International Journal of Health Studies (IJHS - Shahroud University of Medical Sciences)
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Prevalence of Female Sexual Dysfunction in Iran: A Meta-Analysis Study
Get PDFBackground: Sexual dysfunction in women is very common and it affects physical and mental health. Several studies have been conducted in Iran in order to investigate the prevalence of female sexual dysfunction. However, there is a remarkable diversity among the results. This meta-analysis was conducted to estimate the overall prevalence of female sexual dysfunction in Iran.Methods: International and national electronic databases were searched up to June 2016, which included MEDLINE, Science Citation Index Expanded, Scopus, ISI, Google Scholar, IranDoc, SID, MagIran, and IranMedex, as well as conference databases. Furthermore, reference lists of articles were screened and the studies’ authors were contacted for additional references. Cross-sectional studies addressing the prevalence of female sexual dysfunction were included in this meta- analysis.Results: We assessed eight separate studies involving 5,778 participants overall, of which 2,335 had sexual dysfunction. Overall prevalence rate of female sexual dysfunction was 0.48 (0.38, 0.59).Conclusions: Various prevalences of sexual dysfunction have been reported in different studies. Furthermore, despite many studies conducted addressing the prevalence of female sexual dysfunction, there is however a remarkable diversity between the results. Thus one can hardly give a precise estimation of the prevalence rate of female sexual dysfunction in Iran at the moment
Factors Affecting Development of Medical Tourism Industry in West Azerbaijan Province of Iran
Get PDFBackground: The market of medical tourism is considered as a revenue and competitive industry throughout the world, it is also regarded as a novel field of the advanced tourism. Therefore, most of the developing countries have focused on the medical tourism industry and they are planning for implementing it. In 2016, the present research was conducted with the main objective of designing a model for medical tourism development in West Azerbaijan province of Iran.Methods: This study is a cross-sectional study. The statistical population consisted of 40 interviewees who were selected via targeted sampling. The scholar-made questionnaire and studies of the Ricafort and Kazemi were employed as the tools of collecting data. The PLS software was utilized for analyzing data.Results: The results showed that two main factors, including hospital selection with an impact factor of 0.143 and West Azerbaijan province selection with impact factor of 0.466 had both direct and significant impact on development of medical tourism. The impact factor of all approaches on development of medical tourism was obtained positive and significant (P≤0.001).Conclusions: For development of medical tourism industry in West Azerbaijan province, attention to elements such as the appropriate conditions to attract medical tourism, according to political, legal, and regional economic development is effective
Effectiveness of Multi-Faceted Training Focused on Spiritual Parenting to Mothers on Promoting Spirituality of Overweight Children
Get PDFBackground: Growing evidences show that the successful treatment of pediatric obesity requires consideration not only of medical issues but also of psychological and social environmental and familial factors. Special emphasis is given to the psychological and spiritual aspects of pediatric obesity in the context of a holistic perspective. In this regard this study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of multi-faceted training focused on spiritual parenting to mothers on promoting spirituality of overweight children.Methods: In this study, 48 volunteer (24 boy students and 24 their mothers) eligible to exclude-include criteria were selected and randomly assigned into two experimental and control groups. An orientation session was held to explain the research goals and intervention. The experimental group trained, 90 minutes sessions weekly for 3 months (10 sessions), but control group did not receive any intervention. Prior to and after Training, all participant completed demographic information questionnaire and then children completed religiosity and spirituality scale for youth (rassy) scale and childrens\u27 BMI were measured. Data analysis with 22th version of SPSS was done.Results: Data analysis with applying one-way and multivariate analysis of covariance ( ancova and mancova) revealed that Multi-faceted training focused on spiritual parenting could significantly promote the total score and faith-based coping and religious social support/activities but BMI were decreased significantly (P<0.05). Conclusions: The results showed that the multi-faceted training focused on spiritual parenting to mothers leads to promotion of spirituality scores of children with overweight. Also, it seems that the body mass index (BMI) will be reduced. This study demonstrated that spiritual parenting benefits are similar to the dietary restriction and physical activity. And it can cause weight loss and enhance spirituality in children
Prevalence of Short Stature in Four-to-Six-Year-Old Children and Its Influencing Factors in the North East of Iran
Get PDFBackground: Growth pattern in children is one of the most important indicators of public health. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of short stature in children and its influencing factors in Shahroud, northeast of Iran.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 700 four-to-six year-old children were selected in 2015 through stratified random sampling. First, a list of preschools and kindergartens was prepared and samples were selected from 20 kindergartens and preschools. After coordination with parents and obtaining their respective consent, heights and weights of children were measured. Children with short stature were followed up with further diagnostic tests, including hormonal and biochemical tests, and their bone age was determined.Results: In this study, there were 378 (54.2%) girls and 322 (45.8%) boys. The prevalence of short stature was 2.3%. In 74.9% of cases, short stature was due to pathological causes, and in 25.1% it was due to natural and familial factors. The results showed that anemia and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1)-related disorders were the most frequent underlying causes of short stature in children. There were significant relationships between short stature at birth (P=0.001), positive history of mother’s short stature (P=0.004), and children’s physical activity (P=0.029), but no significant relationship was observed between short stature and gender, birth weight, children’s living with parents and family’s economic status (P≥0.05).Conclusions: Birth height, mother’s short stature and physical inactivity are risk factors identified in this study which can influence short stature of four-to-six-year-old children
The Impact of Structure, Process and Output on the Establishment of an Accreditation System in Social Security Hospitals in Tehran
Get PDFBackground: The lack of an evaluation mechanism and effective accreditation for hospitals in addition to increasing healthcare costs jeopardizes the overall health of communities. This study was conducted to identify and prioritize factors affecting the establishment of an accreditation system in social security hospitals in Tehran in 2015.Methods: This is a cross-sectional study and participants consisted of academic experts, hospital chiefs, managers, head nurses and supervisors, and staff of quality improvement in departments of social security in hospitals in Tehran City, Iran. Study samples were of 170 participants. A 5-points Likert scale questionnaire, according to the Donabedian model (structure, process, and output), with 24 items, was used. For data analysis, SPSS software version 22 and Pearson correlation coefficient, one-sample t-test and linear regression were used.Results: Out of 170 participants, 49 (28.8%) were male and 121 (71.2%) were female. T-test results showed that all dimensions had a significant effect on the accreditation system (P<0.05). Also, pearson correlation coefficient results showed that all aspects had a significant correlation with each other (P<0.05). In the regression model, R2 showed that 89.6% of changes of the dependent variable could be predicted.Conclusions: The correct implementation of hospital accreditation requires the specific education for personnel so that they can easily understand the accreditation model and standardized processes that need to be established in the hospital
Investigating the Effects of Anti-hyper Lipidemic Mixture of Garlic, Sour Lemon and Ginger on Lipid Agents of Ratus Norvegicus Alluvia
Get PDFBackground: Cardiovascular disease is the first cause of death in Iran and the world due to the high level of blood lipids associated with it. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of anti-hyper lipidemic mixture of garlic, sour lemon and ginger on the lipid agents of Ratus Norvegicus Alluvia.Methods: This experimental study was performed on 23 specimens of Ratus norvegicus alluvia. They were randomly classified into four groups. For 60 days, two groups received food mixed with market oil, and then for three weeks the treatment groups received a mixture of garlic, sour lemon and ginger by gavage. Data were analyzed with SPSS-16 software. Due to the small sample size and non-linearity of parameters, non-parametric Mann–Whitney U-test was used for comparing groups in pairs. The significance level was set at 0.05.Results: Comparing the control group with the group that received oil showed that injecting lipids was effective and caused significant increase in blood cholesterol level (P=0.006). Comparing two groups that received oil along with their diet, and the group receiving garlic, sour lemon and ginger, the cholesterol level and LDL were significantly lower than in control group (P≤0.008 and 0.008, respectively).Conclusions: The results indicate that a mixture of garlic, sour lemon and ginger can reduce blood lipids in both Ratus with high blood lipids and rats with normal blood lipids
The effect of Mesalazine and Nortriptyline on Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Diarrhea: A Randomized Clinical Trail
Get PDFBackground: The objective of this randomized trial was to compare the effects of mesalazine and nortriptyline on relief of abdominal pain, discomfort, abnormal bowel habits and quality of life in patients with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D). Methods: In this triple blinded, randomized clinical trial, 44 patients with irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea were randomly assigned to receive mesalazine (500 mg tablet orally, twice a day) or nortriptyline (10 mg tablet orally, once daily). IBS-D was diagnosed according to the Rome Ⅲ criteria. Before allocation, all patients completed the Beck questionnaire for screening for depression, and the informed consent form. Results: Change score for abdominal pain severity was significantly higher for mesalazine than for nortriptyline (208.5±80.9 V.s 146.8±105.6) and change score for days with pain was not significantly different between two arms (3.9±2.8 V.s 2.8±3.0). The results show that the change score of satisfaction with bowel habits (56.2±20.2 V.s 37.5±24.9) and quality of life (42.0±26.7 V.s 26.3±18.6) in the mesalazine-treated group is greater than in the nortriptyline group.Conclusions: This study showed that mesalazine, as an anti-inflammatory agent for treatment of IBS-D in patients without psychological disorders, is more effective than nortriptyline
Sulfur Dioxide Preserves Superoxide Dismutase and Catalase Activities in Acute Kidney Injury
Get PDFBackground: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a major clinical problem in situations such as shock, sepsis, and kidney transplantation, and also occurs as a side effect of some drugs. Gentamicin (GM) is an effective antibiotic against severe gram-negative infections. However, it can produce AKI in humans. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been proposed as the causative factor for the renal side effects of GM. This study was performed to investigate the protective role of sulfur dioxide (SO2) against GM-induced acute kidney injury in rats.Methods: Male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to one of the following groups: 1, sham group; 2, GM group (100 mg/kg i.p. for 7 days); and 3, GM+SO2 group (5 μg/kg i.p. for 7 days). On day 8, renal tissues were collected for oxidative stress assessment. To compare the groups, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in renal tissue were measured.Results: GM caused significant acute kidney injury as demonstrated by the increase in BUN and creatinine levels in plasma. The decrease in renal tissue SOD and CAT levels revealed that oxidative stress occurred in the kidney. In the GM+SO2 group, SO2 prevented GM-induced reduction in SOD and CAT levels to some extent.Conclusions: These findings suggest that SO2 partly protects the kidneys from GM-induced nephrotoxicity by its antioxidant effect
Association of an ACE Gene Polymorphism with Cardiovascular Determinants of Physical Performance in Healthy Iranian Men
Get PDFBackground: Physical performance phenotypes are formed by the interaction of genetic and environmental factors, and gene polymorphisms can influence physical and athletic abilities. An ACE gene insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism has been reported to influence physical performance, but its mechanism remains controversial.Methods: The frequency of this polymorphism in 146 healthy Iranian males was determined. Then, the associations between different ACE genotypes with physical performance factors were investigated for 43 of the 146 participants.Results: The frequencies of DD, ID and II genotypes were 38.5%, 41.5%, and 20%, respectively. Although there were no significant associations between the ACE polymorphisms and physical performance factors, the pulse pressure amplification, post-exercise heart rate, and resting heart rate were significantly different between variants with and without the I allele (P=0.02, 0.04, and 0.05, respectively). Furthermore, the ACE polymorphism was a significant predictor of exercise endurance and ventricular function in multivariate analyses (P<0.05).Conclusions: The ACE polymorphism correlated with cardiovascular determinants of physical performance, rather than musculoskeletal factors. Therefore, the ACE I/D polymorphism could not be utilized as a singular genetic biomarker for the assessment of physical performance in the Iranian population. However, a combination of genetic and cardiovascular biomarkers may determine physical performance capacities
Photocatalytic Degradation of 4-Nitro Phenol in Aqueous Solution by the AgInS2 Nanoparticles Synthesized via Microwave Heating Technique
Get PDFBackground: With increasing demands for environmental protection, photocatalysis has attracted great attention, and AgInS2 based photocatalysis are an attractive system to study.Methods: In this work, AgInS2 (AIS) nanoparticles were synthesized via the microwave heating process with the power of 900 W for 5 min, which showed excellent photocatalytic activities upon the degradation of 4-nitro phenol (4-NP) under visible light irradiation.Results: The optimum catalyst showed the removal efficiency up to 97%, of 4-NP with the 15 mg L−1 concentration from the water after 80 min photocatalytic reaction time. The mechanism of photocatalysis was also analyzed. The product was characterized by PXRD, FE-SEM, TEM, and UV-Vis spectroscopy. A scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope revealed the particle morphology, with the average size of 70 nm. Powder X-ray diffraction confirmed that the resultant product is a pure orthorhombic phase of AIS nanoparticles. The band gap energy of 1.96 eV estimated by the diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), exhibited that this product can be prone for photocatalytic activity in the visible region.Conclusions: It is suggested that the AgInS2 nanoparticles developed in our work can provide a new platform for the design of highly efficient photocatalysts under visible light irradiation