International Journal of Health Studies (IJHS - Shahroud University of Medical Sciences)
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Evaluation of the Incidence of Psychiatric Disorders in Dialysis Patients: Cross-Sectional Study
Get PDFBackground: Psychiatric problems are an important concern in chronic illness such as chronic kidney disease. Knowing the frequency of psychiatric disorders may be helpful for improving quality of life in dialysis patients. This study was performed to evaluate psychiatric disorders in patients with chronic renal failure under treatment with dialysis from February 2013 to February 2014 in Shahroud, Iran.Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive comparative study, 98 dialysis patients were enrolled and psychiatric disorders were determined by SCL-90-R questionnaire.Results: The results demonstrated that 33 patients (33.7%) had psychiatric disorders, of which 18 patients had major depressive disorder, six had anxiety disorders, six had psychotic disorders and one case having paranoid thoughts, one patient had obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), and one patient had phobia disorder.Conclusions: Totally, according to the obtained results in this study it may be concluded that nearly one-third of dialysis patients have psychiatric disorders, with most of these being major depressive disorder
Poly-lactic Acid/Gelatin Nanofiber (PLA/GTNF) Conduits Containing Platelet-Rich Plasma for Peripheral Nerve Regeneration
Get PDFBackground: Polymeric scaffolds have achieved immense importance in the field of nerve tissue engineering.Methods: In the present study, the combination of thermally induced phase separation (TIPS) and electrospinning methods were used to fabricate poly- (lactic acid)/gelatin nanofiber/PRP-scaffolds. Several physical and mechanical tests (weight loss measurement, surface wettability, porosity, microstructure observation via SEM photography, mechanical tests such as tensile strength, and Young modulus) and cellular assays (MTT assay and DAPI staining) were explored to assess the scaffolds capability to serve as neural guidance conduit. In this study, we hypothesized that conduits enriched with PRP may provide a better regenerative environment for nerve tissue repair. Results: This study suggests that GTNF/PRP incorporated scaffolds revealed better biological and physical properties than PLA only scaffolds.Conclusions: Results indicate that when GTNF/PRP is incorporated into the PLA scaffolds, resultant mechanical properties, porosity and cell attachment, and viability in vitro were better than pure PLA
The Impact of Cognitive Behavioral Sex Therapy on Decreasing Anxiety and Increasing Sexual Function in People with Vaginismus
Get PDFBackground: The purpose of this study is to investigate the impacts cognitive behavioral sex therapy has on decreasing anxiety and increasing sexual function of people with vaginismus.Methods: The sample for this study was randomly chosen from a population of married women aged 20 to 35 years who were referred to both Farhangian Shahid Abuzari and Vali-Asr Therapeutic Centers in Shahr-e-Ray. Thirty female subjects were chosen and were divided into two groups; experimental group and control group. The pre-test was administered for both groups. The pre-test consisted of the items on Spielberger’s state-trait anxiety inventory (SATI) as well as the items on Rosen et al. (2000) Female Sexual Function Index. Then, the subjects in experimental group were treated with 12 sessions of cognitive behavioral therapy for vaginismus’ sexual dysfunctions. At the end, post-test was administered for both groups.Results: The results of covariance analysis demonstrated that cognitive behavioral therapy for sexual dysfunctions will lower the anxiety and, at the same time, it can also enhance sexual performance of females with vaginismus in the experimental group compared with control (P<0.05). Conclusions: Given the effects of cognitive behavioral therapy on people with vaginismu for improving sexual awareness about sexual function, it is recommended that young couples should be trained as this can help them to sustain their marital life and prevent sexual dysfunction
Sexual Health Promotion Programs in Iran and the World: A Systematic Review
Get PDFBackground: Lack of sexual health promotion programs in adolescents and young people is a significant public health challenge in the field of sexual health. The aim of this study was to understand sexual health promotion programs emphasizing life skills such as decision-making and self-assertiveness, with the target of enhancing sexual well-being and including studies to reduce biological adverse outcomes such as STIs or unwanted pregnancy in Iran and globally.Methods: We conducted a systematic review by searching online data bases with the keywords, sexual health; health program; and Iran, using systematic reviews such as MEDLINE and CINAHL, ISI, Scopus, Google scholar, Pubmed med, Google, Magiran, SID, Science Citation Index Expanded, Iran Medex Web of Science, ProQuest, and Springer protocols with a focus on sexual health promotion programs in Iran and in the world. Studies with the inclusion criteria and which were conducted within the past 15 years on determining and designing sexual health programs in Iran and globally were included. After extracting the articles and conferences, the specifications of documents were entered and classified in the EndNote software and duplicate cases were excluded from the study.Results: Based on the findings from the extracted studies, sexual health can be promoted through programs including sexual abstinence education and comprehensive sexual health education.Conclusions: The problem of education and of the required skills for adolescents and young adults regarding self-control and sexual health is a religious or political issue, and includes social issues which involve many different subjects; so resolving this issue requires systematic planning
The Prevalence of Domestic Violence and Its Association with Gestational Hypertension in Pregnant women
Get PDFBackground: Violence against women forms one of the most brutal consequences of the economic, social, political, and cultural inequalities that exist between men and women. Violence can lead to less participation in social activities, unhappiness, emotional distress, and increased risks of maternal medical conditions such as hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, which are leading causes of maternal mortality worldwide.Methods: We conducted a case–control study at Shahid-Beheshti hospital in Maragheh, Azarbaijan, Iran. About 110 women with pregnancy revealed hypertension and proteinuria (i.e., preeclampsia), and 451 normotensive women were interviewed to identify the prevalence of domestic violence. Information concerning women’s exposure to physical, emotional, and sexual violence during pregnancy was collected during personal interviews conducted after delivery and while patients were in hospital. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated from logistic regression models.Results: The prevalence of IPV was 56.1% among cases and 24.3% among controls. Women with some exposure to IPV during pregnancy revealed a 2.07-fold increased risk of preeclampsia compared to those who were not exposed to IPV (OR=2.07; 95% CI: 1.5–3.02). The association between IPV and preeclampsia was strengthened slightly after adjusting for maternal age, parity and pre-pregnancy adiposity (OR=2.43; 95% CI: 1.7–3.24).Conclusions: Violence as a social issue is affected by social and cultural diferences .So that ,empowering of women and adolscents as a group that by knowing the factors that lead to the violence and its probable effects ,we can prevent it
Comparing the Diagnostic Precision of Clinical Examination and MRI with Findings from Arthroscopy in Traumatic Knee Injuries with Femur or Tibia Shaft Fracture
Get PDFBackground: Diagnosis of knee injuries following trauma to the lower extremity is very important and needs to be carefully examined. This study aimed at comparing the diagnostic precision of clinical examination (CE) and MRI with findings from arthroscopy in traumatic knee injuries with femur or tibia shaft fracture.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 164 patients with traumatic knee injuries with femur or tibia shaft fracture who had been referred to Imam Hossein Hospital, Shahroud, between March 2014 and February 2015. We compared CE and MRI with arthroscopic findings (gold standard) to determine the concordance, accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of injuries to the meniscus and knee ligaments.Results: The results showed that internal mucus rupture was the most common trauma, noted in 83 cases (50.6%), followed by anterior corrosion rupture, noted in 65 cases (39.6%). CE sensitivity was 68.4% and specificity was 96.2% for medial meniscal (MM) injuries, while sensitivity was 53.6% and specificity was 96.4% for lateral meniscal (LM) injuries. For anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries, CE showed sensitivity of 77.2% and specificity of 91.8%. For posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) injuries, CE showed sensitivity of 52.6% and specificity of 98.6%. For MM injuries, MRI showed sensitivity of 92.5% and specificity of 86.5%, while for LM injuries, it showed sensitivity of 85.00% and specificity of 98.6%. For ACL injuries, MRI showed sensitivity of 86.7% and specificity of 93.8%, and for PCL injuries, MRI showed sensitivity of 84.5% and specificity of 98.8. For ACL injuries, the best concordance was with CE, while for MM and LM injuries, it was with MRI (P<0.001).Conclusions: Meniscal and ligament injuries in traumatic knee injury can be diagnosed through careful clinical examination, while requests for MRI can be reserved for complex or doubtful cases. CE and MRI used together have high sensitivity for ACL, PCL, and MM lesions, while for LM lesions, the specificity is higher
The Effect of Early Skin-to-skin Contact on the Mental Health of Mothers in Traumatic Childbirths
Get PDFBackground: Providing and sustaining the mental health of mothers who have experienced a traumatic childbirth have significant impact on the health of the mother, family and society. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of early skin-to-skin contact in the first hour of birth on the mental health of mothers with traumatic childbirth. Methods: This randomized clinical trial was conducted in 2015 on 82 mothers who, based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-V-TR) criteria, had experienced a traumatic childbirth. After randomly assigning mothers into groups, the intervention group received early skin-to-skin contact in the first hour after birth, and the control group received the routine procedures. The mental health as an outcome of this study was evaluated using the Persian version of General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28). Results: The results showed that the mean score of mental health of mothers in the intervention and control groups was significantly different (P < 0.001) and with the passage of time, the mental health status in the intervention group appeared better than that of the control group (P < 0.001).Conclusions: Early skin contact in the first hour of birth not only in normal deliveries but also in traumatic births can have an important and effective role in improving the mental health of the mothe
Comparing Pilates and Physioball Exercise Regimens on Balance and Motor Control in Women with Multiple Sclerosis
Get PDFBackground: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, progressive autoimmune and central nervous system disease. By damaging the myelin sheaths that insulate nerve cell axa, MS disrupts neurological function, leading to various complications, particularly balance disorders. The aim of this study was to the compare the effectiveness of eight sessions of either pilates or physioball exercise on balance and motor control for women with MS.Methods: Thirty patients with MS, who were recruited from the MS Society of Tehran using availability sampling. Participants were randomly assigned to one into three groups: pilates exercises (PE), physioball exercise (PBE), or a control group (CG). PE and PBE group members completed a corresponding eight-week training program, consisting of three supervised sessions per week, for 15 to 45 minutes each session. During the same time period, the CG performed their usual daily activities. A sharpened Romberg\u27s test was used to measured static balance, and motor control was evaluated by the timed up and go test. Both tests were administered to all participants prior to and following the intervention. Repeated measures analysis of variance was used to evaluate the data, with a significance level of P<0.05.Results: Participants in the PE and PBE conditions showed significantly greater improvements in mean balance and motor control scores compared to CG members. However, no significant differences in mean balance or motor control scores were observed when comparing the PBE and PE groups.Conclusions: While both the PE and PBE programs correlated with improved balance and motor control among MS patients compared to the CG. By considering the effectiveness of these training programs, we recommended them as preventive intervention against falls and related injuries.
Combination of Atorvastatin–Endurance Training Has Positive Effect on Apoptosis and Protein Expression of SDF-1α/CXCR4 Axis after Myocardial Infarction in Rat\u27s Heart Tissue
Get PDFBackground: It is a well-known fact that both statins and exercise have beneficial effects in preventing cardiovascular disease; however, no information is available about their combinatorial effect on the cardiac cell apoptosis and protein expression of SDF-1α/CXCR4 after myocardial infarction (MI). This study aimed to evaluate the combined effect of endurance training and atorvastatin on the apoptosis and protein expression of SDF-1α/CXCR4 in the cardiac tissue of rats following MI.Methods: In total, 30 rats (8–10 weeks old, weighing 220–240 g) were randomly divided into five groups. Myocardial infarction was induced by subcutaneous injection of isoprenaline (150 mg/kg) in 2 consecutive days. Drug and training intervention was initiated 2 days after infarction and was continued for 4 weeks. To assess apoptotis and protein expression of SDF-1α/CXCR4 axis, Tunnel and IHC staining were performed, respectively.Results: The combination of endurance exercise and atorvastatin significantly reduced the number of apoptotic cells and increased the protein expression of SDF-1α compared with the other groups (P<0.001). Moreover, this combination significantly increased the protein expression of CXCR4 compared with the control and sham groups (P<0.001) and with the atorvastatin group (P<0.05). Endurance exercise training and atorvastatin, individually induced a significant decrease in the apoptotic cell count (P<0.001) and nonsignificant increase in the protein expression of SDF-1α /CXCR4, compared with the control group.Conclusions: Results of this study revealed that the combined effects of training and atorvastatin are more efficient in reducing the apoptosis and upregulation of SDF-1α/CXCR4 than exercise or atorvastatin alone
A study of Mindfulness-based Stress Reduction\u27s Effectiveness on Marital Satisfaction in Women
Get PDFBackground: Marital satisfaction has been defined as an individual’s attitudes toward their spouse, and the spouses’ relations. Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy makes possible the relation among temper, thoughts and feelings at “the present moment”. By changing and practicing on thinking, we hope through this method that spouses’ relations will improve, and the factors leading to conflicts will be prevented. This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) on marital satisfaction.Methods: This research is a type of semi-experiment, pre-test and post-test with a control group. The statistical society includes all women involved in marital conflict who were referred to the psychological consulting clinics in Kerman. The statistical sample consisted of 30 women in the experiment group and the control group. For collecting information, the ENRICH questionnaire on marital satisfaction was used. Covariance analysis was used to compare the subjects\u27 scores in both groups.Results: Teaching mindfulness in the level P<0.05 led to increased total marital satisfaction and contentment, relations and conflict resolution, and a decreased women idealistic distortion component.Conclusions: Mindfulness conducts the individuals to attain increasing awareness, and changes their relations with thoughts and feelings. Spouses can experience more marital satisfaction through mastering these skills to find solutions to the problems