International Journal of Health Studies (IJHS - Shahroud University of Medical Sciences)
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Psychometric Properties of the Persian Version of Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly-Short Form (IQCODE-S): Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly-Short Form (IQCODE-S)
No full textBackground: Dementia and cognitive decline mainly affect older people. Several instruments have been developed for screening and detection of cognitive impairments, among them is the short form of the Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly (IQCODE-S).; however, there was no instrument to assess it in Persian language speakers. The purpose of the present study was to validate the Persian version of the Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly-Short Form (IQCODE-S).
Methods: In this study, WHO\u27s standard \u27forward-backward\u27 translation procedure was performed. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire were evaluated and it was administered in a sample of 373 inpatient Iranian elderlies. The convenient sampling was performed to include participants from family members caregiving older patients with long diagnosed of dementia. Face and content validity were evaluated and the reliability of the instrument was evaluated.
Results: The mean age of the participants was 71.08 ± 9.89 years. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was .82. Significant correlations were observed between cognitive status and age, marital status, education and hospitalized wards (p < .05). Appropriate CVI and were calculated as .85 and.7 respectively.
Conclusion: This study reports on translation and validation of the Persian version of one of the most important screening tools for dementia. It reveals a significant association between the elderlies’ cognitive decline and their age, marital status, education, and hospitalized ward.
Key words: Psychometrics, Ageing, Cognitive Decline, Informant
 
Comparison between the Acute Effects of Intermittent Hypoxia and Aerobic Exercise on the Nitric Oxide Value, Blood Pressure and the Respiratory Function in Apnea
Get PDFBackground: Apnea is a common disorder in the community. The aim of the study was to compare the acute effects of activity and periodic hypoxia on the nitric oxide, blood pressure, and the pulmonary function in apnea. Methods: The study was as a clinical, pretest, and posttest intervention. A total of 11 males enrolled in the study and completed at least four options of the STOP-Bang inventory. They performed aerobic exercise on a treadmill with intensity of 70 0/0 heart rate reserve, during 40 minutes in intermittent hypoxia. The subjects inhaled intermittently 5 minutes normoxic and hypoxic (11%) air at sitting position for 1 hour. Nitric oxide, blood pressure, and lung function were measured before and after interventions. SPSS22 was used to analyze the collected data. Kolmogorov-Smirnov, ANOVA, and Pearson correlation tests were used. The significance level was set at 0.05. Results: Significantly elevated nitric oxide and reduced systolic blood pressure were observed at 40, 50 and 60 minutes in the intermittent aerobic exercise (Pvalue ≤ 0.05). We found a significant relationship between reduction in systolic blood pressure at 50 minutes and PEF in post 30 and 60 minutes. The results revealed heightened serum nitric oxide after aerobic exercise sessions and diminished systolic blood pressure. However, there was no difference in the lung function factors before and after the interventions. Conclusions: Aerobic exercise increases the nitric oxide better than hypoxia does and reduces blood pressure. Thus, it can be used in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Keywords: Nitric oxide, Acute training, Lung function, Apnea
Effects of a 12-Week Global Corrective Exercise Intervention on Sway Back Posture in Young Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Get PDFBackground: Sway back posture (SBP) is a common postural deviation of sagittal alignment and is the most common postural deviation in 18 to 28-year-old individuals, but there is no standard exercise protocol for treating SBP. Our objective was to assess the effectiveness of the global corrective exercise intervention (GCEI) on spinal posture of healthy individuals 18-25 years of age with SBP.
Methods: This study was a randomized controlled design with a parallel group, two-arm trial with 1:1 allocation ratio. Seventy participants (mean age 20.9±2.1 years) with SBP (⩾ 10°) were enrolled in the study for 12 weeks. The participants were randomly assigned to an exercise (n=35) or control group (n=35). The targeted global spine strengthening and stretching exercise intervention included core and postural training, delivered by a corrective exercise specialist in 2 groups of 20 and 15 participants 3 times a week for 12 weeks. Forward head angle and sway angle were measured using a digitized side-view photograph. Kyphosis index and llordosis index were measured using a flex curve ruler.
Results: The 12-week intervention program resulted in significant within group differences in forward head, kyphosis, lordosis and postural sway angle (p<0.001). There was also a significant between group difference in the changes of all postural variables (p<0.001).
Conclusions: The GCEI resulted in improved sway back posture in our sample of 18-25-year-old participants. This study supports the theoretical basis for clinical rehabilitation of postural deviations. Further studies are required to generalize these findings to other age and population groups.
Key words: posture, sway back, corrective exercise, spinal alignmen
Sexual Dysfunctions and Some Related Factors in Northeast Part of Iran
Get PDFBackground: Sexual dysfunction is common in women and causes serious problems in their lives through affecting their physical and mental health, self-esteem and quality of life. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of sexual dysfunction in women referred to health centers in north east of Iran in 2016.
Methods: The study was cross-sectional. The statistical population consisted of all married women referring to Shahroud health centers in 2016. A total of 478 married women were selected through multi-stage sampling and data extraction methods. Interviews and the (FSFI) questionnaire were used for data collection. Demographic information was also collected. Statistical analysis was performed by Chi-square and independent t-test.
Results: The frequency of sexual dysfunction was 48.5% (232/478), which was obtained for each domain as follows: sexual pain disorder 49.8% (238/478), orgasm disorder 51.0% (244/478), lubrication disorder 51.0% ( 244/478), sexual desire disorder 23.2% (111/478), and stimulation disorder 11.3% (54/478), respectively. In this study, sexual dysfunction was significantly associated with age (P≤/0/003) and education (P≤/0/001), but and there was no significant relationship with contraceptive methods or number of children (P≤/0/32).
Conclusions: According to research findings, the frequency of sexual dysfunction is relatively high in the community. It is suggested that counseling centers and sex education centers be established in health centers.
Keywords: Dysfunction, Female, Northeast, Relate, Sexual
Comparison of Shoulder Posture and Scapular Kinematic between Swimmer with and without Shoulder Pain
No full textBackground: Posture impairment can be an integral component of overuse injuries in the sport. The purpose of this study was to compare the shoulder posture and scapular kinematic among swimmers with and without shoulder pain.
Methods: Thirty-six swimmers, 18 swimmers without shoulder pain, and 18 swimmers with shoulder pain, with were selected as samples in consultation with an orthopedic specialist. Static and dynamic posture including FH-FSP were measured using a digitized, side-view photograph; pectoralis minor length using a tape measure; scapular anterior tilting index via a ruler; scapular rotation as well as protraction by a DiVeta method.
Results: The results showed that FH and FS angle were significantly greater in the swimmers with shoulder pain than those without shoulder pain. On the other hand, scapular protraction and rotation were not significantly different between the groups. However, pectoralis minor length was significantly shorter in the swimmers with shoulder pain than those without shoulder pain. FS angle and pectoralis minor length were significant predictors for shoulder pain.
Conclusions: The results of our study regarding the role of posture and scapular kinematics in the shoulder pain are inconclusive due to the large number of confounding variables that may have influenced the results. Future studies should be performed to evaluate the effects of these variables.
Keywords: Scapula, Position, Protraction, Upper cross syndrome
Cardiovascular Effects Circular Training (Resistance-Interval) Combined with Berberine in Overweight Elderly Men
Get PDFBackground: Obesity and overweight, along with inactive lifestyle, have been introduced as one of the most important for cardiovascular risk factors, especially in elderly. This study aimed to determine the effect of circular training (resistance-interval) combined with berberine on cardiovascular risk factors and C reactive protein (CRP) in overweight elderly men.
Methods: Forty sedentary healthy elderly male aged 50-55 years divided into 4 groups: circular training (resistance-interval, 8 weeks, 3 times/weekly) (CT), berberine supplementation (BS), circular training combined with berberine (CT-BS) and control (CON) groups (n=10 each group). Intervention lasted 8 weeks. Fasting blood samples were collected before and 48 hours after lasted training session to determine cardiovascular risk factors (TG, TC, LDL, HDL) and serum CRP for all groups. Multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) used to compare groups results.
Results: All interventions (CT, BS, CT-BS) resulted in significant decrease in TG, TC and LDL and increase in DL. Serum CRP was significantly decreased in CT and CT-BS groups but not in BS. In addition, significant difference was observed in cardiovascular risk factors and CRP within groups with emphasizing more cardiovascular effects of CT-BS.
Conclusion: Based on the results, it is concluded that circular trainings combined with berberine supplementation is associated with more Cardiovascular effectiveness than each one alone in overweight elderly men.
Keywords: Cardiovascular risk factor, Circular exercise, Berberine, Elderly, Overweight
 
The Relationship between Emotional Intelligence and Stress, Anxiety, and Depression among Iranian Students
Get PDFBckground: Entering a new environment such as university would expose students to many psychological tensions. Among students, those with higher emotional intelligence can manage their stress better in critical situations. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between emotional intelligence and levels of stress, anxiety, and depression among students.
Methods: This study was a cross-sectional one and the population included all students of Shahroud University of Medical Sciences. The participants were 403 students who were selected through multi-stage random sampling. Shiring Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire and Depression, Anxiety, and Stress scale (DASS-21) were used to collect data. Independent t-test, chi-square, and pearson correlation coefficient and also SPSS software were used to analyze the data.
Results: The results indicated that 82.2% of the participants (n=331) had high emotional intelligence and 17.9% (n=72) had moderate emotional intelligence. The mean score of emotional intelligence was 113.5 among the participants, and levels of stress, anxiety, and depression were significantly different between two groups of students with high and medium emotional intelligence. Correlation of emotional intelligence score with stress score (r = -0.59), anxiety score (r = -0.57) and depression score (r = -0.65) indicated a reverse and significant relationship between emotional intelligence with stress, anxiety, and depression.
Conclusions: According to the relationship observed between emotional intelligence and management of psychological tensions in students, it is suggested that authorities should take the necessary steps to improve students\u27 emotional intelligence.
Keywords: Anxiety, Depression, Emotional Intelligence, Stress, Students
The Effectiveness of Matrix Interventions in Reducing the Difficulty in Cognitive Emotion Regulation and Craving in Methamphetamine-Dependent Patients
Get PDFBackground: Craving is a persistent factor in addictive behaviors. The aim of study was to investigate the effectiveness of matrix interventions in reducing the difficulty in cognitive emotion regulation and craving in methamphetamine-dependent patients.Methods: The research method was experimental and the research design was pre and posttest with the control group. The statistical population of the study consisted of all methamphetamine-dependent patients who visited the Golestan hospital of Ahvaz in 2019. Among them, 40 ones were selected by a purposive sampling method and were randomly classified into experimental and control groups (n = 20 per group). The Cognitive Emotion Regulation and Craving Questionnaires were used for data collection. The experimental group received the matrix program (24 fifty-minute sessions), but the control group did not receive any intervention. Data were analyzed by the analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). Significant level was set at 0.05.Results: The results indicated that the matrix program was effective in reducing the difficulty in cognitive emotion regulation (F = 13.483, Pvalue < 0.001). The research results also indicated that the matrix program was effective in reducing craving in methamphetaminedependent patients (F = 60.716, Pvalue < 0.001).Conclusions: According to results, the therapy could be used to reduce the difficulty in cognitive emotion regulation and craving in methamphetamine-dependent patients.
Keywords: Matrix model, Cognitive emotion regulation, Craving, Methamphetamine
The Effect of Breathing Techniques on Enhancing the Effect of Massage in Reducing the Pain in the Second Stage of Labour: A Parallel Randomized Clinical Trial
Get PDFBackground: massage is commonly used for labor pain relief and has been the subject of research for many years. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of abdominal massage on labor pain as well as assessing the effect of breathing techniques in reducing the labor pain by massage.Methods: In this parallel-randomized clinical trial, 96 nulliparous women from were recruited from July to December 2010 and allocated into two experimental groups (massage only and massage with breathing groups) and one control group. Before allocation, an informed consent form was obtained from all the subjects. Visual Analog Scale (VAS) was used to assess the pain during active and transitional phases of labor 30and 60 min after intervention. The duration of active phase, path of delivery, episiotomy, neonatal Apgar score at 1 and 5 min and neonatal birth weight were considered as secondary outcomes of this study.Results: After 30 and 60 min of intervention in active phase, the mean VAS scores of both experimental groups significantly decreased compared to the control group (P<0.01). No significant difference was observed in mean VAS scores after intervention on transitional phase (P>0.05). In second stage of labor, the mean VAS scores of massage with breathing group were significantly lower than the massage and control groups (P<0.05). Both experimental groups had significant shorter time used in active phase of labor than the control group (P<0.05).Conclusions: Breathing techniques only strengthen the pain-relieving effect by the massage in the second stage of labor. Therefore, it is recommended to use breathing techniques, especially in the second stage of labor.
