International Journal of Health Studies (IJHS - Shahroud University of Medical Sciences)
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Investigating the Mediatory Role of Self-Efficacy Beliefs in the Relationship between Self-Perception, Peer Support, and Subjective Well-Being in Visually Impaired Teenagers
Get PDFBackground: Subjective well-being is considered as one of the most important measures for the health of a society, and it refers to emotional improvement to be able to enjoy life. The main objective of the current study was to investigate the mediatory role of self-efficacy beliefs in the relationship between self-perception, peer support, and subjective well-being in visually impaired teenagers.
Methods: The study was a descriptive correlation performed by path analysis. The statistical population included all female students with visual impairment in Kermanshah city and 176 of which were selected as the sample of the study using convenience sampling. The research instruments included Ryff\u27s Psychological Well-Being Scales (PWB), the Self-Concept Scale, the Peer Support Questionnaire, and Self-Efficacy Beliefs Questionnaire. The proposed model was evaluated using path analysis with AMOS software.
Results: The results showed that all the direct paths, except for the path from self-perception to subjective well-being, were significant (P= 0.0001). Moreover, the indirect paths through self-efficacy beliefs to subjective well-being were also significant (P= 0.0001).
Conclusions: According to the results of the study, the proposed model had a good fit, and is an important step in identifying the factors affecting the subjective well-being of adolescents with visual impairment.
Keywords: Visual impairment, Subjective well-being, Self-perception, Peer support, Self-efficacy beliefs
The Effectiveness of Emotion-Focused Couple Therapy on Marital Satisfaction and Positive Feelings towards the Spouse
Get PDFBackground: Marital relationship has been described as the most important and fundamental human relationship because it provides the basic structure for forming a family relationship and life satisfaction. Also, one of the factors which play an important role in the marital satisfaction of couples is positive feelings towards the spouse, which include both positive emotions. This study aimed to investigate the effect of emotion-focused couple therapy on marital satisfaction and positive feelings towards the spouse.
Methods: This semi-experimental method with a pre-and post-test design was conducted on a sample group of 14. The statistical population of the present study includes all married women who in 2018 were referred to counseling centers and neighborhoods in the 10th district of Tehran city. The sampling method in this research is a purposeful sampling. Thus, the questionnaires of enriching and nurturing relationship issues‚ communicating and happiness(ENRICH) and positive feeling questionnaire (PFQ)were completed by married women referring to counseling centers and shelters in the 10th district of Tehran. After scoring the questionnaire, select 14 people who are allowed to score or below average in ENRICH and PFQ.
A Paired t-test was used to significantly evaluate the differences between the means in the pre-test and post-test stages. Statistical analysis was conducted using IBM SPSS-24. The significance level was set at 0.05 for all tests.
Results: The results of the paired t-test showed that there was no significant difference between the mean scores of the subjects in the pre-test and post-test stages in the variables of marital relationship, relationship with relatives, and friends and spiritual beliefs (Pvalue<0.05), but in There were significant differences in the variables of personality issues, conflict resolution, sexual relations, marriage and children and the total score of marital satisfaction and positive feelings towards the spouse.
Conclusions: Emotion-focused couple therapy is effective in marital satisfaction and positive feelings Spouse, hence; family counselors and family therapists can use the results of the present study for therapeutic interventions based on emotion-focused couple therapy to increase marital satisfaction and positive feelings in couples.
Keywords: Emotion-focused couple therapy, Marital satisfaction, Positive feelings, Spous
Evaluation of the Quality of Clinical Education Based on the Perspective of Medical Students of Shahroud University of Medical Sciences
Get PDFBackground: Improving the quality of clinical education requires a continuous review of the existing situation to identify strengths and weaknesses. The aim of the study was to evaluate the quality of clinical education based on the perspective of medical students of Shahroud university of medical sciences.
Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was conducted at1397-98. Participants were 230 medical students and interns in Shahroud university of medical sciences who were enrolled in the study. The data were collected using the clinical education quality assessment questionnaire, with a range of 0-66 points and divided into three levels: weak, moderate and desirable. T-test was used for data analysis. The Significanl level was set at 0.05.
Results: The results showed that the mean of the standard deviation of clinical education quality in terms of goals and curriculum (12.95), teacher performance (10.23), and student treatment (4.09) was desirable from medical students\u27 point of view. (Given that the significance level is less than 0.05, these averages are desirable) while in terms of educational environment (4.60) and supervision and evaluation (4.01), it is not desirable.
Conclusions: According to the findings, clinical quality status is desirable in most aspects, but it is necessary to eliminate the weaknesses to improve the quality of clinical education in this university in terms of the educational environment, monitoring and evaluation according to the students\u27 viewpoints.
Keywords: Quality, Clinical education, Medical students
The Effect of Moderating Noise Pollution on Premature Infants\u27 Behavioral and Physiological Responses in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Get PDFBackground: The aim of the study was to determine the effect of moderating noise pollution on premature infants\u27 behavioral and physiological responses in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).
Methods: 110 premature infants hospitalized in the NICU ward of hospitals in Tehran were selected. All the infants who met the research criteria were allocated and assigned to the experimental and control group (n = 55). The sampling method was non-probability and convenient. In the first section of time, each infant with inclusion criteria, inserted in the control group and then in the second section of time, infant with inclusion criteria placed in the experiment group. In the first section, the educated nurse measured the LAeq, LC, LA, infants’ behavioral responses, and physiological responses. In the second section, noise modifying interventions were implemented in the experimental group for 6 weeks, and then LAeq, LC, LA, infants’ behavioral responses and physiological responses were measured with the same methods.
Results: Infants\u27 heart rate in the experimental group was significantly lower than the control group (Pvalue<0.05), and atrial blood O2 Saturation was significantly higher than the control group (Pvalue<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the mean number of crying, sleeping, and Moro reflex of premature infants in the two groups. Also, the sound-pressure level in the C-weighted network in the experimental group was lower than the control group (Pvalue=0.021). The sound-pressure level of the C-weighted network was obtained in the same way (Pvalue=0.008).
Conclusions: Based on the results, moderating noise pollution in NICU can lead to heart rate deceleration and atrial blood O2 Saturation acceleration in premature infants.
Keywords: Noise pollution, Premature infants, Behavioral responses, Physiological responses, Neonatal Intensive care unit
The Effect of Gradual Reduction in Sodium Dialysate on Occurrence of Muscular Cramp, and the Serum Level of Calcium and Magnesium in Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis: A Cross-Over Clinical Trial: The effect of gradual reduction in sodium dialysate on occurrence of muscular cramp
No full textBackground: The aim of study was to determine the effect of gradual reduction in sodium dialysate on occurrence of muscular cramp, and the serum level of calcium and magnesium in patients Undergoing hemodialysis.
Methods: This triple-blinded cross-over clinical trial was conducted on 56 hemodialysis patients. After random allocation of patients into group A by the routine method (fixed sodium dialysate) and group B with gradual reduction in sodium dialysate, they underwent a 3-session dialysis. After one week of dialysis through routine method (wash out), patients underwent 3-session dialysis in group B by routine method and in group A by gradual reduction in sodium dialysate. Occurrence of muscular cramp was recorded by using a check list. Patients, serum level of calcium and magnesium before and after intervention was measured. Descriptive statistics indices and inferential statistics tests (repeated measures Analysis of variance) were used.
Results: The rate of muscular cramp in routine method was 3.8% in one muscle, 1.9% in two or more muscles, and in the method of gradual reduction of sodium dialysate was 1.9% in one muscle, and 7.5% in two or more muscles. The mean difference of plasma calcium and magnesium before and after the dialysis with routine method was 0.43 and 0.26, respectively, and in the method of gradual reduction of sodium dialysate was 0.45 and 0.34. In this study no significant difference was observed for the rate of occurrence of muscular cramp and serum level of calcium and magnesium between two methods.
Conclusions: The results showed that gradual reduction of sodium dialysate, has no effect on occurrence of muscular cramp during dialysis, serum level of calcium and magnesium in hemodialysis patients. Further investigations are needed to better understand the exact effect of this method, and also eliminate the study limitations.
Keywords: Calcium, Hemodialysis, Magnesium, Muscle cramp, Sodium dialysate
The Relationship between Caring Burden and Quality of Life in Caregivers of Type 2 Diabetes: Caring burden and quality of life in caregivers
No full textBackground: Taking care of patients with chronic diseases such as diabetes exerts great tiredness and stress on the caregivers. The aim of this study was to determine the extent of the caring burden and its relationship with the quality of life of caregivers of diabetic patients.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 154 caregivers of patients with type 2 diabetes referred to Imam Hossein hospital in Shahroud city were evaluated. The data collection tools included a demographic questionnaire, SF-36 standard quality of life questionnaire, and Novak & Guest care burden questionnaire. The accessible sampling was used and the data were collected by self-reporting. The data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics (Pearson correlation coefficient and regression analysis). Significant level was set at 0.05.
Results: The mean age of caregivers was 41.86 ± 12.78 years old. The mean scores of care burden and quality of life of the participants were 53.21 ± 49.61 and 61.02 ± 20.71 respectively. There was a significant inverse correlation between the mean score of care burden and caregivers’ quality of life.
Conclusions: According to the results of this study, providing social and informational support for caregivers is recommended to reduce the care burden and subsequently improve the quality of life.
Key words: Caring pressure, Quality of life, Diabetes, Caregiver
The Effectiveness of Choice Theory Education on Reducing Work-Family Conflict of Women
Get PDFBackground: One of the most significant issues of areas of work and family interactions is work-family conflict. Dominant traditional and stereotypical attitudes toward women’s roles and doing institutionalized house chores provoke problems such as a decline in organizational performance and adverse physical, mental, and behavioral effects in women. The purpose of this study was to explore the effectiveness of choice theory education on reducing work-family conflict of women working in the hospital.
Methods: The quasi-experimental research conducted in a pre-test and post-test control group design aimed to examine the effectiveness of the choice theory education on reducing work-family conflict of 12 participants in the experimental group and 12 participants in the control group who were selected by multistage cluster sampling.
Results: The result of Covariance analysis revealed that there was a significant difference between the experimental and control group in post-test (Pvalue< 0.001, F=50.13).
Conclusions: It can be concluded that the education of choice theory\u27s concepts can be used as one of the strategies of reducing the work-family conflict to confront its negative consequences in organizations and families
The Effect of Whey Protein Supplementation after Eccentric Resistance Exercise on Glutathione Peroxidase and Lactate Dehydrogenase in non-Trained Young Men
Get PDFBackground: Laboratory studies have revealed that intense exercise is associated with increased production of free radicals, and weakened capacity of antioxidant. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of short-term whey protein supplementation on some oxidant and antioxidant indices following an intense exercise session among nonathletic men. Methods: In this double blind randomized clinical trial study, 24 nonathlete male students (21.9 ± 1.19 kg of weight) without any chronic and metabolic diseases were randomly allocated into two groups: males who received whey protein supplement (0.4 g / kg body weight for 3 consecutive days), and those who received placebo. Blood samples were collected before, immediately, 24, 48, and 72 hours after an intense resistance exercise session, and were analyzed for glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). The repeated measure ANOVA was used to compare GPx and LDH between these two groups. Results: Significant differences were observed in the GPx change pattern between the two groups. On the other hand, at each stage of the sampling, there was a significant increase in the amount of GPx compared to placebo group (1.164 ± 0.166 vs 0.924 ± 0.054 for 24 recovery; 1.111 ± 0.104 vs 0.896 ± 0.105 for 48 hours recovery; 1.036 ± 0.131 vs 0.873 ± 0.083 for 72 hours recovery) (Pvalue < 0.05). However, no significant difference was observed in the LDH change pattern between the two groups (Pvalue = 0.99). Conclusions: Whey protein supplementation is associated with the improvement of GPx activity after an intense resistance exercise among non-athletic young men. Keywords: Antioxidant enzyme, Resistance exercise, Whey protein, Stress oxidative
Effect of Lifestyle on Psychological Well-Being and Severity of Menopausal Symptoms in Women during Premenopausal Period
Get PDFSubject: The premenopausal period is a variable time range in the last years of women\u27s fertility period, which is associated with contrasting physical and mental symptoms in different women. This study was designed to determine the relationship between lifestyle and physical and psychological symptoms of this duration in women.
Method: This descriptive-analytic study was performed on 400 women referring to Shahroud health centers during the premenopausal period in 1396. Cluster sampling was done. The instruments used included demographic information questionnaire, lifestyle questionnaire (LSQ), Keys and Gyarmo well-being scale, and Hayman\u27s MRS Menopause Scale. Data were analyzed by SPSS-24 software. Descriptive characteristics were reported using central and dispersion statistical indicators and frequency distribution: Pearson correlation test, t-test, and one way ANOVA were used. The general linear regression model was used to control conflicting variables.
Results: The mean age of women was 46.5 ± 2.8 years. 43.8% of women report severe hot flushes. The results of Pearson correlation coefficient showed a significant and positive correlation between the total score of lifestyle with psychological well-being, the severity of menopausal symptoms, and education level (p <0.001).
Conclusion: Healthy lifestyle affects the psychological well-being and decreases the severity of menopausal symptoms during premenopausal women, and appropriate education and counseling are essential in this regard.
Keywords: Lifestyle, Premenopausal, Psychological Well-Being, Menopause
Prevalence of Zinc Deficiency in Obese Adults with Increased Appetite in Shiraz, Iran
Get PDFBackground: Low serum zinc concentration is associated with obesity,and its deficiency has been linked to many pathogenesis aspects of obesity. The present study was designed to evaluate the prevalence of zinc deficiency in the obese adults with increased appetite in Shiraz,Fars province, south of Iran. Furthermore, we aimed to evaluate the serum zinc correlation with some demographic and anthropometric indices. Methods: In this study, 260 adults with the ages ranged from 25 to 55 years old were selected for serum zinc concentration. Age, sex, job, education level, physical actively, weight, height, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), and waist to hip ratio (WHR) were also recorded for each participants. Using calorimeter method, we considered the serum level of zinc less than 70µg/dL as deficient. Results: Mean serum level of zinc was 96.37 ± 18.24 µg/dL. The prevalence rate of zinc deficiency was 8%, which was more prevalent among female participants than male ones with no significant difference (9.8% and 4.6%, respectively, Pvalue = 0.14). The participants’ characteristics were not statistically different between normal and deficient groups, and serum zinc concentration had no correlation with age, sex, height, weight, BMI, WC, HC, and WHR. Conclusions: Zinc deficiency in obese adults living in Shiraz is as prevalent as other population groups, and also other regions of Iran. Zinc deficiency is considered as a possible risk factor for obesityrelated diseases, and requires more investigations. Keywords: Zinc, Deficiency, Prevalence, Obesity, Iran