Inclusion criteria used to choose the suitable patients were as the following: no record of CABG surgery, understanding and talking Persian language, willingness to participate in the research, age between 40 and 70 years, no dementia, confusion, mental and psychological problems which might hinder their participation. In addition, exclusion criteria in this study were patient’s death, serious physical problems after CABG surgery, emergency and unexpected surgeries, or cancellation the CABG surgery due to patient’s situation. Data was collected using cardiac self-efficacy scale and analyzed using chi-square, independent t-test and Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests. Results: The patients in both groups were homogenous in terms of demographic data. The mean score of cardiac self-efficacy in the intervention group was significantly different from control group in 3- year follow-up after surgery (P<0.038).Conclusions: Based on this study, accomplishment of peer based intervention can be a beneficial educative-supportive approach in cardiac surgery fields.
Sunflower Waste Biomass as an Remarkable Adsorbent for Removal Heavy Metals from Aqueous Solution
No full textBackground: Today, through various industrial processes, toxic heavy metals are released into aquatic environments that are harmful to the ecosystem. In the present investigation, removal of such contaminants from industrial wastewater is necessary. The purpose was made to extend an ecofriendly technology by using a bio carbon generated from sunflower waste biomass.Methods: The impact of initial pH of solution (2–10), initial heavy metal concentration, and bio carbon dose on the adsorption processes was studied. The residual concentration of samples, Cr(III), Cd(II) and Pb(II) after adding adsorbent and then filteration was determined using atomic absorption spectroscopy.Results: The equilibrium data were found to be well described by the Langmuire model. The Langmuire isotherm feasibility was checked with the dimensionless separation factor (RL).Conclusions: The introduction of a new adsorbent represents a great challenge for both academia and industry, and among all of the methods for removal contamination, we choose adsorption processes. Overall, the work demonstrates the possible use of sunflower waste biomass, as an effective adsorbent for the removal of heavy metals from wastewater
Evaluation of the Hypophysial-testicular Axis and Testis Tissues after Matricaria Chamomilla Consumption in Rats
Get PDFBackground: Matricaria chamomilla is an ancient herbal drug widely consumed to sexual system improvement. The aim of this research was to study the effect of Matricaria chamomilla hydroalcholic extract on the pituitary-testis axis and testes tissues of male rats.Methods: Mature male rats were randomly assigned to two groups: the Matricaria group (100 mg/kg of Matricaria chamomilla extract via feeding tube once daily for 8 weeks) and the control group (1 ml of distilled water orally for the same period). After 8 weeks, animal were evaluated for blood levels of testosterone, estrogen, FSH, and LH. Fertility indices like sperm count and the weight of the reproductive organs were assayed. In addition, testes histological assessments were done.Results: Consumption of Matricaria caused elevation in blood testosterone, FSH an LH. Spermatogonia, Spermatocyte, Spermatid, Spermatozoa, Leydig and Epididymal spermatozoa reserve count and reproductive organs weight were increased too.Conclusions: These findings suggest that Matricaria chamomilla extract improve pituitary-testis axis and spermatogenesis in rats.
Women\u27s Blood Donation: A Qualitative Study Exploring the Reasons for Non-Donation of Blood among Female Staff at Tehran Blood Transfusion Center
Get PDFBackground: The blood donation proportion of women to men is 1 to 9 in Iran. Lack of time, fear of needling and difficult access to donation sites were main reasons for not donating blood in previous studies. The aim of this study was to assess barriers of blood donation by women working in Tehran blood transfusion center.Methods: To achieve the aim of this study we designed a qualitative research. The study population came from female personnel in Tehran Blood Transfusion Center (TBTC) they were recruited by qualitative purposeful sampling with no history of blood donation. Results: Twenty-seven female personnel of TBTC aged 21-55 years old were entered to two focus group discussions. In the focus group discussion, knowledge of participants about the needs and importance of blood donation and donor acceptance criteria was desirable. There were common fears and beliefs about blood donation, similar to the results of previous study in general female population, including weakness, concerns of having or developing anemia, fear of needling, being in reproductive age, menstruation cycle, pregnancy and childbearing stage. Some of participants believed that working in TBTC, especially in technical units, acts as a deterrent For few females who worked in TBTC, concern of a positive test result either true or false was another cause of not blood donation. A few donors mentioned that derived plasma from female bloods was not used and also some others experienced complicated blood donation in clients. So they did not attempt to donate blood.Conclusions: At first, it seemed that female staff working in TBTC might have different perceptions about blood donation because of greater awareness than women in the general community. However the results of this study showed that reasons of not donating blood in this group of women was not different from females in the general population
The Use of Artificial Neural Network (ANN) for Modeling of Ammonia Nitrogen Removal from Landfill Leachate by the Ultrasonic Process
Get PDFBackground: The study examined the implementation of artificial neural network (ANN) for the prediction of Ammonia nitrogen removal from landfill leachate by ultrasonic process.Methods: A three-layer backpropagation neural network was optimized to predict Ammonia nitrogen removal from landfill leachate by ultrasonic process. Considering the smallest mean square error (MSE), The configuration of the backpropagation neural network was three-layer ANN with tangent sigmoid transfer function (Tansig) at hidden layer with 14 neurons, linear transfer function (Purelin) at output layer and Levenberg–Marquardt backpropagation training algorithm (LMA).Results: ANN predicted results were very close to the experimental results with correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.993 and MSE 0.000334. The sensitivity analysis showed that all studied variables (Contact time, ultrasound frequency and power and pH) had strong effect on Ammonia nitrogen removal. In addition, pH was the most influential parameter with relative importance of 44.9%.Conclusions: The results showed that neural network modeling could effectively predict Ammonia nitrogen removal from landfill leachate by ultrasonic process