International Journal of Health Studies (IJHS - Shahroud University of Medical Sciences)
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Characteristics of a Capable Teacher to Teach Effectively from Students\u27 Perspective at Shahroud University of Medical Sciences
Get PDFIntroduction: In addition to educational conditions and facilities, the presence of a good and capable teacher is an effective factor in improving teaching and learning processes. The present study aimed to determine the characteristics of a capable teacher from students\u27 perspective at Shahroud University of Medical Sciences.
Materials: The present cross-sectional study was conducted on 289 students at Shahroud University of Medical Sciences during the academic year of 2017-2018 using a multi-stage random sampling method. Data were collected by a questionnaire containing demographic characteristics and factors affecting the evaluation of capable teachers, including six domains, namely personal characteristics (10 questions), teaching method (14 questions), evaluation and personal communication skills (10 questions), teacher\u27s scholarship (4 questions), and educational rules (5 questions). The data were then analyzed using SPSS.
Results: The maximum and minimum mean scores were related to teaching methods (61.9± 6.5) and teacher\u27s scholarship (16± 3.1) respectively. There were significant relationships between evaluation skills and students\u27 residences, the field of study, and six domains of teacher evaluation and academic level, and six domains of academic satisfaction, evaluation skills, and scholarship.
Conclusion: From the learners\u27 perspective, the most important characteristics of a capable teacher included the teaching method, personal communication, and personal characteristics respectively. Awareness of learners\u27 perspectives on education can help teachers to provide informed teaching planning. According to the results of the present study, the criteria of a capable teacher can be evaluated for achieving effective teaching.
Keywords: Capable teacher; Teaching; Student; Shahroud
The Effect of High Intensity Interval Training and Honey Consumption on some Inflammatory Indices in Sedentary Subjects
No full textBackground: The sedentary lifestyle has been introduced as one of the main causes of disease and a predictor of morbidity and mortality. Inflammation is an essential contributor to the pathogenesis of diseases. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of high-intensity interval training and honey consumption on IL-6, IL-12 and TNF-a levels in sedentary individuals.
Methods: Thirty-eight young, healthy and inactive men were assigned to one of the following interventions: Exercise+placebo (EP), Exercise+Supplement (ES), Supplement (S) and Placebo (P). Subjects in the exercise groups underwent a supervised HIIT program over 8 weeks. Exercise at each session comprised 2 min high intensity training with the intensity of 80-90% of heart rate max interspersed by low-intensity intervals of walking for 1 minute. Throughout the study, the subjects in supplement groups received 5 cc/kg body mass of 13% honey dissolved in plain water within 30-60 min before each exercise session. The subjects in placebo groups were administered with an equal volume of water solution with 5 gr sucrose. Before and 72h after the experimental period blood samples were collected to assess plasma levels of IL-6, IL-12, and TNF-a.
Results: We observed that IL-6 levels significantly decreased in ES and E groups from pretest to posttest and there was a significant difference between the ES and control groups (Pvalue=0.023). However, no significant changes were observed for IL-12 and TNF-a (Pvalue> 0.05).
Conclusions: HIIT program along with honey consumption over 8 weeks could have favorable effects on inflammatory indices such as IL-6 in subjects with sedentary life-style.
Keywords: HIIT; honey; inflammation; IL-6; TNF-α; IL-12
The The Relationship between Uric Acid and Blood Glucose in Diabetic Patients
No full textBackground: some studies have shown that there is a correlation between serum uric acid and blood glucose levels so that these changes are not exactly clear. This study was conducted to determine the relationship between uric acid and blood glucose in diabetic patients.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 190 type 2 diabetic (DM) patients in Shahroud by convenience sampling method. FBS, uric acid, triglyceride, and total cholesterol under standard conditions were measured. Patients were divided into four groups in terms of uric acid level.
Results: In this study, 53.7% of patients were male. The average age of cases was 58.3 ± 13.5 years. There was a significant difference in uric acid between age groups (Pvalue<0.023), educational levels (Pvalue<0.041), BMI (Pvalue<0.012) and cholesterol (Pvalue<0.002) groups. Also, there was a significant reverse relationship between mean FBS (Pvalue<0.001), blood glucose two hours after feeding (Pvalue<0.001), and HbA1c (Pvalue<0.02) with different levels of uric acid.
Conclusions: The results showed that there was a significant and reversal relationship between the levels of uric acid and glucose levels. In order to control the level of uric acid, the level of glucose in these patients is also to be measured and controlled.
Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, Blood glucose, Uric acid.
 
Socioeconomic Status and Low Birth Weight: Shahroud 2017
Get PDFBackground
Low Birth Weight (LBW) is one of the most important health indicators and is one of the most important causes of infant mortality. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of family socioeconomic status (SES) on LBW in Shahroud.
Methods
In this cross sectional study, 4242 neonates were entered in the study. Data gathering tool was a valid and reliable questionnaire and also we use electronic records of household’s health profile to complete data collection Form.
Determinants of household’s SES were 10 economic factors, including household assets like; car ownership, computer and Internet access, microwave, cooking place, number of residential house rooms, type of heating and cooling equipment, bathroom in the house, mother’s history of foreign travel-tourism and for social factors there were 4 variables; father\u27s education, mother\u27s education, father\u27s job and number of children. The logistic regression model was used by controlling the confounding variables to investigate the effect of socioeconomic factors on LBW.
Results
Among study subjects, 312 (7.4 %) of them were LBW (CI 95%=6.6-8.1). The chance of low birth weight in neonates with low socioeconomic group was 2.6 times more than high class group (95% CI= 3.47 - 2.01).
Conclusion
The quality of health services and the improvement of the socio-economic situation must be taken into account to reduce the inequity of LBW between poor and rich family neonates.
(Keywords): Neonate, Socioeconomic status, Low Birth Weight, Shahroud
The The Effect of 6-Week Interval and Continuous Training with Zizphus Vulgaris Extract Supplementation on Hippocampus’s BDNF Male Wistar Rats
No full textBackground: The aim of the study was to compare the effect of 6-week interval and Continuous training with Zizphus Vulgaris Extract supplementation on the hippocampus’s BDNF male Wistar rats.
Methods: Among 36 male rats (250-350 gr), randomly after adjusting the body weight, 6 rats were separated as the control group. 30 rats were divided into 5 groups: Continuous group (n=6), Interval group (n=6), Continuous with Zizphus Vulgaris Extract group (n=6), Interval with Zizphus Vulgaris Extract group (n=6) and Zizphus Vulgaris Extract group (n=6). The training groups completed 8 weeks of the training program, 5 days/week according to protocol. The Endurance Continuous protocol includes running exercise on a treadmill for, 10 m/min, 10 min/day to up 16 m/min, 40 min/ day. Endurance Interval protocol includes running exercise on a treadmill for, 5*4 min, with intensity 10 m/min to up 23 m/min, 52 min/ day. The Zizphus Vulgaris Extract group, every 6 weeks, each rat consumed 400 mg/kg.day and 1.5 mL. At the end of the intervention, the animals were euthanized and the hippocampus’s BDNF was measured. Data were analyzed using one way ANOVA tests (Pvalue<0.05).
Results: Interval with the Zizphus Vulgaris Extract group had significantly increased hippocampus’s BDNF compared to control and Zizphus Vulgaris Extract groups ( respectively p= 0.01, p= 0.02). Other comparisons were not significant.
Conclusions: Interval with Zizphus Vulgaris Extract induce more effective favorable changes in the hippocampus’s BDNF in male rats. Likely, that be the best Strategy to prevent negative effects on the hippocampus’s BDNF decrease.
Keywords: Interval training, Continuous training, Zizphus Vulgaris extract supplementation, Hippocampus’s BDNF, male wistar rats
Comparison of the Effectiveness of Emotion-Focused Therapy Group and Schema Group Therapy on the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation and Health Promoting Lifestyle of Obese Women
Get PDFBackground: Obesity is one of the most common problem among women, leading to many chronic diseases such as heart disease and cancer. Various factors such as emotional problems and lifestyle have a special role in women\u27s obesity. The aim of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of emotion-focused therapy group (EFT-G) and schema group therapy (SGT) on the difficulties in emotion regulation and the health-promoting lifestyle of obese women referred to nutrition clinics in Mashhad in 2018.
Methods: Thirty-six obese volunteer women were selected and assigned into two experimental groups (each group consisted of 12 women) and a control group (n = 12). A meeting was held to explain the objectives of the research and intervention. Each one of the experimental groups received 90-minute weekly sessions for 2.5 months (10 sessions), while the control group did not receive any intervention. Before and after the training phase, all of the participants completed the demographic questionnaire. Finally, they had also completed the difficulties in emotion regulation scale and the health-promoting lifestyle profile. Data were analyzed by using SPSS 22 software. The significant level was set at 0.05.
Results: The outcomes of data analysis by using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) indicated that there is no significant difference between the two experimental groups on the research variables (Pvalue>0.05). The results also showed that EFT-G and SGT improved health promoting lifestyles and difficulties in emotion regulation in obese women (Pvalue<0.05). Also, the results showed that EFT-G was effective on difficulties in emotion regulation, but group schema therapy was not effective on emotional regulation difficulties in obese women (Pvalue>0.05).
Conclusions: Generally, the results showed that there is no significant difference between the two experimental groups on the difficulties in emotion regulation and health-promoting lifestyle. The EFT-G decrease the difficulties in emotion regulation and increase the health promotion lifestyle in obese women. Furthermore, this study illustrated that the EFT-G can improve the difficulties in emotion regulation and the health promotion lifestyle of obese women.
Keywords: Emotion-focused therapy, schema group therapy, Obesity, Difficulties in emotion regulation, Health promotion lifestyl
The Impact of Men\u27s Participation on Spouse Gestational Diabetes Care on Adherence treatment by Women
No full textBackground: Women with gestational diabetes are at increased risk for type 2 diabetes. Men\u27s participation during pregnancy plays a vital role in the safety of pregnant mothers by ensuring access to care and the provision of financial and emotional support. This study was to determine the effect of education based on spouses\u27 participation in adherence treatment in women with gestational diabetes.
Methods: This study was a non-randomized clinical trial study on 80 women with gestational diabetes mellitus (40 in the control group and 40 in the intervention group) in Shahroud University of Medical Sciences. The control group received routine care and training. In addition to the usual training, the experimental group received caring training in gestational diabetes with their spouses. The diabetic activity treatment adherence questionnaire was completed by both groups before and 5 weeks after the intervention. Statistic significant was set at 0.05.
Results: The results showed that in the post-intervention phase, the adherence score of treatment was not statistically significant compared to the control group.
Conclusions: Due to the fact that education based on the participation of spouses has not been effective on adherence treatment of women with gestational diabetes, the lack of effect of educational intervention in the present study requires further study. On the other hand, the need to repeat this research in societies is felt with poor adherence treatment.
Keywords: Gestational diabetes, Adherence treatment, Spouse participation, Education
The Effectiveness of Emotion-Focused Therapy Group on Difficulties in Emotion Regulation and Health Promoting Lifestyle in Obese Women
Get PDFBackground: Obesity is one of the most common problems between women, which leads to many chronic diseases such as heart disease and cancer. Various factors, including emotional problems and lifestyle, play a special role in the obesity of women. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of Emotion-Focused Therapy Group (EFT-G) on the difficulties in emotion regulation and the health-promoting lifestyle of obese women referred to nutrition clinics in Mashhad in 2018.
Methods: In this study, twenty-four obese volunteer women were selected and assigned to two experimental (n =12) and control (n =12) groups. One meeting was held to explain the aims of the research and intervention. The experimental group received 90-minute weekly sessions for 2.5 months (10 sessions), while the control group did not receive any intervention. Before and after the training phase, all of the participants completed the demographic questionnaire. Finally, they had also completed the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale and the Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile. Data were analyzed by using SPSS 22 software.
Results: The outcomes of data analysis by using one-way and multivariate covariance analysis indicated that the EFT-G significantly reduced the overall score of difficulties of emotion regulation in obese women (Pvalue≤0.001).These outcomes also represented that the health Promotion lifestyle of mentioned women had significant improvement (Pvalue≤0.001).
Conclusions: Generally, the results showed that the EFT-G leads to a decrease in the scores of difficulties in emotion regulation and an increase in the scores of health promotion lifestyle is relevant to obese women. Furthermore, this study illustrated that EFT-G can improve the difficulties in emotion regulation and the health promotion lifestyle of obese women.
Keywords: Emotion-Focused Therapy Group, Obesity, Difficulties in Emotion Regulation, Health Promotion Lifestyle
Investigating Mean Length of Utterance (MLU) in Monolingual Persian Speaking Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
Get PDFBackground: Mean Length of Utterance (MLU) is one of the most important measures in estimating language acquisition in children. The study of how language develops in these patients can be useful in providing effective treatment strategies. This study aims to investigate the developmental process of MLU in children with ASD and compare them with normal children.
Methods: This study is a descriptive, cross-sectional-quantitative one. The statistical society is all 3-6 years of children with ASD in Tehran, and the sample has been selected via cluster sampling among welfare organizations In region 6 (Mantaghe 6). The participants included 10 monolingual Persian children with ASD aged 3-6. In this research, the spoken utterances of children were recorded and transcribed in 30 minutes of free play sessions. The control group included 10 monolingual Persian children aged 2-5, with no previous linguistic and psychological disorders. Two groups were matched based on non-verbal IQ and gender.
Results: Based on the findings, the mean and standard deviation of MLU in autistic children were 2.5 and 1.24, respectively and the mean and standard deviation of MLU in normal children were 3.74 and 1.03, respectively. The results of T-test analysis showed a statistically significant difference between two groups with regard to the MLU (t (18)=-2.41, Pvalue=0.02). The results also indicated a statistically significant correlation between MLU and age in children with ASD (Pvalue=0.01, r=0.95) and in normal children (Pvalue=0.000, r=0.95).
Conclusions: The study showed that after controlling for vocabulary knowledge, non-verbal IQ and talkativeness, MLU was significantly lower in children with ASD than in normal children. The results also showed that MLU increases with increase of age in both groups.
Key words: Autism Spectrum Disorder, language ability, Mean Length of Utterance
Structural Equation Modeling of Relationships between Social Support, Self-Efficacy, and Quality of Life in Patients with Heart Failure
Get PDFBackground: Heart failure, with a very high disability, leads to reduced quality of life. Variables such as self-efficacy and social support have a very much impact on the quality of life of patients. This study aimed to determine the relationship between variables self-efficacy and social support with quality of life in patients with heart failure.
Methods: Participants were 298 Heart Failure (HF) patients of Farabi Hospital in Mashhad. They have completed the Social Support Questionnaire (12 items, Zimet and et al.), Self-efficacy (10 items, Schwarzer and et al.), and the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure questionnaire MLHFQ (21 Rector).
Results: Confirmatory analysis method and path analysis showed that the quality of life of patients with heart failure is affected by social support and self-efficacy. Therefore, social support has a positive effect on quality of life. Self-efficacy has also been able to mediate the relationship between social support and the quality of life, as its path coefficient was equal to 0.38. Multiple indices such as RMSEA (0.078) and GFI (0.93) were used to evaluate the model. The proposed model fits the data.
Conclusions: It seems that social support directly and through self-efficacy can improve the quality of life of patients with heart failure. Keywords: heart failure, quality of life, social support, self-efficacy